The provinces and China's multi-layered diplomacy: The cases of GMS and Africa

The Hague Journal of Diplomacy

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 331-356

  Zhimin, Chen ^a   Junbo, Jian ^c   Diyu, Chen ^b  

^a FUDAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NANJING INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES   (China)

^c NONE

Author keywords

Africa; China; foreign policy; GMS; provinces

Indexed keywords

EID: 77958561398     PISSN: 18711901     EISSN: 1871191X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/187119110X529203     Document Type: Article

References (45)

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3. Yanli Chu, Foreign-Related Activities of the Chinese Local Governments and Agents of Globalization: A Case Study of 31 Provinces in Mainland China, dissertation presented to the faculty of the School of Policy, Planning and Development, University of Southern California, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Planning and Development Studies, August 2008.
4. Kenneth Lieberthal, 'Introduction: The "Fragmented Authoritarianism" Model', in Kenneth Lieberthal and David Lampton (eds), Bureaucracy, Politics and Decision-Making in Post-Mao China (Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1992), pp. 1-24.
5. Standard Chartered Bank, 'China: If Guangdong were a Country', 26 August 2008.
6. Also see Joerg Wuttke, 'Soap Box: Central Provinces Key to Comeback King', FT.com, 14 September 2008, available online at http://us.ft.com/ ftgateway/superpage.ft?news-id=fto091420081251160206&page=1.
7. See Gerald Segal, 'Deconstructing Foreign Relations', in David S.G. Goodman and Gerald Segal (eds), China Deconstructs: Politics, Trade and Regionalism (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 322-355.
8. Thomas J. Price, 'State Development Agencies as International Actors and the Decentralization of United States Foreign Economic Policy', Publius: The Journal of Federalism, vol.11, no.1, 1981, pp. 46-47.
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10. Peter Howard, 'The Growing Role of States in US Foreign Policy: The Case of the State Partnership Program', International Studies Perspectives, vol.5, 2004, pp. 179-196.
11. Brian Hocking, Localizing Foreign Policy: Non-Central Governments and Multi-Layered Diplomacy (London: Macmillan, 1993), p. 26.
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14. Asia Development Bank, 'Summary of GMS Loans, by Country, 1992-2008', 16 January 2009, available online at http://www.adb.org/Documents/Others/GMS/GMS- Loans-2008.pdf.
15. Guangxi Zhuang, Autonomous Region was only accepted as the second participating region of China in the GMS in 2005.
16. See the official website of the Mekong Institute, available online at http://www.mekonginstitute.org/ index.php?option=com-content&view= article&id=76&Itemid=101.
17. China News Agency, 'GMS Jingji Zoulang Luntan de Beijing ji Youlai' [The Background and Origin of the GMS Economic Corridor Forum], 3 June 2008, available online at http://www.newsyn.com/html/ other2/20080603/59620.html.
18. 'Establishing the Economic Corridors Forum for the Sustainable and Balanced Development of Economic Corridors in the Greater Mekong Sub-region', Joint Ministerial Statement of GMS-EFC, Kunming, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, 6 June 2008, available online at http://www.nesdb. go.th/Portals/0/HighLight/gms/ecf-KunmingConsensus.pdf.
19. Information available online at http://www.yfao.gov.cn/EnShow2.aspx?id= 17.
20. Asia Development Bank, 'Summary of GMS Loans, by Country, 1992-2008', 16 January 2009, available online at http://www.adb.org/Documents/Others/GMS/GMS- Loans-2008.pdf.
21. 'The Country Report on China's Participation in Greater Mekong Sub-region Cooperation', jointly issued by China's National Development and Reform Commission, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Finance, 27 March 2008, available online at http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/ 2008-03/28/content-7871939.htm.
