Rural-to-Urban Labor Migration, Household Livelihoods, and the Rural Environment in Chongqing Municipality, Southwest China

Human Ecology

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 675-690

  Qin, Hua ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

China; Mediating factor framework; Migrant households; Migration environment; Non migrant households; Rural livelihoods

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; HOUSEHOLD SURVEY; LABOR MIGRATION; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; RURAL AREA; RURAL ECONOMY; RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION;

CHINA; CHONGQING;

EID: 78049292185     PISSN: 03007839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10745-010-9353-z     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Adams, R. (1998). Remittances, investment, and rural asset accumulation in Pakistan. Economic Development and Cultural Change 47(1): 155-173.
2. Adams, R. (2006). Remittances, poverty and investment in Guatemala. In Özden, Ç., and Schiff, M. (eds.), International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain. World Bank, Washington, DC, pp. 53-80.
3. Aide, T. M., and Grau, H. R. (2004). Globalization, migration, and Latin American ecosystems. Science 305: 1915-1916.
4. Airola, J. (2007). The use of remittance income in Mexico. International Migration Review 41(4): 850-859.
5. Bilsborrow, R. E. (1992). Rural poverty, migration and the environment in developing countries: three case studies. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper (WPS 1017).
6. Bilsborrow, R. E. (2002). Migration, population change, and the rural environment. Environmental Change and Security Project Report 8: 69-94.
7. Black, R. (1993). Migration, return, and agricultural development in the Serra Do Alvao, Northern Portugal. Economic Development and Cultural Change 41(3): 563-585.
8. Browder, J. (1995). Redemptive communities: indigenous knowledge, colonist farming systems, and conservation of tropical forest. Agriculture and Human Values 12(1): 17-30.
9. Carney, D. (ed.) (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: What Contribution Can We Make? Department for International Development (DFID). UK, London.
10. Carr, D. (2009). Population and deforestation: why rural migration matters? Progress in Human Geography 33(3): 355-378.
11. Cassels, S., Curran, S. R., and Kramer, R. (2005). Do migrants degrade coastal environments? Migration, natural resource extraction and poverty in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Human Ecology 33(3): 329-363.
12. China Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (CMHRSS) and China Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (2008). China Human Resources and Social Security Development Report 2008. Available online at: http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjgb/qttjgb/qgqttjgb/t20090519_402559984. htm (in Chinese).
13. Chongqing Bureau of Statistics (2009). Analysis on the environmental conditions of Chongqing in the 60 years since the establishment of New China. Available online at: http://www. cqtj. gov. cn/UploadFile/20090922111903281. pdf (in Chinese).
14. Collins, J. (1988). Unseasonal Migrations: The Effects of Rural Labor Scarcity in Peru. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
15. de Haas, H. (2006). Migration, remittances and regional development in Southern Morocco. Geoforum 37(4): 565-580.
16. de Sheerbinin, A. D., VanWey, L., McSweeney, K., Aggarwal, R., Barbieri, A., Henry, S., Hunter, L. M., and Twine, W. (2008). Rural household demographics, livelihoods and the environment. Global Environmental Change 18(1): 38-53.
17. Dunn, K. (2000). Interviewing. In Hay, I. (ed.), Qualitative Research Methods in Human Geography. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 50-82.
18. Entwisle, B. and Tong, Y. (2005). The impact of migration and remittances on households in rural Thailand. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Philadelphia, March 31-April 2.
19. Filmer, D., and Pritchett, H. (2001). Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography 38(1): 115-132.
20. Ford, K., Jampaklay, A., and Chamratrithirong, A. (2007). The impact of migration on household wealth in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, March 29-31.
21. Garcia-Barrios, R., and Garcia-Barrios, L. (1990). Environmental and technological degradation in peasant agriculture: a consequence of development in Mexico. World Development 18(11): 1569-1585.
22. Garcia-Ruiz, J. M., Lasanta, T., Ortigosa, L., Ruiz-Flafio, P., Marti, C., and Gonzalez, C. (1995). Sediment yield under different land uses in the Spanish Pyrenees. Mountain Research and Development 15(3): 229-240.
23. Garip, F. (2007). Internal migration, remittances and community development. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, New York, March 29-31.
24. Garland, E. B. (1995). The social and economic causes of deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon Basin: natives and colonists. In Painter, M., and Durham, W. H. (eds.), The Social Causes of Environmental Destruction in Latin America. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, pp. 217-246.
25. Gellrich, M., Baur, P., Koch, B., and Zimmermann, N. (2007). Agricultural land abandonment and natural forest re-growth in the Swiss mountains: a spatially explicit economic analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 118(1-4): 93-108.
26. Gray, C. L. (2009). Rural out-migration and smallholder agriculture in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes. Population and Environment 30(4-5): 193-217.
27. Harden, C. P. (1993). Land use, soil erosion, and reservoir sedimentation in an Andean drainage basin in Ecuador. Mountain Research and Development 13(2): 177-184.
28. Harden, C. P. (1996). Interrelationships between land abandonment and land degradation: a case from the Ecuadorian Andes. Mountain Research and Development 16(3): 274-280.
29. Hull, J. (2007). Migration, remittances, and monetization of farm labor in subsistence sending areas. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 16(4): 451-484.
