The role of body-related self-conscious emotions in motivating women's physical activity

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 417-437

  Sabiston, Catherine M ^a   Brunet, Jennifer ^a   Kowalski, Kent C ^b   Wilson, Philip M ^c   Mack, Diane E ^c   Crocker, Peter R E ^d  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

^c BROCK UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Physical self; Self conscious emotions; Self determination theory; Women's health

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BODY IMAGE; CANADA; CONTROL; EMOTION; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GUILT; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; MOTIVATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; SHAME; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; BODY IMAGE; CANADA; EMOTIONS; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GUILT; HUMANS; INTERNAL-EXTERNAL CONTROL; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; MOTIVATION; SHAME; WOMEN'S HEALTH;

EID: 77958195734     PISSN: 08952779     EISSN: 15432904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.32.4.417     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Barrett, K.C. (1995). A functionalist approach to shame and guilt. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 25-63). New York: Guilford.
2. Bartlett, M.Y., & DeSteno, D. (2006). Gratitude and prosocial behavior: Helping when it costs you. Psychological Science, 17, 319-325.
3. Brunet, J., & Sabiston, C.M. (2009). Social physique anxiety and physical activity: A Selfdetermination theory perspective. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 329-336.
4. Byrne, B.M. (1998). Structural equation modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Cheung, G.W., & Rensvold, R.B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
6. Conradt, M., Dierk, J., Schlumberger, P., Rauh, E., Hebebrand, J., & Rief, W. (2007). Development of the Weight- and Body-Related Shame and Guilt scale (WEB-SG) in a nonclinical sample of obese individuals. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 317-327.
7. Craig, C.L., & Cameron, C. (2004). Increasing physical activity: Assessing trends from 1998-2003. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute.
8. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
9. Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2002). Handbook of self-determination. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester.
10. Deforche, B.I., De Bourdeaudhuij, I.M., & Tanghe, A.P. (2006). Attitude toward physical activity in normal weight, overweight and obese adolescents. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 560-568.
11. Eagly, A.H., Ashmore, R.D., Makhijani, M.G., & Longo, L.C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109-128.
12. Edmunds, J., Ntoumanis, N., & Duda, J.L. (2006). A test of Self-determination theory in the exercise domain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 2240-2265.
13. Ekkekakis, P., & Petruzzello, S.J. (1999). Acute aerobic exercise and affect: Current status, problems, and prospects regarding dose-response. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 28, 337-374.
14. Fischer, K.W., & Tangney, J.P. (1995). Self-conscious emotions and the affect revolution: Framework and overview. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 3-22). New York: Guilford.
15. Fox, K.R. (1997). The physical self and processes in self-esteem development. In K.R. Fox (Ed.), The physical self: From motivation to well-being (pp. 111-140). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
16. Fox, K.R. (2000). The effects of exercise on self-perceptions and self-esteem. In S. Biddle, K.R. Fox, & S. Boutcher (Eds.), Physical activity and psychological well-being (pp. 88-117). New York, NY: Routledge.
17. Fredrickson, B.L., & Roberts, T.A. (1997). Objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206.
18. Georgiadis, M., Biddle, S., & Chatzisarantis, N. (2001). The mediating role of self-determination in the relationship between goal orientations and physical self-worth in Greek exercisers. European Journal of Sport Science, 1, 1-9.
19. Gilbert, P. (2002). Body shame: A biospychosocial conceptualization and overview, with treatment implications. In P. Gilbert & J. Miles (Eds.), Body shame: Conceptualization, research, and treatment (pp. 3-54). New York: Brunner-Routledge.
20. Gillison, F., Osborn, M., Standage, M., & Skevington, S. (2009). Exploring the experience of introjected regulation for exercise across gender in adolescence. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 309-319.
21. Gillison, F., Standage, M., & Skevington, S. (2006). Relationships among adolescents' weight perceptions, exercise motivation, quality of life and leisure-time exercise behavior: a Self-determination theory approach. Health Education Research, 21, 836-847.
22. Godin, G., & Shephard, R.J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behaviour in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 10, 141-146.
23. Grogan, S. (2008). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women, and children. New York, NY: Psychology.
