Earthquake fault superhighways

Tectonophysics

Volumn 493, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 236-243

  Robinson, D P ^a   Das, S ^a   Searle, M P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Earthquake hazard; Rupture velocity; Seismology; Super fast rupture

Indexed keywords

CALIFORNIA; COMPRESSIONAL WAVES; DEAD SEA; EARTHQUAKE FAULT; EARTHQUAKE HAZARD; FAULT SYSTEM; LOS ANGELES; PAKISTAN; POPULATION DISTRIBUTION; RED RIVER; RUPTURE VELOCITIES; SAN ANDREAS FAULT; SAN FRANCISCO; SANTA BARBARA; SEISMIC HAZARDS; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT SYSTEMS; SUMATRA; SUPER-FAST RUPTURE; SUPERSHEAR; SUPERSHEAR RUPTURE; VIET NAM;

EARTHQUAKES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPEED; STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

SUBMARINE CABLES;

EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; FAULT ZONE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; SAN ANDREAS FAULT; SEISMIC HAZARD; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; TECTONIC SETTING; WAVE VELOCITY;

CALIFORNIA; DEAD SEA RIFT; GREATER SUNDA ISLANDS; KARACHI; MYANMAR; PAKISTAN; RED RIVER FAULT ZONE; SAGAING; SAN ANDREAS; SIND; SUMATRA; SUNDA ISLES; UNITED STATES;

