Effect of storage time at -20°C on markers used for assessment of renal damage in children: Albumin, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and α1-microglobulin

Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 331-336

  Trachtenberg, Felicia ^a   Barregard, Lars ^b  

^a NEW ENGLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTES   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

GT; A1M; Albumin; Children; NAG; Renal markers; Storage

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ALPHA 1 MICROGLOBULIN; CREATININE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; N ACETYL BETA GLUCOSAMINIDASE;

ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHILD; DISEASE MARKER; FEMALE; HUMAN; KIDNEY FUNCTION; KIDNEY INJURY; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STATISTICAL MODEL; STORAGE;

ACETYLGLUCOSAMINIDASE; ALBUMINURIA; ALPHA-GLOBULINS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CHILD; CREATININE; FEMALE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; MALE; REFRIGERATION; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 77958503614     PISSN: 00365599     EISSN: 16512065     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2010.492785     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. World Health Organization. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 50. Elemental mercury and inorganic mercury compounds: human health aspects. Geneva: WHO; 2003.
2. Cardenas A, Roels H, Bernard AM, Barbon R, Buchet JP, Lauwerys RR, et al. Markers of early renal changes induced by industrial pollutants. I. Application to workers exposed to mercury vapour. Br J Ind Med 1993;50:17-27. (Pubitemid 23030200)
3. Erman A, Rabinov M, Rosenfeld J. Albumin determination in frozen urines-underestimated results. Clin Chim Acta 1988;174:255-261
4. Elving LD, Bakkeren JA, Jansen MJ, de Kat Angelino CM, de Nobel E, van Munster PJ. Screening for microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus: frozen storage of urine samples decreases their albumin content. Clin Chem 1989; 35:308-310
5. Giampietro O, Penno G, Clerico A, Cruschelli L, Cecere M. How and how long to store urine samples before albumin radioimmunoassay: a practical response. Clin Chem 1993; 39:533-536
6. Hara F, Nakazato K, Shiba K, Shimoda J, Kojima T, Fukumura Y, et al. Studies of diabetic nephropathy. I. Effects of storage time and temperature on microalbuminuria. Biol Pharm Bull 1994;17:1241-1245
7. MacNeil ML, Mueller PW, Caudill SP, Steinberg KK. Considerations when measuring urinary albumin: precision, substances that may interfere, and conditions for sample storage. Clin Chem 1991;37:2120-2123
8. Manley SE, Burton ME, Fisher KE, Cull CA, Turner RC. Decreases in albumin/creatinine and N-acetylglucosaminidase/ creatinine ratios in urine samples stored at 20 degrees C. Clin Chem 1992;38:2294-2299
9. Schultz CJ, Dalton RN, Turner C, Neil HA, Dunger DB. Freezing method affects the concentration and variability of urine proteins and the interpretation of data on microalbuminuria. The Oxford Regional Prospective Study Group. Diabet Med 2000;17:7-14.
10. Brinkman JW, de Zeeuw D, Duker JJ, Gansevoort RT, Kema IP, Hillege HL, et al. Falsely low urinary albumin concentrations after prolonged frozen storage of urine samples. Clin Chem 2005;51:2181-2183
11. Osberg I, Chase HP, Garg SK, DeAndrea A, Harris S, Hamilton R, et al. Effects of storage time and temperature on measurement of small concentrations of albumin in urine. Clin Chem 1990;36:1428-1430
12. Shield JP, Hunt LP, Morgan JE, Pennock CA. Are frozen urine samples acceptable for estimating albumin excretion in research? Diabet Med 1995;12:713-716
13. Lamb E, Dawnay A. Effects of sample preparation and storage on urine albumin determination. Ann Clin Biochem 1989;26:560-562
14. Collins AC, Sethi M, MacDonald FA, Brown D, Viberti GC. Storage temperature and differing methods of sample preparation in the measurement of urinary albumin. Diabetologia 1993;36:993-997
15. Klasen IS, Reichert LJ, de Kat Angelino CM, Wetzels JF. Quantitative determination of low and high molecular weight proteins in human urine: influence of temperature and storage time. Clin Chem 1999;45:430-432
16. Tencer J, Thysell H, Andersson K, Grubb A. Long-term stability of albumin, protein HC, immunoglobulin G, kappaand lambda-chain-immunoreactivity, orosomucoid and alpha 1-antitrypsin in urine stored at 20 degrees C. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1997;31:67-71.
17. Tencer J, Thysell H, Andersson K, Grubb A. Stability of albumin, protein HC, immunoglobulin G, kappa-and lambda-chain immunoreactivity, orosomucoid and alpha 1-antitrypsin in urine stored at various conditions. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994;54:199-206.
18. Matteucci E, Gregori G, Pellegrini L, Navalesi R, Giampietro O. Effects of storage time and temperature on urinary enzymes. Clin Chem 1991;37(8):1436-1441
19. Loeb WF, Das SR, Trout JR. The effect of erythritol on the stability of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and N-acetyl glucosaminidase in human urine. Toxicol Pathol 1997;25:264-267
20. Matteucci E, Gregori G, Pellegrini L, Navalesi R, Giampietro O. How can storage time and temperature affect enzymic activities in urines? Enzyme 1991;45:116-120
21. Matteucci E, Pellegrini L, Uncini-Manganelli C, Cecere M, Saviozzi M, Giampietro O. More on effects of storage time and temperature on urinary enzymes: a 1-year study. Enzyme 1992;46:249-251
22. Bellinger DC, Trachtenberg F, Barregard L, Tavares M, Cernichiari E, Daniel D, et al. Neuropsychological and renal effects of dental amalgam in children: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2006;295:1775-1783
23. The Children's Amalgam Trial: design and methods. Control Clin Trials 2003;24:795-814.
24. Jarup L, Hellstrom L, Alfven T, Carlsson MD, Grubb A, Persson B, et al. Low level exposure to cadmium and early kidney damage: the OSCAR study. Occup Environ Med 2000;57:668-672
25. Trachtenberg F, Barregard L, McKinlay S. The influence of urinary flow rate in children on excretion of markers used for assessment of renal damage: albumin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and alpha1-microglobulin. Pediatr Nephrol 2008;23:445-456
26. Sviridov D, Drake SK, Hortin GL. Reactivity of urinary albumin (microalbumin) assays with fragmented or modified albumin. Clin Chem 2008;54:61-68