22. See online at http://www.ynf.gov.cn/canton-model44/newsview.aspx?id= 260665.
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24. Ministry of Commerce, 2007 Statistical Bulletin of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment.
25. Shanghai FTEC, 'Guanyu benshi jinyibu kuoda qiye duiwai touzi jiakuai tuozhan guowai shichang de ruogan yijian' [Several Suggestions about Further Expanding Local Enterprises' Overseas Investment and Speeding Up Developing Overseas Markets], 20 February 1998, available online at http://smert.shqp. gov.cn/gb/content/2003-03/16/content-2997.htm.
26. Zhejiang provincial government, 'Zhejiangsheng caizhengting, zhejiangsheng jingmaoting guanyu shishi 'zouchuqu' zhanlue zhuanxiang zijin shiyong guanli ruogan yijian de tongzhi' [Communication from Zhejiang Finance Department and Foreign Economic and Trade Department Regarding Several Suggestions about Special Grant Management to Implement the 'Going Out' Strategy], 14 December 2002, available online at http://wjc.zftec.gov.cn/main/ ztzl/zcq/zcfg/T181327.shtml.
27. Tianjin Government File, no.46, 2008, issued on 24 April 2008, available online at http://www.tj. gov.cn/zwgk/wjgz/szfwj/200805/t20080527-58735.htm.
28. Renmin Ribao [People' s Daily], 5 November 2007.
29. Shanghai dazhong weisheng bao [Shanghai Public Health Weekly], 28 April 2006.
30. Website of the Chinese Government, 'Zhongguo yu madajiasijia yiliao hezuo sanshi zhounian qingzhu huodong kaimu' [Celebrating Activities Inaugurated to Commemorate the Thirtieth Anniversary of the China-Madagascar Medical Cooperation], 9 December 2005, available online at http://www.gov.cn/ gzdt/2005-12/09/content-125747.htm.
31. Interviews with local foreign affairs officials, 25 April 2009.
32. See online at http://www.cifca.org.cn/web/YouChengTongJi.aspx, accessed on 6 April 2010.
33. US Africa Sister Cities, 'US Sister Cities by State with Affiliated African Countries', available online at http://www.usasc.org/search/US- directory.html, accessed on 6 April 2010.
34. China International Friendship Cities Association, 'Regulations Regarding the Management of Friendship Cities', 27 May 2005, available online at http://www.cdcity.gov.cn/cdswqb/1298162592589545472/ 20050907/66395.html.
35. See the China Radio International website, http://gb.cri.cn/other/ zhongfei/05.htm, accessed on 6 April 2010.
36. See Chen, 'Coastal Provinces and China's Foreign Policy', pp. 187-208.
37. 'Kun-Man Gonglu Qianshijinsheng' [The Past and Present of Kunming-Bangkok Highway], Yunnan Xinxi Bao [Yunnan Information Daily], 1 April 2008.
38. Peter T.Y. Cheung and James T.H. Tang, 'The External Relations of China's Provinces', in David M. Lampton (ed.), The Making of Chinese Foreign and Security Policy in the Era of Reform, 1978-2000 (Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 105.
39. Cheung and Tang, 'The External Relations of China's Provinces', pp. 106-107.
40. Che Xiaohui, Li Jia and Li Qian, 'Fazhanzhong zuojia dui wo fanqingxiao zengduo, jiji yingsu shi yingdui zhidao' [Facing Growing Anti-dumping Cases from the Developing Countries, Proactive Response is the Way to Deal with Them], Xinhua News Agency, 9 July 2006, available online at http://news.xinhuanet. com/newscenter/2006-07/09/content-4809283.htm.
41. Xinhua News Agency, 'Restrict Textile Exports to South Africa', China Daily, 22 June 2006. However, the South African government imposed an import quota system a few months later, before the Chinese government took its own measures.
42. Beijing Qingnian bao [Beijing Youth Daily], 24 May 2002.
43. Jingji Guancha Bao [Economic Observer Weekly], 30 April 2008.
44. Website of China's Ministry of Commerce, 'Quanguo chuli jingwai jiufen ji tufa shijiandianshi dianhua huiyi zhaokai' [The Nation held TV and Phone Conference on Coping with Overseas Disputes and Abrupt Incidents], 11 June 2008, available online at http://chinca.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/zhongyswhd/ 200806/20080605595539.html.
45. Interview with Dr Karim Bathily of the Embassy of the Republic of Senegal in China, 11 September 2008.