Cultures of nationalism, movements of reform, and the composite-federal polity from revolutionary settlement to antebellum crisis

Journal of the Early Republic

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-33

  Brooke, John L ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77958061288     PISSN: 02751275     EISSN: 15530620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jer.0.0052     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. "S. D.," "National Feeling," Christian Spectator (New Haven, CT), Nov. 1, 1825, 7: 582.
2. Douglas Bradburn, "The Rise of the States: The Problem of Order and the Making of American Independence," paper presented at the AHA Meeting, Jan. 5, 2008;
3. Johann N. Neem, "Civil Society and American Nationalism, 1776-1865," in Politics and Partnerships: Associations and Nonprofit Organizations in American Governance, ed. Elisabeth Clemens and Doug Guthrie (Chicago, forthcoming);
4. James M. McPherson, "Was Blood Thicker than Water? Ethnic and Civic Nationalism in the American Civil War," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 145 (1999), 102-108;
5. Mitchell Snay, Fenians, Freedmen, and Southern Whites: Race and Nationality in the Era of Reconstruction (Baton Rouge, LA, 2007), 6-10.
6. J. H. Elliot, "A Europe of Composite Monarchies," Past and Present, no. 137 (1992), 48-71 ;
7. H. G. Koenigsberger, "Composite States, Representative Institutions, and the American Revolution," Historical Research 62 (June 1989), 135-54;
8. Anthony Pagden, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain, and France, c. 1500-1800 (New Haven, CT, 1995), esp. 126-55, 178-200;
9. Jack P. Greene, Peripheries and Center: Constitutional Development in the Extended Polities of the British Empire and the United States, 1607-1788 (Athens, GA, 1986);
10. Peter S. Onuf, " 'Empire for Liberty': Center and Peripheries in Post-colonial America," in Negotiated Empires: Centers and Peripheries in the Americas, 1500-1820, ed. Christine Daniels and Michael V. Kennedy (New York, 2002), 301-17;
11. Peter Onuf and Nicholas Onuf, Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolutions, 1776-1814 (Madison, WI, 1993), esp. 53-73.
12. Max M. Edling, A Revolution in Government: Origins of the U .S. Constitution and the Making of the American State (Oxford, UK, 2003);
13. Alfred Young, "Conservatives, the Constitution, and the 'Spirit of Accommodation,'" How Democratic Is the Constitution?, ed. Robert A. Goldwin and William A. Schambra (Washington, DC, 1980), 117-48;
14. Akhil Reed Amar, The Bill of Rights: Creation and Reconstruction (New Haven, CT, 1998), 3-133;
15. David C. Hendrickson, Peace Pact: The Lost World of the American Founding (Lawrence, KS, 2003), 258.
16. Christopher L. Tomlins, Law, Labor, and Ideology: in the Early American Republic (New York, 1993), 35-60;
17. William J. Novak, The People's Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America (Chapel Hill, NC, 1996);
18. Nathan R. Kozuskanich, "'For the Security and Protection of the Community': The Frontier and the Makings of Pennsylvanian Constitutionalism" (PhD diss., Ohio State University, 2005);
19. Saul Cornell, A Well-Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America (New York, 2005);
20. John M. Murrin, "The Great Inversion, or Court versus Country: A Comparison of the Revolution Settlements in England (1688-1721) and America (1776-1816)," in Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776, ed. J. G. A. Pocock (Princeton, NJ, 1980), 368-453;
21. Jack P. Greene, "Colonial History and National History: Reflections on a Continuing Problem," William and Mary Quarterly 64 (Apr. 2007), 235-50.
22. Michael Les Benedict, "States Rights, State Sovereignty, and Nullification," in Congress and the Emergence of Sectionalism: From the Missouri Compromise to the Age of Jackson, ed. Paul Finkelman and Donald R. Kennon (Athens, OH, 2008), 152-87.
23. Ronald P. Formisano, "State Development in the Early Republic: Substance and Structure, 1790-1840," in Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, ed. Byron E. Shafer and Anthony J. Badger (Lawrence, KS, 2001), 7-36.
24. William J. Novak, "The Myth of the 'Weak' American State," American Historical Review 113, no. 3 (2008), 752-72,
25. Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson, Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson (New York, 1992);
26. Andrew Lenner, "Separate Spheres: Republican Constitutionalism in the Federalist Era," American Journal of Legal History 41 (Apr. 1997), 250-81;
27. John Lauritz Larson, Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States (Chapel Hill, NC, 2001), 66-69, 141-93;
28. Richard B. Ellis, Aggressive Nationalism: McCulloch v. Maryland and the Foundation of Federal Authority in the Young Republic (New York, 2007);
29. Richard John, Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse (Cambridge, MA, 1995);
30. Gerald Leonard, The Invention of Party Politics: Federalism, Popular Sovereignty, and Constitutional Development in Jacksonian Illinois (Chapel Hill, NC, 2002);
31. Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power, Vol. II: the Rise of Classes and Nation-States, 1760-1910 (New York, 1993), 363, 366;
