The premature infant pain profile: Evaluation 13 years after development

Clinical Journal of Pain

Volumn 26, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 813-830

  Stevens, Bonnie ^a   Johnston, Céleste ^b   Taddio, Anna ^a,c   Gibbins, Sharyn ^a,d   Yamada, Janet ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^c SUNNYBROOK RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^d MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

clinical utility; evaluation; Premature Infant Pain Profile; reliability; validation

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; LIDOCAINE; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; PARACETAMOL; PLACEBO; PROXYMETACAINE; REMIFENTANIL; SUCROSE; TETRACAINE;

CINAHL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; EMBASE; FEASIBILITY STUDY; HUMAN; INFANT; LOADING DRUG DOSE; MEDLINE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PREMATURE INFANT PAIN PROFILE; PREMATURITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCINFO; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VALIDATION STUDY;

EID: 77958497303     PISSN: 07498047     EISSN: 15365409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181ed1070     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Craig KD, Korol CT, Pillai Riddell R. Challenges of judging pain in vulnerable infants. Clin Perinatol. 2002;29:445-457.
2. Johnston C, Aita M, Campbell-Yeo M, et al. The social and environmental context in which pain is experienced in neonates. In: Anand K, Stevens B, McGrath P, eds. Pain in Neonates. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007.
3. Melzack R, Wall P. The Challenge of Pain. London: Penguin; 1996.
4. Stevens B, Johnston C, Petryshen P, et al. Premature infant pain profile: development and initial validation. Clin J Pain. 1996;12:13-22.
5. Ballantyne M, Stevens B, McAllister M, et al. Validation of the premature infant pain profile in the clinical setting. Clin J Pain. 1999;15:297-303.
6. McNair C, Ballantyne M, Dionne K, et al. Postoperative pain assessment in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal. 2004;89:F537-F541.
7. Taddio A, Shah V, Hancock R, et al. Effectiveness of sucrose analgesia in newborns undergoing painful medical procedures. CMAJ. 2008;179:37-43.
8. Drendel AL, Brousseau DC, Gorelick MH. Pain assessment for pediatric patients in the emergency department. Pediatrics. 2006;117:1511-1518.
9. Duhn LJ, Medves JM. A systematic integrative review of infant pain assessment tools. Adv Neonatal Care. 2004;4: 126-140.
10. Stevens B, Pillai Riddell R, Oberlander T, et al. Assessment of pain in neonates and infants. In: Anand K, Stevens B, McGrath P, eds. Pain in Neonates and Infants. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2007:67-90.
11. Van Dijk M, Peters JWB, Bouwmeester NJ, et al. Are postoperative pain instruments useful for specific groups of vulnerable infants? Clin Perinatol. 2002;29:469-491.
12. Prechtl HF. The behavioural states of the newborn infant (a review). Brain Res. 1974;76:185-212.
13. Grunau R. Neonatal responses to invasive procedures. Nurs Times. 1991;87:53-54.
14. Grunau RV, Johnston CC, Craig KD. Neonatal facial and cry responses to invasive and non-invasive procedures. Pain. 1990;42:295-305.
15. Stevens BJ, Johnston CC. Physiological responses of prema-ture infants to a painful stimulus. Nurs Res. 1994;43:226-231.
16. Stevens BJ, Johnston CC, Horton L. Factors that influence the behavioral pain responses of premature infants. Pain. 1994;59: 101-109.
17. Johnston CC, Stevens BV, Yang F, et al. Differential response to pain of very premature infants. Pain. 1995;61:471-479.
18. Belini F, Johnston CC, Faucher D, et al. Topical anesthesia during circumcision in newborn infants. JAMA. 1993;270: 850-853.
19. Bartocci M, Bergqvist LL, Lagercrantz H, et al. Pain activates cortical areas in the preterm newborn brain. Pain. 2006;122:109-117.
20. Slater R, Cantarella A, Gallella S, et al. Cortical pain responses in human infants. J Neurosci. 2006;26:3662-3666.
21. Slater R, Cantarella A, Franck L, et al. How well do clinical pain assessment tools reflect pain in infants? PLoS Med. 2008;5:e129.
22. Johnston CC, Stevens BJ, Franck LS, et al. Factors explaining lack of response to heel stick in preterm newborns. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1999;28:587-594.
23. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials. 1996;17:1-12.
24. Streiner DL, Norman GR. Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008.
25. Johnston CC. Psychometric issues in measurement of pain in children. In: McGrath PJ, Finley GA, eds. Measurement of Pain in Children. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1998:5-20.
26. Taddio A, Shah V, Katz J. Reduced infant response to routine care procedure after sucrose analgesia. Pediatrics. 2009;23: e425-e429.27.
