An update on the cause and treatment of scleritis

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 463-467

  Rachitskaya, Aleksandra ^a   Mandelcorn, Efrem D ^a   Albini, Thomas A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

noninfectious anterior scleritis; ocular disease; scleritis

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; IMMUNOMODULATING AGENT; METHOTREXATE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISONE;

ALLERGIC REACTION; BLADDER CANCER; BLURRED VISION; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRY EYE; FATIGUE; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; GONAD DYSFUNCTION; HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA; INTRAOCULAR HYPERTENSION; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER TOXICITY; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; NAUSEA; NEPHROTOXICITY; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; OPTIC NERVE DISEASE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SCLERITIS; STOMATITIS; TERATOGENICITY; TH17 CELL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; SCLERITIS;

EID: 78049288568     PISSN: 10408738     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32833f1060     Document Type: Review

References (31)

1. Jabs DA, Rosenbaum JT, Foster CS, et al. Guidelines for the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders: recommendations of an expert panel. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130:492-513.
2. Albini TA, Rao NA, Smith RE. The diagnosis and management of anterior scleritis. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2005; 45:191-204.
3. Sainz de la Maza M, Foster CS, Jabbur NS. Scleritis associated with systemic vasculitic diseases. Ophthalmology 1995; 102:687-692.
4. Raiji VR, Palestine AG, Parver DL Scleritis and systemic disease association in a community-based referral practice. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148:946-950.
5. Amadi-Obi A, Yu CR, Liu X, et al. TH17 cells contribute to uveitis and scleritis and are expanded by IL-2 and inhibited by IL-27/STAT1. Nat Med 2007; 13:711-718.
6. Ohn MT, Gupta D, Burton BJ. Amitriptyline for pain control in scleritis may help to avoid excessive steroid use in selected cases: a case report. Cases J 2009; 2:8148.
7. Jabs DA, Mudun A, Dunn JP, Marsh MJ. Episcleritis and scleritis: clinical features and treatment results. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130:469-476.
8. Kempen JH, Daniel E, Gangaputra S, et al. Methods for identifying long-term adverse effects of treatment in patients with eye diseases: the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases (SITE) cohort study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2008; 15:47-55.
9. Gangaputra S, Newcomb CW, Liesegang TL, et al. Methotrexate for ocular inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology 2009; 116:2188-2980.
10. Pasadhika S, Kempen JH, Newcomb CW, et al. Azathioprine for ocular inflammatory diseases. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148:500-509.e2.
11. Daniel E, Thorne JE, Newcomb CW, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil for ocular inflammation. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 149:423.e1-2-432.e1-2.
12. Kacmaz RO, Kempen JH, Newcomb C, et al. Cyclosporine for ocular inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:576-584.
13. Pujari SS, Kempen JH, Newcomb CW, et al. Cyclophosphamide for ocular inflammatory diseases. Ophthalmology 2010; 117:356-365.
14. Sen HN, Sangave A, Hammel K, et al. Infliximab for the treatment of active scleritis. Can J Ophthalmol 2009; 44:e9-e12.
15. Doctor P, Sultan A, Syed S, et al. Infliximab for the treatment of refractory scleritis. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:579-583.
16. Ahn SJ, Oh JY, Kim MK, Wee WR. Treating refractory scleritis with infliximab. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2009; 53:286-287.
17. Kontkanen M, Paimela L, Kaarniranta K. Regression of necrotizing scleritis in Wegener's granulomatosis after infliximab treatment. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88: e96-e97.
18. Restrepo JP, Molina MP. Successful treatment of severe nodular scleritis with adalimumab. Clin Rheumatol 2010; 29:559-561.
19. Suhler EB, Smith JR, Wertheim MS, et al. A prospective trial of infliximab therapy for refractory uveitis: preliminary safety and efficacy outcomes. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:903-912.
20. Usui Y, Parikh J, Goto H, Rao NA. Immunopathology of necrotising scleritis. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:417-419.
21. Kurz PA, Suhler EB, Choi D, Rosenbaum JT. Rituximab for treatment of ocular inflammatory disease: a series of four cases. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:546-548.
22. Chauhan S, Kamal A, Thompson RN, et al. Rituximab for treatment of scleritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:984-985.
23. Taylor SR, Salama AD, Joshi L, et al. Rituximab is effective in the treatment of refractory ophthalmic Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:1540-1547.
24. Albini TA, Zamir E, Read RW, et al. Evaluation of subconjunctival triamcinolone for nonnecrotizing anterior scleritis. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:1814-1820.
25. Zamir E, Read RW, Smith RE, et al. A prospective evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide for resistant anterior scleritis. Ophthalmology 2002; 109:798-805; discussion 805-7.
26. Sohn EH, Wang R, Read R, et al. Long-term, multicenter evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone for nonnecrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis. Ophthalmology (in press).
27. Johnson KS, Chu DS. Evaluation of sub-tenon triamcinolone acetonide injections in the treatment of scleritis. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 149:77-81.
28. Okhravi N, Odufuwa B, McCluskey P, Lightman S. Scleritis. Surv Ophthalmol 2005; 50:351-363.
29. Jain V, Garg P, Sharma S. Microbial scleritis-experience from a developing country. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23:255-261.
30. Seth RK, Gaudio PA. Nocardia asteroides necrotizing scleritis associated with subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2008; 16:139-140.
31. Bhat PV, Jakobiec FA, Kurbanyan K, et al. Chronic herpes simplex scleritis: characterization of 9 cases of an under-recognized clinical entity. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 148:779-789.e2.