30. Hyden, G., Turner II, B. L., and Kates, R. (1993). Beyond intensification. In Turner II, B. L., Hyden, G., and Kates, R. (eds.), Population Growth and Agricultural Change in Africa. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, pp. 320-360.
31. Jokisch, B. D. (2002). Migration and agricultural change: the case of smallholder agriculture in highland Ecuador. Human Ecology 30(4): 523-550.
32. Jolly, C. L. (1994). Four theories of population change and the environment. Population and Environment 16(1): 61-90.
33. Le, X. (2004). The impacts of rural living styles on the rural environment in China. Agricultural Environment and Development 21(4): 42-45 (in Chinese).
34. López, E., Boccoa, G., Mendoza, M., Velázquez, A., and Aguirre-Rivera, J. (2006). Peasant emigration and land-use change at the watershed level: a GIS-based approach in central Mexico. Agricultural Systems 90(1-3): 62-78.
35. Luloff, A. E. (1999). The doing of rural community development research. Rural Society 9(1): 313-327.
36. Luo, H., Zhu, B., Liu, D., and He, X. (2006). Regionalization of ecological function in Chongqing Municipality, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica 26(9): 3144-3151 (in Chinese).
37. Mackellar, F. L., Lutz, W., McMichael, A. J., and Suhrke, A. (1998). Population and climate change. In Rayner, S., and Malone, E. L. (eds.), Human Choice and Climate Change, vol. 1. Battelle Press, Columbus, pp. 89-193.
38. Marquette, C. M., and Bilsborrow, R. (1999). Population and environment relationships in developing countries: recent approaches and methods. In Sundberg, B., and Moomaw, W. R. (eds.), People and Their Planet. St. Martin's Press, New York, pp. 29-44.
39. Mather, A. (1992). The forest transition. Area 24(4): 367-379.
40. Mazambani, D. (1990). Labor Migration Impacts on Communal Land Agriculture: Case Studies from Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe, Doctoral Dissertation, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts.
41. McCarthy, N., Carletto, G., Davis, B., and Maltsoglou, I. (2006). Assessing the impact of massive out-migration on agriculture. Agricultural and Development Economics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Working Paper No. 06-14.
42. Mendola, M. (2008). Migration and technological change in rural households: complements or substitutes? Journal of Development Economics 85(1): 150-175.
43. Oberai, A. S., and Bilsborrow, E. (1984). Theoretical perspectives on migration. In Bilsborrow, R. E., Oberai, A. S., and Standing, G. (eds.), Migration Surveys in Low-income Countries: Guidelines for Survey and Questionnaire Design. Croom Helm, London and Sydney, pp. 14-30.
44. Perz, S. G. (2003). Social determinants and land use correlates of agricultural technology adoption in a forest frontier: a case study in the Brazilian Amazon. Human Ecology 31(1): 133-165.
45. Pichon, F. J. (1997). Settler households and land-use patterns in the Amazon frontier: farm-level evidence from Ecuador. World Development 25(1): 67-91.
46. Preston, D. (1998). Post-peasant capitalist graziers: The 21st century in southern Bolivia. Mountain Research and Development 18(2): 151-158.
47. Preston, D., Macklin, M., and Warburton, J. (1997). Fewer people, less erosion: the twentieth century in southern Bolivia. The Geographical Journal 163(2): 198-205.
48. Qin, H. (2009) The Impacts of Rural-to-Urban Labor Migration on the Rural Environment in Chongqing Municipality, Southwest China: Mediating Roles of Rural Household Livelihoods and Community Development, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
49. Rozelle, S., Taylor, J. E., and de Brauw, A. (1999). Migration, remittances, and agricultural productivity in China. The American Economic Review 89(2): 287-291.
50. Rudel, T., Coomes, O., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J., and Lambin, E. (2005). Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Global Environmental Change 15(1): 23-31.
51. Schmook, B., and Radel, C. (2008). International labor migration from a tropical development frontier: globalizing households and an incipient forest transition. Human Ecology 36(6): 891-908.
52. Sierra, R. (1999). Traditional resource-use systems and tropical deforestation in a multiethnic region in northwest Ecuador. Environmental Conservation 26(2): 136-145.
53. Simelane, H. S. (1995). Labour migration and rural transformation in post-colonial Swaziland. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 13(2): 207-226.
54. Singleton Jr., R. A., and Straits, B. C. (2005). Approaches to Social Research (4th edition). Oxford University Press, New York.
55. Stark, O. (1991). The Migration of Labor. Basil Blackwell, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
56. Tashakkori, A., and Teddlie, C. (1998). Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.
57. Taylor, J. (1999). The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process. International Migration 37(1): 63-88.
58. Taylor, J. and Mora, J. (2006). Does migration shape expenditures in rural households? World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3842.
59. Taylor, J., Rozelle, S., and de Brauw, A. (2003). Migration and incomes in source communities: a new economics of migration perspective from China. Economic Development and Cultural Change 52(1): 75-101.
60. Turner, M. D. (1999). Labor process and the environment: the effects of labor availability and compensation on the quality of herding in the Sahel. Human Ecology 27(2): 267-296.
61. Wouterse, F., and Taylor, J. (2008). Migration and income diversification: evidence from Burkina Faso. World Development 36(4): 625-640.
62. Zarate-Hoyos, G. A. (2004). Consumption and remittances in migrant households: toward a productive use of remittances. Contemporary Economic Policy 22(4): 555-565.
63. Zhao, Y. (1999). Leaving the countryside: rural-to-urban migration decision in China. The American Economic Review 89(2): 281-286.
64. Zimmerer, K. S. (1991). Labor shortages and crop diversity in the southern Peruvian Sierra. Geographical Review 81(4): 414-432.
65. Zimmerer, K. S. (1993). Soil erosion and labor shortages in the Andes with special reference to Bolivia, 1953-91: implications for "conservation-with-development". World Development 21(10): 1659-1675.