27. Ahn Y. The relationship between behavioral states and pain responses to various NICU procedures in premature infants. J Trop Pediatr. 2006;52:201-205.
28. Ahn Y, Jun Y. Measurement of pain-like response to various NICU stimulants for high-risk infants. Early Hum Dev. 2007;83:255-262.
29. Cignacco E, Mueller R, Hamers JPH, et al. Pain assessment in the neonate using the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2004;78:125-131.
30. Eriksson M, Storm H, Fremming A, et al. Skin conductance compared to a combined behavioural and physiological pain measure in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97: 27-30.
31. Evans JC, McCartney EM, Lawhon G, et al. Longitudinal comparison of preterm pain responses to repeated heelsticks. Pediatr Nurs. 2005;31:216-221.
32. Hummel P, Puchalski M, Creech SD, et al. Clinical reliability and validity of the N-PASS: neonatal pain, agitation and sedation scale with prolonged pain. J Perinatol. 2008;28: 55-60.
33. Johnston C, Sherrard A, Stevens B, et al. Do cry features reflect pain intensity in preterm infants? A preliminary study. Biol Neonate. 1999;76:120-124.
34. Stevens B, Johnston C, Taddio A, et al. Management of pain from heel lance in preterm infants with lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream: is safe and effective? J Dev Behav Pediatr 1999;20:216-221.
35. Jonsdottir RB, Kristjansdottir G. The sensitivity of the premature infant pain profile-PIPP to measure pain in hospitalized neonates. J Eval Clin Pract. 2005;11:598-605.
36. Norman M, Schiott J, Akerstrom S, et al. Blood glucose testing at alternate sites in newborn infants. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94:1427-1431.
37. Vederhus BJ, Eide GE, Natvig GK. Psychometric testing of a norwegian version of the premature infant pain profile: an acute pain assessment tool. A clinical validation study. Int J Nurs Pract. 2006;12:334-344.
38. Walden M, Penticuff JH, Stevens B, et al. Maturational changes in physiologic and behavioral responses of preterm neonates to pain. Adv Neonatal Care. 2001;1:94-106.
39. Lemyre B, Hogan DL, Gaboury I, et al. How effective is tetracaine 4% gel, before a venipuncture, in reducing procedural pain in infants: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. BMC Pediatr. 2007;7:7.
40. Lemyre B, Sherlock R, Hogan D, et al. How effective is tetracaine 4% gel, before a peripherally inserted central catheter, in reducing procedural pain in infants: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial (ISRCTN75884221). BMC Med. 2006;4:11.
41. Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35:382-385.
42. Carbajal R, Lenclen R, Jugie M, et al. Morphine does not provide adequate analgesia for acute procedural pain among preterm neonates. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1494-1500.
43. Eriksson M, Finnstrom O. Can daily repeated doses of orally administered glucose induce tolerance when given for neonatal pain relief? Acta Paediatr. 2004;93:246-249.
44. Gradin M, Schollin J. The role of endogenous opioids in mediating pain reduction by orally administered glucose among newborns. Pediatrics. 2005;115:1004-1007.
45. Gibbins S, Stevens B, Hodnett E, et al. Efficacy and safety of sucrose for procedural pain relief in preterm and term neonates. Nurs Res. 2002;51:375-382.
46. Johnston CC, Stremler R, Horton L, et al. Effect of repeated doses of sucrose during heel stick procedure in preterm neonates. Biol Neonate. 1999;75:160-166.
47. Johnston CC, Filion F, Campbell-Yeo M, et al. Kangaroo mother care diminishes pain from heel lance in very preterm neonates: a crossover trial. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8:13.
48. Johnston CC, Filion F, Campbell-Yeo M, et al. Enhanced kangaroo mother care for heel lance in preterm neonates: a cross over trial. J Perinatol. 2009;29:51-56.
49. Stevens B, Johnston C, Franck L, et al. The efficacy of developmentally sensitive interventions and sucrose for reliev-ing procedural pain in very low birth weight neonates. Nurs Res 1999;48:35-43.
50. Stevens B, Yamada J, Beyene J, et al. Consistent management of repeated procedural pain with sucrose in preterm neonates: is it effective and safe for repeated use over time? Clin J Pain 2005;21:543-548.
51. Bauer K, Ketteler J, Hellwig M, et al. Oral glucose before venepuncture relieves neonates of pain, but stress is still evidenced by increase in oxygen consumption, energy expen-diture, and heart rate. Pediatr Res. 2004;55:695-700.
52. Carbajal R, Veerapen S, Couderc S, et al. Analgesic effect of breast feeding in term neonates: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2003;326:13.
53. Gradin M, Eriksson M, Holmqvist G, et al. Pain reduction at venipuncture in newborns: oral glucose compared with local anesthetic cream. Pediatrics. 2002;110:1053-1057.
54. Gradin M, Finnstrom O, Schollin J. Feeding and oral glucose-additive effects on pain reduction in newborns. Early Hum Dev. 2004;77:57-65.
