Evaluation of scatter-to-primary ratio, grid performance and normalized average glandular dose in mammography by Monte Carlo simulation including interference and energy broadening effects

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 55, Issue 15, 2010, Pages 4335-4359

  Cunha, D M ^a   Tomal, A ^a   Poletti, M E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BREAST; CYTOLOGY; ELASTICITY; IMAGE QUALITY; MAMMOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PHOTON; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION SCATTERING; REPRODUCIBILITY;

BREAST; ELASTICITY; MAMMOGRAPHY; MONTE CARLO METHOD; PHOTONS; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SCATTERING, RADIATION;

EID: 78049427610     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/15/010     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. ACR 1999 Mammography quality control manual, medical physicist's section Technical report American College of Radiology Reston, VA
2. Attix F H 1986 Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry (New York: Wiley)
3. Barnes G T 1991 Contrast and scatter in x-ray imaging Radiographics 11 307-23
4. Barnes G T and Brezovich I A 1978 Intensity of scattered radiation in mammography Radiology 126 243-7
5. Berger M J, Hubbell J H, Seltzer S M, Chang J, Coursey J S, Sukumar R and Zucker D S 2005 'XCOM: Photon Cross Section Database (Version 1.3) ' National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Available at: http://physics.nist.gov/xcom [2009, July 2].
6. Bergstrom P M and Pratt R H 1997 An overview of the theories used in Compton scattering calculations Radiat. Phys. Chem. 50 3-29
7. Bernhardt P, Mertelmeier T and Hoheisel M 2006 X-ray spectrum optimization of full-field digital mammography: simulation and phantom study Med. Phys. 33 4337-49
8. Biggs F, Mendelsohn L B and Mann J B 1975 Hartree-Fock Compton profiles for the elements At. Data Nucl. Data 16 201-309
9. Boone J M 1999 Glandular breast dose for monoenergetic and high-energy x-ray beams: Monte Carlo assessment Radiology 213 23-37
10. Boone J M, Buonocore M H and Cooper V N III 2000a Monte Carlo validation in diagnostic radiological imaging Med. Phys. 27 1294-304
11. Boone J M, Fewell T R and Jennings R J 1997 Molybdenum, rhodium, and tungsten anode spectral models using interpolation polynomials with application to mammography Med. Phys. 24 1863-74
12. Boone J M, Lindfors K K, Cooper V N III and Seibert J A 2000b Scatter/primary in mammography: comprehensive results Med. Phys. 27 2408-16
13. Boone J M, Seibert J A, Tang C M and Lane S M 2002 Grid and slot scan scatter reduction in mammography: comparison by using Monte Carlo techniques Radiology 222 519-27
14. Brusa D, Stutz G, Riveros J A, Fernández-Varea J M and Salvat F 1996 Fast sampling algorithm for the simulation of photon Compton scattering Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 379 167-75
15. Cardoso S C, Gonçalves O D, Schechter H and Eichler J 2003 Modelling the elastic scattering in diagnostic radiology: the importance of structure form factors Phys. Med. Biol. 48 1907-16
16. Carlsson G A, Carlsson C A, Nielsen B and Persliden J 1986 Generalised use of contrast degradation and contrast improvement factors in diagnostic radiology. Aplication to vanishing contrast Phys. Med. Biol. 31 737-49
17. Carton A K, Acciavatti R, Kuo J and Maidment A D A 2009 The effect of scatter and glare on image quality in contrast-enhanced breast imaging using an a-Si/CsI (Tl) full-field flat panel detector Med. Phys. 36 920-8
18. Chakraborty D P 1999 The effect of the antiscatter grid on full-field digital mammography phantom images J. Digit. Imaging 12 12-22
19. Chan H P and Doi K 1983 The validity of Monte Carlo simulation in studies of scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology Phys. Med. Biol. 28 109-29
20. Chan H P and Doi K 1984 Radiation dose in diagnostic radiology: Monte Carlo simulation studies Med. Phys. 11 480-90
21. Chan H P and Doi K 1985 Physical characteristics of scattered radiation in diagnostic radiology: Monte Carlo simulation studies Med. Phys. 12 152-65 (Pubitemid 15088997)
22. Chan H P and Doi K 1986 Some properties of photon scattering in water phantoms in diagnostic radiology Med. Phys. 13 824-30
23. Cooper III V N, Boone J M, Seibert J A and Pellot-Barakat C J 2000 An edge spread technique for measurement of the scatter-to-primary ratio in mammography Med. Phys. 27 845-53
24. Dance D R 1990 Monte Carlo calculation of conversion factors for the estimation of mean glandular breast dose Phys. Med. Biol. 35 1211-9
25. Dance D R and Day G J 1984 The computation of scatter in mammography by Monte Carlo methods Phys. Med. Biol. 29 237-47
26. Dance D R, Persliden J and Carlsson G A 1992 Calculation of dose and contrast for two mammographic grids Phys. Med. Biol. 37 235-48