EID: 78049314064     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2010.01.010     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Ambraseys N.N., Melville C.P., Adams R.D. The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: a Historical Review 1994, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 181 pp.
2. Anczkiewicz R., et al. Structure and shearing conditions in the Day Nui Con Voi massif: implications for the evolution of the Red River shear zone in northern Vietnam. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC2002. 10.1029/2006TC001972.
3. Archuleta R. Faulting model for the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 1984, 89:4559-4585.
4. Bannert D., Cheems A., Ahmed A., Schaffer U. The Structural Development of the Western Fold belt, Pakistan. Geologisches Jahrbuch Reich B 1992, Hannover, 60 pp.
5. Bernard P., Baumont D. Shear Mach wave characterization for kinematic fault rupture models with constant supershear rupture velocity. Geophys. J. Intl. 2005, 162:431-447.
6. Bertrand G., Rangin C. Tectonics of the western margin of the Shan Plateau (central Myanmar): implication for the India-Indochina oblique convergence since the Oligocene. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2003, 21:1139-1157.
7. w 8.1 Kokoxili (Kunlun) Tibet earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:B06301. 10.1029/2006JB004425.
8. Bouchon M., Karabulut H. The aftershock signature of supershear earthquakes. Science 2008, 320:1323-1325.
9. Bouchon M., Vallée M. Observation of long supershear rupture during the magnitude 8.1 Kunlunshan earthquake. Science 2003, 301:824-826.
10. Bouchon M., et al. How fast is rupture during an earthquake? New insights from the 1999 Turkey earthquakes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2001, 28:2723-2726.
11. Cowgill E., et al. The Akato Tagh bend along the Altyn Tagh fault, northwest Tibet 1: smoothing by vertical-axis rotation and the effect of topographic stresses on bend-flanking faults. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2004, 116:1423-1442.
12. Curray J.R. Tectonics and history of the Andaman Sea region. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2005, 25:187-232.
13. Das S. The need to study speed. Science 2007, 317:905-906.
14. Das, S., in preparation. Supershear earthquake rupture speeds: a review.
15. Dunham E.M., Bhat H.S. Attenuation of radiated ground motion and stresses from three-dimensional supershear ruptures. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B08319. 10.1029/2007JB005182.
16. Garfunkel Z., Zak I., Freund R. Active faulting in the Dead Sea rift. Tectonophysics 1981, 80:1-26.
17. Gridded Population of the World, version 3 (GPWv3) Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2005, Palisades, NY. Available at (2007). http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw.
18. Haberland Ch., Maercklin N., Kesten D., Ryberg T., Janssen Ch., Agnon A., Weber M., Schulzeb A., Qabbanid I., El-Kelani R. Shallow architecture of the Wadi Araba fault (Dead Sea Transform) from high-resolution seismic investigations. Tectonophysics 2007, 432:37-50.
19. Harris R.A., Day S.M. Dynamics of fault interaction: parallel strike-slip faults. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:4461-4472.
20. Harris R.A., Day S.M. Dynamic 3D simulations of earthquakes on en echelon faults. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999, 26:2089-2092.
21. Jolivet L., et al. Oligo-Miocene mid-crustal sub-horizontal shear zone in Indochina. Tectonics 2001, 20:46-57.
22. Kanamori H. The energy release in great earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 1977, 82:2981-2987.
23. Kesten D., Weber M., Haberland Ch., Janssen Ch., Agnon A., Bartov Y., Rabba I. Combining satellite and seismic images to analyse the shallow structure of the Dead Sea Transform near the DESERT transect. Int. J. Earth Sci. 2007, 97:153-169. The DESERT Group. 10.1007/s00531-006-0168-5.
24. Kostrov B.V., Das S. Principles of Earthquake Source Mechanics 1988, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.
25. Leloup P.H., et al. Structural, petrological and thermal evolution of a tertiary ductile strike-slip shear zone, Diancang Shan, Yunnan. J. Geophys. Res. 1993, 98:6715-6743.
26. Leloup P.H., et al. The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China), tertiary transform boundary of Indochina. Tectonophysics 1995, 251:3-84.
27. Leloup P.H., et al. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology, and timing of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, SE Asia. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:6657-6671.
28. Madariaga R. High frequency radiation from dynamic earthquake fault models. Ann. Geophys. 1983, 1:17-23.
29. McCloskey J., Nalbant S.S., Steacy S. Earthquake risk from co-seismic stress. Nature 2005, 434:291.
30. Mitchell A.H.G. Cretaceous-Cenozoic tectonic events in the western Myanmar (Burma)-Assam region. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1993, 150:1089-1102.
31. Nalbant S.S., Steacy S., Sieh K., Natawidjaja D., McCloskey J. Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench. Nature 2005, 435:756-757.
32. Ozacar A.A., Beck S.L. The 2002 Denali fault and 2001 Kunlun fault earthquakes: complex rupture processes of two large strike-slip events. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 2004, 94:S278-S292.
33. Quennell A.M. The structure and geomorphic evolution of the Dead Sea rift. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 1958, 64:1-24.
34. Quennell A.M. The Western Arabia rift system. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 1984, vol. 17:375-402. J.E. Dixon, A.H.F. Robertson (Eds.).
35. Rangin C., Klein M., Rogues D., LePichon X., Trong L.V. The Red River fault system in the Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. Tectonophysics 1995, 243:209-222.
36. Richter C.F. Elementary Seismology 1958, W. H. Freeman and Co, 768 pp.
37. w 7.8 2001 Kunlunshan earthquake: extreme rupture speed variability and effect of fault geometry. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B08303. 10.1029/2005JB004137.
38. Rodgers D.W., Little T.A. World's largest coseismic strike-slip offset: the 1855 rupture of the Wairarapa fault, New Zealand, and implications for displacement/length scaling of continental earthquakes. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111:B12408. 10.1029/2005JB004065.
39. Schaff D.P., Bokelmann G.H.R., Beroza G.C., Waldhauser F., Ellsworth W.L. High-resolution image of Calaveras fault seismicity. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107:2186. 10.1029/2001JB000633.
40. Schlupp A., Cisternas A. Source history of the 1905 great Mongolian earthquakes (Tsetserleg, Bolnay). Geophys. J. Int. 2007, 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03323.x.
41. Scholz C.H. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting 2002, Cambridge University Press, New York.
42. Searle M.P. Structure of the intraplate palmyride fold belt, Syria. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1994, 106:1332-1350.
43. Searle M.P. Role of the Red River shear zone, Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 2006, 163:1025-1036.
44. Searle M.P. Reply to discussion: role of the Red River shear zone, Yunnan and Vietnam, in the continental extrusion of SE Asia. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 2007, 164:1253-1260.
45. Searle M.P., et al. Tectonic evolution of the Mogok metamorphic belt, Burma (Myanmar) constrained by U-Th-Pb dating of metamorphic and magmatic rocks. Tectonics 2007, 26:TC3014. 10.1029/2006TC002083.
46. Sieh K., Natawidjaja D. Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:28295-28326.
47. Song S.G., Beroza G.C., Segall P. A unified source model for the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 2008, 98:823-831.
48. Tapponnier P., Peltzer G., Armijo R. On the Mechanics of the Collision between India and Asia. Geological Society of London, Special volume 1986, vol. 19:115-157. M.P. Coward, A.C. Ries (Eds.).
49. Tapponnier P., et al. The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt: tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China. Nature 1990, 343:431-437.
50. Tapponnier P., et al. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science 2001, 294:1671-1677.
51. Utsu T. A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World (1500-2000). International Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology Part A 2002, Academic Press. W.H.K. Lee, H. Kanamori, P.C. Jennings, C. Kisslinger (Eds.).
52. Vallée M., Landès M., Shapiro N.M., Klinger Y. The 14 November 2001 Kokoxili (Tibet) earthquake: high-frequency seismic radiation originating from the transitions between sub-Rayleigh and supershear rupture velocity regimes. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:B07305. 10.1029/2007JB005520.
53. Vigny C., et al. Present-day crustal deformation around Sagaing fault, Myanmar. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108:2533. 10.1029/2002JB001999.
54. Walker K.T., Shearer P.M. Illuminating the near-sonic rupture velocities of the intracontinental Kokoxili Mw 7.8 and the Denali fault Mw 7.9 strike-slip earthquakes with global P wave back projection imaging. JGR 2009, 114:B02304. 10.1029/2008JB005738.
55. Wang E., Burchfiel B.C. Interpretation of Cenozoic tectonics in the right-lateral accommodation zone between the Ailao Shan shear zone and the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Int. Geol. Rev. 1997, 39:191-219.
56. Wang E., et al. Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang, Red River, and Dali fault systems of southwestern Sichuan and Central Yunnan, China. Geol. Soc. America Special Paper 1998, 327:108p.
57. Wang P.-L., et al. Onset timing of left-lateral movement along the Ailao Shan-Red River Shear zone: 40Ar/39Ar dating constraint from Nam Dinh area, northeastern Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2000, 18:281-292.
58. Wesnousky S.G. Predicting the endpoints of earthquake ruptures. Nature 2006, 444:358-360.
59. Xia K., Rosakis A.J., Kanamori H. Laboratory earthquakes: the sub-Rayleigh-to-supershear rupture transition. Science 2004, 303:1859-1861.
60. Xia K., Rosakis A.J., Kanamori H., Rice J.R. Laboratory earthquakes along inhomogeneous faults: directionality and supershear. Science 2005, 308:681-684.
61. Yeats R.S., Sieh K., Allen C.R. The Geology of Earthquakes 1997, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K, 568 pp.
62. Yumul G.P., Dimanlanta C.B., Tamayo R.A., Maury R.C. Collision, subduction and accretion events in the Philippines: a synthesis. Isl. Arc 2003, 12(2):77-91.