55. Gal P, Kissling GE, Young WO, et al. Efficacy of sucrose to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39: 1029-1033. (Pubitemid 40695968)
56. Marsh VA, Young WO, Dunaway KK, et al. Efficacy of topical anesthetics to reduce pain in premature infants during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Pharmacother. 2005;39:829-833.
57. Mitchell A, Stevens B, Mungan N, et al. Analgesic effects of oral sucrose and pacifier during eye examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. Pain Manage Nurs. 2004;5: 160-168.
58. Ballantyne M, McNair C, Ung E, et al. A randomized control trial evaluating the efficacy of tetracaine gel for pain relief from peripherally inserted central catheters in infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2003;3:297-307.
59. Lago P, Tiozzo C, Boccuzzo G, et al. Remifentanil for percutaneous intravenous central catheter placement in pre-term infant: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18:736-744.
60. Anand KJ, Barton BA, McIntosh N, et al. Analgesia and sedation in preterm neonates who require ventilatory support: results from the NOPAIN trial. Neonatal Outcome and Prolonged Analgesia in Neonates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:331-338.
61. Cignacco E, Hamers JP, Van Lingen RA, et al. Pain reliefin ventilated preterm infants during endotracheal suctioning: a randomized controlled trial. Swiss Med Wkly. 2008;138: 635-645.
62. Simons SHP, Van Dijk M, Van Lingen RA, et al. Routine morphine infusion in preterm newborns who received ventila-tory support: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2003;290: 2419-2427.
63. South MMT, Strauss RA, South AP, et al. The use of non-nutritive sucking to decrease the physiologic pain response during neonatal circumcision: a randomized controlled trial. Am JObstet Gynecol. 2005;193:537-542.
64. Nahum Y, Tenebaum A, Isaiah W, et al. Effect of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) for pain relief during suprapubic aspiration in young infants: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin J Pain. 2007;23:756-759.
65. Warnock F, Lander J. Foundations of knowledge about neonatal pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004;27: 170-179.
66. Von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ. Systematic review of observa-tional (behavioral) measures of pain for children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years. Pain. 2007;127:140-150.
67. Powell CV, Kelly AM, Williams A. Determining the minimum clinically significant difference in visual analog pain score for children. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37:28-31.
68. Rowbotham MC. What is a "clinically meaningful" reduction in pain? Pain. 2001;94:131-132.
69. Shah V, Ipp M, Sam J, et al. Eliciting the Minimally Clinically Important Difference in the Pain Response From Parents of Newborn Infants and Nurses. Canadian Pediatric Society 81st Meeting. Montreal, Quebec: Pulsus Group; 2004.
70. Krechel SW, Bildner J. CRIES: a new neonatal postoperative pain measurement score. Initial testing of validity and reliability. Paediatr Anaesth. 1995;5:53-61.
71. Schiller C. Clinical Utility of Two Neonatal Pain Assessment Measures. Toronto: University of Toronto; 1999.
72. Stevens B, Gibbins S. Clinical utility and clinical significance in the assessment and management of pain in vulnerable infants. Clin Perinatol. 2002;29:459-468.
73. Pillai Riddell R, Racine N. Assessing pain in infancy: the caregiver context. Pain Res Manag. 2009;14:27-32.
74. Carbajal R, Paupe A, Hoenn E, et al. APN: evaluation behavioral scale of acute pain in newborn infants. Arch Pediatr. 1997;4:623-628.
75. Bellieni CV, Bagnoli F, Perrone S, et al. Effect of multisensory stimulation on analgesia in term neonates: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Res. 2002;51:460-463.
76. Carbajal R, Lenclen R, Gajdos V, et al. Crossover trial of analgesic efficacy of glucose and pacifier in very preterm neonates during subcutaneous injections. Pediatrics. 2002;110(2 Pt 1):389-393.
77. Warnock F, Sandrin D. Comprehensive description of new-born distress behavior in response to acute pain (newborn male circumcision). Pain. 2004;107:242-255.
78. Storm H. Development of emotional sweating in preterms measured by skin conductance changes. Early Hum Dev. 2001;62:149-158. (Pubitemid 32237248)
79. Barr GR. Reflections on measuring pain in infants: disassocia-tion in responsive systems and "honest signaling". Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1998;79:152-156.
80. Gibbins S, Maddalena P, Yamada J, et al. Testing the satisfaction and feasibility of a computer-based teaching module in the neonatal intensive care unit. Adv Neonatal Care. 2007;7:43-49.
81. Frank L, Bruce E. Putting pain assessment into practice: why is it so painful? Pain Res Manage. 2009;14:13-20.