A test of self-determination theory in the exercise domain

Journal of Applied Social Psychology

Volumn 36, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 2240-2265

  Edmunds, Jemma ^a   Ntoumanis, Nikos ^b   Duda, Joan L ^b  

^a Institute for Clean Growth and Future Mobility   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33746900025     PISSN: 00219029     EISSN: 15591816     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00102.x     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator - mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
2. Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497-529.
3. Belsley, D. A. (1991). Conditioning diagnostics: Collinearity and weak data in regression. New York: Wiley.
4. Belsley, D. A., Kuh, E., & Welsch, R. E. (1980). Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. New York: Wiley.
5. Biddle, J. H., & Mutrie, N. (2001). Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being, and interventions. New York: Routledge.
6. deCharms, R. (1968). Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior. New York: Academic Press.
7. Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.
8. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
9. Deci, E. L., Eghrari, H., Patrick, B. C., & Leone, D. (1994). Facilitating internalization: The self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119-142.
10. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
11. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1990). A motivational approach to the self: Integration in personality. In R. Dienstbier (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Perspectives on motivation (Vol. 38, pp. 237-288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
12. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
13. Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former Eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 930-942.
14. Department of Health. (2004). Choosing health? Choosing activity: A consultation on how to increase physical activity. London, UK: Department of Health/Department of Culture Media and Sport.
15. Faul, F., & Erdfelder, E. (1992). GPOWER: A priori, post hoc, and compromise power analyses for MS DOS (computer program). Bonn, Germany: Bonn University, Department of Psychology.
16. Frederick, C. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16, 124-146.
17. Frederick-Recascino, C. M. (2002). Self-determination theory and participation motivation research in the sport and exercise domain. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 277-294). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
18. Gagné, M., Ryan, R., & Bargmann, K. (2003). Autonomy support and need satisfaction in the motivation and well-being of gymnasts. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 15, 372-390.
19. Godin, G., & Shepard, R. J. (1985). A simple method to assess exercise behavior in the community. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science, 10, 141-146.
20. Jacobs, D. R., Ainsworth, B. E., Hartman, T. J., & Leon, A. S. (1993). A simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 81-91.
21. Kasser, T., Davey, J., & Ryan, R. M. (1992). Motivation and employee - supervisor discrepancies in a psychiatric vocational rehabilitation setting. Rehabilitation Psychology, 37, 175-187.
22. Koestner, R., & Losier, G. F. (2002). Distinguishing three ways of being internally motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 101-121). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
23. Koestner, R., Losier, G. F., Vallerand, R. J., & Carducci, D. (1996). Identified and introjected forms of political internalization: Extending self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1025-1036.
24. Losier, G. F., & Koestner, R. (1999). Intrinsic versus identified regulation in distinct political campaigns: T1he consequences following politics for pleasure versus personal meaningfulness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 287-298.
25. Markland, D., & Tobin, V. (2004). A modification of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26, 191-196.
26. McAuley, E., Duncan, T., & Tammen, V. V. (1989). Psychometric properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory in a competitive sport setting: A confirmatory factor analysis. Research Quarterly for Sport and Exercise, 60, 48-58.
27. Mullan, E., & Markland, D. (1997). Variations in self-determination across the stages of change for exercise in adults. Motivation and Emotion, 21, 349-362.
28. Mullan, E., Markland, D., & Ingledew, D. K. (1997). A graded conceptualization of self-determination in the regulation of exercise behavior: Development of a measure using confirmatory factor analytic procedures. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 745-752.
29. Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., et al. (1995). Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273, 402-407.
30. rd ed.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace.
31. Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., & Briere, N. M. (2001). Associations among perceived autonomy support, forms of self-regulation, and persistence: A prospective study. Motivation and Emotion, 25, 279-306.
32. Perrin, B. (1979). Survey of physical activity in the regional municipality of Waterloo. Recreation Research Review, 6, 48-52.
33. Reeve, J. (2002). Self-determination theory applied to educational settings. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 183-203). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
34. Ryan, R. M. (1982). Control and information in the interpersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 450-461.
35. Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397-427.
36. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
37. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166.
38. Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C. M., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 335-354.
39. Sallis, J. F., & Hovell, M. F. (1990). Determinants of exercise behavior. Exercise and Sports Science Reviews, 18, 307-327.
40. Sheldon, KM., Williams, G., & Joiner, T. (2003). Self-determination theory in the clinic: Motivating physical and mental health. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
41. Standage, M., Duda, J. L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2003). A model of contextual motivation in physical education: Using constructs from self-determination theory and achievement goals to predict physical activity intentions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 97-110.
42. th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
43. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (1996). Physical activity and health; A report of the Surgeon General (executive summary). Pittsburgh, PA: Superintendent of Documents.
44. nd ed.). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
45. Vallerand, R. J. (1997). Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 271-360). New York: Academic Press.
46. Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 115-126.
47. Wilson, P. M., & Rodgers, W. M. (2002). The relationship between exercise motives and physical self-esteem in female exercise participants: An application of self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 7, 30-43.
48. Wilson, P. M., & Rodgers, W. M. (2004). The relationship between perceived autonomy support, exercise regulations, and behavioral intentions in women. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 229-242.
49. Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., Blanchard, C. M., & Gessell, J. (2003). The relationship between psychological needs, self-determined motivation, exercise attitudes, and physical fitness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 2373-2392.
50. Wilson, P. M., Rodgers, W. M., & Fraser, S. N. (2002). Examining the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 6, 1-21.
51. World Health Organization. (1995). Exercise for health: WHO/FIMS Committee on Physical Activity for Health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 73, 135-136.