Coupled effects of flow field geometry and diffusion media material structure on evaporative water removal from polymer electrolyte fuel cells

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Volumn 35, Issue 22, 2010, Pages 12329-12340

  Cho, Kyu Taek ^a   Mench, Matthew M ^a  

^a The Pennsylvania State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Diffusion media; Evaporation; Flow field structure; Gas purge; Neutron radiography; Polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Indexed keywords

CHANNEL WIDTHS; COUPLED EFFECT; EX SITU; FIELD GEOMETRY; FLOW FIELD STRUCTURE; IN-PLANE; IN-SITU; IRREDUCIBLE SATURATION; MATERIAL STRUCTURE; MEMBRANE DURABILITY; PAPER-TYPE; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELL; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS; PURGE TIME; WATER DISTRIBUTIONS; WATER REMOVAL;

DIFFUSION; EVAPORATION; FLOW FIELDS; FUEL CELLS; HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS; NEUTRON EMISSION; NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHY; POLYELECTROLYTES; POLYMERS; RADIOLOGY; WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS;

DEWATERING;

EID: 77958153581     PISSN: 03603199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.07.156     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. N. Yousfi-Steiner, P. Mocoteguy, D. Candusso, D. Hissel, A. Hernandez, and A. Aslanides A review on PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: impacts, influent factors and characterization J Power Sources 183 2008 260 274
2. R. Borup, J. Meyers, B. Pivovar, Y.S. Kim, R. Mukundan, and N. Garland Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation Chem Rev 107 2007 3904 3951
3. W. Schmittinger, and A. Vahidi A review of the main parameters influencing long-term performance and durability of PEM fuel cells J Power Sources 180 2008 1 14
4. F.A.D. Bruijn, V.A.T. Dam, and G.J.M. Janssen Review: durability and degradation issues of PEM fuel cell components Fuel Cells 8 2008 3 22
5. J. St-Pierre, J. Roberts, K. Colbow, S. Campbell, and A. Nelson PEMFC operational and design strategies for sub zero environments J New Mater Electrochem Syst 8 2005 163 176
6. St-Pierre J, Jia N, Geest VD, Atbi A, Hass HR. Methods and apparatus for improving the cold starting capability of a fuel cell. US Patent 7132179B2; 2006.
7. A. Turhan, S. Kim, M. Hatzell, and M.M. Mench Impact of channel wall hydrophobicity on through-plane water distribution and flooding behavior in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell Electrochim Acta 55 2010 2734 2745
8. Barton RH, Uong TD, Schembri CJ, Skinner GA. Fuel cell purging method and apparatus. US Patent 6960401B2; 2005.
9. Yamanashi F. Water purge fuel cell system and method. US Patent 6632552B2; 2003.
10. Sawyer RD. Method for increasing the operational efficiency of a fuel cell power plant. US Patent 6569549B1; 2003.
11. Reiser CA, Yang D, Sawyer RD. Procedure for shutting down a fuel cell system using air purge. US Patent 6858336B2; 2005.
12. Dine LLV, Steinbugler MM, Reiser CA, Scheffler GW. Procedure for shutting down a fuel cell system having an anode exhaust recycle loop. US Patent 6514635B2; 2003.
13. Reiser CA, Yang D, Sawyer RD. Procedure for starting up a fuel cell system using a fuel purge. US Patent 6887599B2; 2005.
14. C.A. Reiser, L. Bregoli, T.W. Patterson, J.S. Yi, J.D. Yang, and M.L. Perry A reverse-current decay mechanism for fuel cells Electrochem Solid-State Lett 8 2005 A273 A276
15. H. Tang, Z. Qi, M. Ramani, and J.F. Elter PEM fuel cell cathode carbon corrosion due to the formation of air/fuel boundary at the anode J Power Sources 158 2006 1306 1312
16. S.-Y. Lee, E. Cho, J.-H. Lee, H.-J. Kim, T.-H. Lim, and I.-H. Oh Effects of purging on the degradation of PEMFCs operating with repetitive on/off cycles J Electrochem Soc 154 2007 B194 B200
17. Q. Guo, and Z. Qi Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the properties and performance of membrane-electrode assemblies J Power Sources 160 2006 1269 1274
18. M. Oszcipok, D. Riemann, U. Kronenwett, M. Kreideweis, and M. Zedda Statistic analysis of operational influences on the cold start behaviour of PEM fuel cells J Power Sources 145 2005 407 415
19. S. He, and M.M. Mench One-dimensional transient model for frost heave in polymer electrolyte fuel cells J Electrochem Soc 153 2006 A1724 A1731
20. S. Kim, and M.M. Mench Physical degradation of membrane electrode assemblies undergoing freeze/thaw cycling: micro-structure effects J Power Sources 174 2007 206 220