32. Richard F. Bensel, Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859-1877 (New York, 1990).
33. Harry N. Scheiber, "Federalism and the American Economic Order, 1789-1910," Law and Society Review 10, no. 1 (1975), 57-118,
34. William J. Novak, "The American Law of Association: The Legal-Political Construction of Civil Society," Studies in American Political Development 15 (Fall 2001), 163-88;
35. Robin L. Einhorn, American Taxation, American Slavery (Chicago, 2006);
36. Robert A. Becker, Revolution, Reform, and the Politics of American Taxation, 1763-1783 (Baton Rouge, LA, 1980);
37. H. James Henderson, "Taxation and Political Culture: Massachusetts and Virginia, 1760-1800," William and Mary Quarterly 47 (Jan. 1990), 90-114.
38. Joseph S. Davis, Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations: Number IV: Eighteenth Century Business Corporations in the United States (Cambridge, MA, 1917), 332-44;
39. William M. Gouge, A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the United States (Philadelphia, 1833), Part II, 42-44, 223-24,
40. Jason Kaufman, "Corporate Law and the Sovereignty of States," American Sociological Review 73 (2008), 402-25;
41. John Majewski, "The Political Impact of Great Commercial Cities: State Investment in Antebellum Pennsylvania and Virginia," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 28 (Summer 1997), 1-26;
42. William H. Pease and Jane H. Pease, The Web of Progress: Private Values and Public Styles in Boston and Charleston, 1828-1843 (New York, 1985), 23-70.
43. Howard S. Miller, The Legal Foundations of American Philanthrophy, 1776-1844 (Madison, WI, 1961), 25;
44. Thomas E. Buckley, "After Disestablishment: Thomas Jefferson's Wall of Separation in Antebellum Virginia," Journal of Southern History 61 (Aug. 1995), 445-80;
45. Kathleen D. McCarthy, American Creed: Philanthropy and the Rise of Civil Society, 1700-1865 (Chicago, 2003).
46. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (New York, 1991);
47. Anthony D. Smith, National Identity (Reno, NV, 1991), 19-42.
48. David Waldstreicher, In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776-1820 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1997);
49. Andrew Burstein, Sentimental Democracy: The Evolution of America's Romantic Self-Image (New York, 1999), esp. 300-24;
50. Sarah J. Purcell, Sealed with Blood: War, Sacrifice, and Memory in Revolutionary America (Philadelphia, 2002), esp. 133-70;
51. Rosemarie Zagarri, Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic (Philadelphia, 2007), 155-64;
52. Andrew W. Robertson, " 'Look on This Picture . . . and on this!' Nationalism, Localism, and Partisan Images of Otherness in the United States, 1787-1820," American Historical Review 106 (Oct. 2001), 1278.
53. Paul C. Nagel, One Nation Indivisible: The Union in American Thought, 1776-1861 (New York, 1964), 32-41;
54. Melinda Lawson, Patriot Fires: Forging a New American Nationalism in the Civil War North (Lawrence, KS, 2002), 1-13.
55. Susan-Mary Grant, North over South: Northern Nationalism and the American Identity in the Antebellum Era (Lawrence, KS, 2000), 26, 28, 157;
56. Trish Loughran, The Republic in Print: Print Culture in the Age of U.S. Nation Building, 1770-1870 (New York, 2007), 161-300;
57. Sandra M. Gustafson, "American Literature and the Public Sphere," American Literary History 20 (Sept. 2008), 465-78,
58. Edwin S. Gaustad, "Religious Tests, Constitutions, and 'Christian Nation,' in Religion in a Revolutionary Age, ed. Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert (Charlottesville, VA, 1994), 218-35;
59. Michael W. McConnell, "The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion," Harvard Law Review 103, no. 1409 (1990), 1436-1437.
60. J. C. D. Clark, The Language of Liberty 1660-1832: Political Discourse and Social Dynamics in the Anglo-American World (New York, 1994);
61. Stephen A. Marini, "Religion, Politics, and Ratification," in Religion in a Revolutionary Age, ed. Hoffman and Albert, 184-217;
62. David Hackett Fischer, The Revolution of American Conservatism: The Federalist Party in the Era of Jeffersonian Democracy (New York, 1965), 224-26.