27. Dance D R, Skinner C L and Carlsson G A 1999 Breast dosimetry Appl. Radiat. Iso. 50 185-203
28. Dance D R, Skinner C L, Young K C, Beckett J R and Kotre C J 2000 Additional factors for the estimation of mean glandular breast dose using the UK mammography dosimetry protocol Phys. Med. Biol. 45 3225-40
29. Dance D R, Young K C and van Engen R E 2009 Further factors for the estimation of mean glandular dose using the United Kingdom, European and IAEA breast dosimetry protocols Phys. Med. Biol. 54 4361-72
30. Day G J and Dance D R 1983 X-ray transmission formula for antiscatter grids Phys. Med. Biol. 28 1429-33
31. European Comission 1996 European protocol on dosimetry in mammography Technical report EUR 16263 EN European Commission, Luxembourg, UK
32. Fetterly K A and Schueler B A 2007 Experimental evaluation of fiber-interspaced antiscatter grids for large patient imaging with digital x-ray systems Phys. Med. Biol. 52 4863-80
33. Fritz S L, Chang C H J and Livingston W H 1983 Scatter/primary ratios for x-ray spectra modified to enhance iodine contrast in screen film mammography Med. Phys. 10 866-70
34. Gennaro G, Katz L, Souchay H, Klausz R, Alberelli C and di Maggio C 2007 Grid removal and impact on population dose in full-field digital mammography Med. Phys. 34 547-55
35. Griffiths J A, Royle G J, Hanby A M, Horrocks J A, Bohndiek S E and Speller R D 2007 Correlation of energy dispersive diffraction signatures and microCT of small breast tissue samples with pathological analysis Phys. Med. Biol. 52 6151-64
36. Haines E 1991 An Introduction to Ray Tracing ed A S Glassner (New York: Academic)
37. Hammerstein G R, Miller D W, White D R, Masterson M E, Woodard H Q and Laughlin J S 1979 Absorbed Radiation Dose in Mammography Radiology 130 485-91
38. Harding G, Newton M and Kosanetzky J 1990 Energy-dispersive x-ray-diffraction tomography Phys. Med. Biol. 35 33-41
39. Huang S, Boone J M, Yang K, Kwan A L C and Packard N J 2008 The effect of skin thickness determined using breast CT on mammographic dosimetry Med. Phys. 35 1199-206
40. Hubbell J H and Seltzer S M 2004 'Tables of x-ray mass attenuation coefficients and mass energy-absorption coefficients (version 1.4) '. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Available at: http://physics.nist.gov/xaamdi [2009, July 2].
41. Hubbell J H, Veigele W J, Briggs E A, Brown R T, Cromer D T and Howerton R J 1975 Atomic form factors, incoherent scattering functions and photon scattering cross sections J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 4 471-538
42. Huda W, Sajewicz A M, Ogden K M and Dance D R 2003 Experimental investigation of the dose and image quality characteristics of a digital mammography imaging system Med. Phys. 30 442-8
43. Jackson D F and Hawkes D J 1981 X-ray attenuation coefficients of compounds and mixtures Phys. Rep. 70 169-233
44. Kidane G, Speller R D, Royle G J and Hanby A M 1999 X-ray scatter signatures for normal and neoplastic breast tissues Phys. Med. Biol. 44 1791-802
45. Klein D J, Chan H P, Muntz E P, Doi K, Lee K, Chopelas P, Bernstein H and Lee J 1983 Experimental and theoretical energy and angular dependencies of scattered radiation in the mammography energy-range Med. Phys. 10 664-8
46. Klug H P and Alexander L E 1974 X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials 2 edn (New York: Wiley)
47. Koutalonis M, Delis H, Spyrou G, Costaridou L, Tzanakos G and Panayiotakis G 2006 Monte Carlo generated conversion factors for the estimation of average glandular dose in contact and magnification mammography Phys. Med. Biol. 51 5539-48
48. Leclair R J and Johns P C 2002 Optimum momentum transfer arguments for x-ray forward scatter imaging Med. Phys. 29 2881-90
49. Lederer C M and Shirley V S (ed) 1978 Table of Isotopes 7th edn (New York: Wiley Interscience)
50. Morin L R M 1982 Molecular form factors and photon coherent scattering cross sections of water J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 11 1091-8
51. Namito Y, Ban S and Hirayama H 1994 Implementation of the Doppler broadening of a Compton-scattered photon into the EGS4 code Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 349 489-94
52. Neitzel U 1992 Grids or air gaps for scatter reduction in digital radiography-a model calculation Med. Phys. 19 475-81
53. Nykanen K and Siltanen S 2003 X-ray scattering in full-field digital mammography Med. Phys. 30 1864-73
54. Peplow D E and Verghese D 1998 Measured molecular coherent scattering form factors of animal tissues, plastics and human breast tissue Phys. Med. Biol. 43 2431-52
55. Persliden J and Carlsson G A 1997 Scatter rejection by air gaps in diagnostic radiology. Calculations using a Monte Carlo collision density method and consideration of molecular interference in coherent scattering Phys. Med. Biol. 42 155-75
56. Poletti M E, Almeida A, Rezentes P S, Junck K L and Barnes G T 1997 Performance of mammography grid Phys. Medica 13 144-6