24. Hagger, M. (2009). Theoretical integration in health psychology: Unifying ideas and complementary explanations. British Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 189-194.
25. Hart, E.A., Leary, M.R., & Rejeski, W.J. (1989). The measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 94-104.
26. Haskell, W.L., Lee, I., Pate, R.R., Powell, K.E., Blair, S.N., Franklin, B.A., et al. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 1423-1434.
27. Holmbeck, G.N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psychology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599-610.
28. Hu, L., & Bentler, P.M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
29. Izard, C.E., Ackerman, B.P., & Schultz, D. (1999). Independent emotions and consciousness: Self-consciousness and dependent emotions. In J.A. Singer & P. Salovey (Eds.), At play in the fields of consciousness: Essays in honor of Jerome L. Singer. (pp. 83-102). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
30. Jöreskog, K.G., & Sörbom, D. (2007). Lisrel (Version 8.80). Structural equation modeling [computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
31. Lazarus, R.S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer.
32. Lewis, H.B. (1971). Shame and guilt in neurosis. New York: International University Press.
33. Lewis, M. (2000). Self-conscious emotions: Embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt. In M. Lewis & J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 623-636). New York: Guilford.
34. Lutwak, N., Panish, J., & Ferrari, J. (2003). Shame and guilt: characterological vs. behavioral self-blame and their relationship to fear of intimacy. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 909-916.
35. Mack, D.E., Strong, H.A., Kowalski, K.C., & Crocker, P.R.E. (2006). Self-presentational motives in eating disordered behavior: A known group difference approach. Eating Behaviors, 8, 98-105.
36. Markland, D. (2007). The golden rule that there are no golden rules: A commentary on Paul Barrett's recommendations for reporting model fit in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 851-858.
37. Markland, D., & Tobin, V. (2004). A modification of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 26, 191-196.
38. Martin-Ginis, K.A., & Leary, M.R. (2004). A self-presentational approach to understanding health damaging behavior. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 59-74.
39. McDonough, M.H., & Crocker, P.R.E. (2007). Testing self-determined motivation as a mediator between psychological needs and affective and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 645-663.
40. McHugh, T.L., Kowalski, K.C., Mack, D.E., Crocker, P.R.E., Junkin, S.E., Lejbak, L.K., et al. (2008). Young women's experiences of social physique anxiety. Feminism & Psychology, 18, 231-252.
41. Mullan, E., Markland, D., & Ingledew, D.K. (1997). A graded conceptualisation of selfdetermination in the regulation of exercise behaviour: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 745-752.
42. Orth, U., Berking, M., & Burkhardt, S. (2006). Self-conscious emotions and depression: Rumination explains why shame but not guilt is maladaptive. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1608-1619.
43. Pelletier, L.G., & Dion, S.C. (2007). An examination of general and specific motivational mechanisms for the relations between body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 303-333.
44. Pelletier, L.G., Dion, S.C., Slovinec-D'Angelo, M., & Reid, R. (2004). Why do you regulate what you eat? Relationships between forms of regulation, eating behaviors, sustained dietary behavior change, and psychological adjustment. Motivation and Emotion, 28, 245-277.
45. Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-56.
46. Sabiston, C.M., McDonough, M.H., Sedgwick, W.A., & Crocker, P.R.E. (2009). Muscle gains and emotional strains: Conflicting experiences of change among overweight women participating in an exercise intervention program. Qualitative Health Research, 19, 466-480.
47. Sabiston, C.M., Sedgwick, W.A., Crocker, P.R.E., Kowalski, K.C., & Mack, D.E. (2007). Social physique anxiety in adolescents: an examination of influences, coping strategies and health behaviours. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 78-101.
48. Salovey, P., Rothman, A.J., Detweiler, J.B., & Steward, W.T. (2000). Emotional states and physical health. The American Psychologist, 55, 110-121.
49. Schmidt, M., Cleland, V., Thomson, R., Dwyer, T., & Venn, A. (2008). A comparison of subjective and objective measures of physical activity and fitness in identifying associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Annals of Epidemiology, 18, 378-386.
50. Sherwood, N.E., & Jeffery, R.W. (2000). The behavioral determinants of exercise: Implications for physical activity interventions. Annual Review of Nutrition, 20, 21-44.
51. Standage, M., Sebire, S.J., & Loney, T. (2008). Does exercise motivation predict engagement in objectively assessed bouts of moderate-intensity exercise? A Self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 337-352.
52. Stipek, D. (1995). The development of pride and shame in toddlers. In J.P. Tangney & K.W. Fischer (Eds.), Self-conscious emotions: The psychology of shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride (pp. 237-252). New York: Guilford.