21. E. Cho, J.-J. Ko, H.Y. Ha, S.-A. Hong, K.-Y. Lee, and T.-W. Lim Effects of water removal on the performance degradation of PEMFCs repetitively brought to less than 0 °C J Electrochem Soc 151 2004 A661 A665
22. Y. Hishinuma, T. Chikahisa, F. Kagami, and T. Ogawa The design and performance of a PEFC at a temperature below freezing JSME Int J Ser B 47 2004 235 241
23. S. Ge, and C.-Y. Wang Characteristics of subzero startup and water/ice formation on the catalyst layer in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell Electrochim Acta 52 2007 4825 4835
24. J. Hou, H. Yu, S. Zhang, S. Sun, H. Wang, and B. Yi Analysis of PEMFC freeze degradation at -20 °C after gas purging J Power Sources 162 2006 513 520
25. P.K. Sinha, and C.-Y. Wang Gas purge in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell J Electrochem Soc 154 2007 B1158 B1166
26. K. Tajiri, C.-Y. Wang, and Y. Tabuchi Water removal from a PEFC during gas purge Electrochim Acta 53 2008 6337 6343
27. Fuss R. Freeze-protecting a fuel cell by vacuum drying. US Patent 6,358,637B1; 2002.
28. R. Bradean, H. Haas, K. Eggen, C. Richards, and T. Vrba Stack models and designs for improving fuel cell startup from freezing temperatures ECS Trans 3 2006 1159 1168
29. S. Kim, and M.M. Mench Investigation of temperature-driven water transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cell: phase-change-induced flow J Electrochem Soc 156 2009 B353 B362
30. M. Khandelwal, S. Lee, and M.M. Mench Model to predict temperature and capillary pressure driven water transport in PEFCs after shutdown J Electrochem Soc 156 2009 B703 B715
31. K.T. Cho, and M.M. Mench Fundamental characterization of evaporative water removal from fuel cell diffusion media J Power Sources 195 2010 3858 3869
32. K.T. Cho, and M.M. Mench Effect of material properties on evaporative water removal from polymer electrolyte fuel cell diffusion media J Power Sources 195 2010 6748 6757
33. D.L. Wood, J.S. Yi, and T.V. Nguyen Effect of direct liquid water injection and interdigitated flow field on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells Electrochim Acta 43 1998 3795 3809
34. F. Chen, Y.-Z. Wen, H.-S. Chu, W.-M. Yan, and C.-Y. Soong Convenient two-dimensional model for design of fuel channels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells J Power Sources 128 2004 125 134
35. A. Kumar, and R.G. Reddy Effect of channel dimensions and shape in the flow-field distributor on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells J Power Sources 113 2003 11 18
36. H.C. Liu, W.M. Yan, C.Y. Soong, F. Chen, and H.S. Chu Reactant gas transport and cell performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with tapered flow field design J Power Sources 158 2006 78 87
37. A. Turhan, K. Heller, J.S. Brenizer, and M.M. Mench Passive control of liquid water storage and distribution in a PEFC through flow-field design J Power Sources 180 2008 773 783
38. Y.-G. Yoon, W.-Y. Lee, G.-G. Park, T.-H. Yang, and C.-S. Kim Effects of channel configurations of flow field plates on the performance of a PEMFC Electrochim Acta 50 2004 709 712
39. J.J. Kowal, A. Turhan, K. Heller, J. Brenizer, and M.M. Mench Liquid water storage, distribution, and removal from diffusion media in PEFCS J Electrochem Soc 153 2006 A1971 A1978
40. J. Zhang, D. Kramer, R. Shimoi, Y. Ono, E. Lehmann, and A. Wokaun In situ diagnostic of two-phase flow phenomena in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by neutron imaging: part B. Material variations Electrochim Acta 51 2006 2715 2727
41. D.S. Hussey, D.L. Jacobson, M. Arif, J.P. Owejan, J.J. Gagliardo, and T.A. Trabold Neutron images of the through-plane water distribution of an operating PEM fuel cell J Power Sources 172 2007 225 228
42. I. Nitta, T. Hottinen, O. Himanen, and M. Mikkola Inhomogeneous compression of PEMFC gas diffusion layer: part I. Experimental J Power Sources 171 2007 26 36 (Pubitemid 47332960)
43. I. Nitta, S. Karvonen, O. Himanen, and M. Mikkola Modelling the effect of inhomogeneous compression of GDL on local transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell Fuel Cells 8 2008 410 421
44. M.A. Hickner, N.P. Siegel, K.S. Chen, D.S. Hussey, D.L. Jacobson, and M. Arif In situ high-resolution neutron radiography of cross-sectional liquid water profiles in proton exchange membrane fuel cells J Electrochem Soc 155 2008 B427 B434