57. Poletti M E, Goncalves O D and Mazzaro I 2002a X-ray scattering from human breast tissues and breast-equivalent materials Phys. Med. Biol. 47 47-63
58. Poletti M E, Goncalves O D, Mazzaro I and Schechter H 2001 Evaluation of the influence of scattering profiles on the resolution, scatter/primary ratio, and grid performance in mammography Radiat. Phys. Chem. 61 607-10
59. Poletti M E, Goncalves O D, Schechter H and Mazzaro I 2002b Precise evaluation of elastic differential scattering cross-sections and their uncertainties in x-ray scattering experiments Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 187 437-46
60. Poludniowski G, Evans P M and Webb S 2009 Rayleigh scatter in kilovoltage x-ray imaging: is the independent atom approximation good enough? Phys. Med. Biol. 54 6931-42
61. Raeside D E 1976 Monte-Carlo principles and applications Phys. Med. Biol. 21 181-97
62. Rezentes P S, Almeida A and Barnes G T 1999 Mammography grid performance Radiology 210 227-32
63. Ribberfors R 1975 Relationship of the relativistic Compton cross section to the momentum distribution of bound electron states Phys. Rev. B 12 2067-74
64. Ribberfors R and Berggren K F 1982 Incoherent-x-ray-scattering functions and cross sections (do/dΩ') incoh by means of a pocket calculator Phys. Rev. A 26 3325-33
65. Sabel M and Aichinger H 1996 Recent developments in breast imaging Phys. Med. Biol. 41 315-68
66. Samei E, Dobbins J T, Lo J Y and Tornai M P 2005 A framework for optimising the radiographic technique in digital X-ray imaging Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 114 220-9
67. Sandborg M, Dance D R, Persliden J and Carlsson G A 1994 A Monte Carlo program for the calculation of contrast, noise and absorbed dose in diagnostic radiology Comput. Methods Prog. Bio. 42 167-80
68. Sechopoulos I and D'Orsi C 2008 Glandular radiation dose in tomosynthesis of the breast using tungsten targets J Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. 9 161-71
69. Sechopoulos I, Suryanarayanan S, Vedantham S, D'Orsi C J and Karellas A 2007a Scatter radiation in digital tomosynthesis of the breast Med. Phys. 34 564-76
70. Sechopoulos I, Suryanarayanan S, Vedantham S, D'Orsi C and Karellas A 2007b Computation of the glandular radiation dose in digital tomosynthesis of the breast Med. Phys. 34 221-32
71. Shen S Z, Bloomquist A K, Mawdsley G E, Yaffe M J and Elbakri I 2006 Effect of scatter and an antiscatter grid on the performance of a slot-scanning digital mammography system Med. Phys. 33 1108-15
72. Speller R 1999 Tissue analysis using x-ray scattering X-Ray Spectrom. 28 244-50
73. Taibi A, Royle G J and Speller R D 2000 A Monte Carlo simulation study to investigate the potential of diffraction enhanced breast imaging IEEE T. Nucl. Sci. 47 1581-6
74. Tartari A, Taibi A, Bonifazzi C and Baraldi C 2002 Updating of form factor tabulations for coherent scattering of photons in tissues Phys. Med. Biol. 47 163-75
75. Tomal A, Poletti M E and Caldas L V E 2010 Evaluation of subject contrast and normalized average glandular dose by semi-analytical models Appl. Radiat. Isot. 68 755-9
76. Tucker D M, Souto M and Barnes G T 1993 Scatter in computed radiography Radiology 188 271-4
77. Van Uytven E, Pistorius S and Gordon R 2008 A method for 3D electron density imaging using single scattered x-rays with application to mammographic screening Phys. Med. Biol. 53 5445-59
78. Veldkamp W J H, Thijssen MAO and Karssemeijer N 2003 The value of scatter removal by a grid in full field digital mammography Med. Phys. 30 1712-8
79. Wagner A J 1991 Contrast and grid performance in mammography Screen Film Mammography: Imaging Considerations and Medical Physics Responsibilities ed G T Barnes and G D Frey (Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing) pp 115-34
80. Waller I and Hartree D R 1929 On the intensity of total scattering of x-rays Proc. R. Soc. A 124 119-42
81. Wu X, Barnes G T and Tucker D M 1991 Spectral dependence of glandular tissue dose in screen-film mammography Radiology 179 143-8
82. Wu X, Gingold E L, Barnes G T and Tucker D M 1994 Normalized average glandular dose in molybdenum targetrhodium filter and rhodium target-rhodium filter mammography Radiology 193 83-9
83. Yaffe M J, Boone J M, Packard N, Alonzo-Proulx O, Huang S Y, Peressotti C L, Al-Mayah A and Brock K 2009 The myth of the 50-50 breast Med. Phys. 36 5437-43
84. Zoetelief J and Jansen J T M 1995 Calculation of air kerma to average glandular tissue dose conversion factors for mammography Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 57 397-400
85. Zoetelief J, Veldkamp W J H, Thijssen M A O and Jansen J T M 2006 Glandularity and mean glandular dose determined for individual women at four regional breast cancer screening units in the Netherlands Phys. Med. Biol. 51 1807-17