53. Tangney, J.P. (1996). Conceptual and methodological issues in the assessment of shame and guilt. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 741-754.
54. Tangney, J.P. (1998). How does guilt differ from shame? In J. Bybee (Ed.), Guilt and children (pp. 1-17). San Diego: Academic.
55. Tangney, J.P., & Dearing, R.L. (2002). Shame and Guilt. New York: Guilford.
56. Tangney, J.P., Miller, R.S., Flicker, L., & Barlow, D.H. (1996). Are shame, guilt, and embarrassment distinct emotions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1256-1269.
57. Tangney, J.P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D.J. (2007). What's moral about the self-conscious emotions? In J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, & J.P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 21-38). New York: Guilford.
58. Tangney, J.P., Wagner, P., & Gramzow, R. (1992). Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 669-675.
59. Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., & Ntoumanis, N. (2007). A Self-determination theory approach to the study of body image concerns, self-presentation and self-perceptions in a sample of aerobic instructors. Journal of Health Psychology, 12, 301-315.
60. Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., & Ntoumanis, N. (2006). The role of self-determined motivation in the understanding of exercise-related behaviours, cognitions, and physical selfevaluations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 393-404.
61. Thompson, K., Heinberg, L., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, method, and treatment of body image disturbance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
62. Tracy, J.L., Cheng, J., Robins, R.W., & Trzesniewski, K. (2009). Authentic and hubristic pride: The affective core of self-esteem and narcissism. Self and Identity, 8, 196-213.
63. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2004). Putting the self into self-conscious emotions: A theoretical model. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 103-125.
64. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2006). Appraisal antecedents of shame and guilt: Support for a theoretical model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1339-1351.
65. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2007a). The nature of pride. In J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, & J.P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 263-282). New York: Guilford.
66. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2007b). The psychological structure of pride: a tale of two facets. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 506-525.
67. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2007c). The self in self-conscious emotions: A cognitive appraisal approach. In J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, & J.P. Tangney (Eds.), The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research (pp. 3-20). New York: Guilford.
68. Warburton, D.E.R., Nicol, C.W., & Bredin, S.S.D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174(6), 801-809.
69. White, P., Young, K., & Gillet, J. (1995). Bodywork as a moral imperative: Some critical notes on health and fitness. Society and Leisure, 18, 159-181.
70. Williams, L.A., & DeSteno, D. (2008). Pride and perseverance: the motivational role of pride. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 1007-1017.
71. Wilson, P.M., & Rodgers, W.M. (2002). The relationship between exercise motives and physical self-esteem in female exercise participants: an application of self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 7, 30-43.
72. Wilson, P.M., & Rodgers, W.M. (2004). The relationship between perceived autonomy support, exercise regulations and behavioral intentions in women. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 229-242.
73. Wilson, P.M., & Rodgers, W.M. (2007). Self-determination theory, exercise, and well-being. In M. Hagger & N. Chatzisarantis (Eds.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 101-112). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
74. Wilson, P.M., Rodgers, W.M., Blanchard, C.M., & Gessell, J. (2003). The relationship between psychological needs, self-determined motivation, exercise attitudes, and physical fitness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 2373-2392.
75. Wilson, P.M., Rodgers, W.M., & Fraser, S.N. (2002). Examining the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 6, 1-21.
76. Wilson, P.M., Rodgers, W.M., Fraser, S.N., & Murray, T.C. (2004). Relationships between exercise regulations and motivational consequences in university students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 75, 81-91.
77. Wilson, P.M., Rodgers, W.M., Loitz, C.C., & Scime, G. (2006). "It's who I am Really!"The importance of integrated regulation in exercise contexts. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 11, 79-104.
78. Woodman, T., Davis, P.A., Hardy, L., Callow, N., Glasscock, I., & Yuill-Proctor, J. (2009). Emotions and sport performance: An exploration of happiness, hope, and anger. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 169-188.