63. Sydney E. Mead, "Denominationalism: The Shape of Protestantism in America," Church History 23 (Dec. 1954), 291-320;
64. Donald G. Mathews, "The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process, 1780-1830: An Hypothesis," American Quarterly 21 (Spring 1969), 23-43;
65. Richard L. Bushman, "'This New Man': Dependence and Independence," in Uprooted Americans: Essays to Honor Oscar Handlin, ed. Richard L. Bushman, Neil Harris, David Rothman, Barbara Miller Solomon, and Stephan Thernstrom (Boston, 1979), 77-96;
66. M. L. Bradbury, "Structures of Nationalism," in Religion in a Revolutionary Age, ed. Hoffman and Albert, 236-89;
67. G. J. Barker-Benfield, The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Chicago, 1992);
68. Markman Ellis, The Politics of Sensibility: Race, Gender and Commerce in the Sentimental Novel (New York, 1996);
69. Catherine O. Kaplan, Men of Letters in the Early Republic: Cultivating Forums of Citizenship (Chapel Hill, NC, 2008);
70. Albrecht Koschnik, "Let a Common Interest Bind Us Together": Associations, Partisanship and Culture in Philadelphia, 1775-1840 (Charlottesville, VA, 2007);
71. Johann Neem, Creating a Nation of Joiners: Democracy and Civil Society in Early National Massachusetts (Cambridge, MA, 2008).
72. Robert H. Wiebe, The Opening of American Society: From the Adoption of the Constitution to the Eve of Disunion (New York, 1984), 209-33;
73. Robert H. Abzug, Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination (New York, 1994), 45-49;
74. Jonathan Sassi, A Republic of Righteousness: The Public Christianity of the Post-Revolutionary New England Clergy (New York, 2001); 129-95;
75. Michael P. Young, Bearing Witness Against Sin: The Evangelical Birth of the American Social Movement (Chicago, 2006), 56-62;
76. Liam Riordan, Many Identities, One Nation: The Revolution and its Legacies in the Mid-Atlantic (Philadelphia, 2007), 173-208;
77. "American Tract Society," The Religious Intelligencer, July 2, 1825.
78. David Paul Nord, Faith in Reading: Religious Publishing and the Birth of Mass Media in America (New York, 2004);
79. Peter J. Wosh, Spreading the Word: The Bible Business in Nineteenth-Century America (Ithaca, NY, 1994);
80. Mark S. Schantz, "Religious Tracts, Evangelical Reform, and the Market Revolution in Antebellum America," Journal of the Early Republic 17 (Fall 1997), 425-66;
81. John W. Quist, Restless Visionaries: The Social Roots of Antebellum Reform in Alabama and Michigan (Baton Rouge, LA, 1998);
82. John W. Kuykendall, Southern Enterprize: The Work of National Evangelical Societies in the Antebellum South (Westport, CT, 1982), 68-97;
83. Beth B. Schweiger, The Gospel Working Up: Progress and the Pulpit in Nineteenth-Century Virginia (New York, 2000), 35-89;
84. James Oakes, The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders (New York, 1982), 37-68, 153-91;
85. Steven G. Collins, "System, Organization, and Agricultural Reform in the Antebellum South, 1840-1860," Agricultural History 75 (2001), 1-27;
86. Douglas W. Carlson, "'Drinks He to His Own Undoing': Temperance Ideology in the Deep South," Journal of the Early Republic 18 (Winter 1998), 659-691;
87. Donald G. Mathews, Slavery and Methodism: A Chapter in American Morality, 1780-1845 (Princeton, NJ, 1965), 62-87;
88. Donald G. Mathews, "Charles Colcock Jones and the Southern Evangelical Crusade to Form a Biracial Community," Journal of Southern History 41 (August 1975), 299-320;
89. Anne C. Loveland, Southern Evangelicals and the Social Order, 1800-1860 (Baton Rouge, LA, 1980), 219-56;
90. Bertram Wyatt-Brown, "Modernizing Southern Slavery: The Proslavery Argument Reinterpreted," in Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward, ed. J. Morgan Kousser and James M. McPherson (New York, 1982), 27-49;
91. Eugene D. Genovese, The Slaveholders' Dilemma: Freedom and Progress in Southern Conservative Thought 1820-1860 (Columbia, SC, 1992).
92. Bertram Wyatt-Brown, "The Antimission Movement in the Jacksonian South: A Study in Regional Folk Culture," Journal of Southern History 36 (Nov. 1970), 501-29;
93. Elizabeth R. Varon, We Mean to Be Counted: White Women and Politics in Antebellum Virginia (Chapel Hill, NC, 1998);
94. Douglas R. Egerton, Charles Fenton Mercer and the Trial of National Conservatism (Jackson, MS, 1989).
95. J. Mills Thornton, Politics and Power in a Slave Society: Alabama, 1800-1860 (Baton Rouge, LA, 1978).
96. Louis P. Masur, 1831: Year of Eclipse (New York, 2001);
97. Brooke, "To Be Read by the Whole Body of the People," 79-89.
98. Daniel W. Howe, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815-1848 (New York, 2007);
99. Leonard Richards, Gentlemen of Property and Standing: Anti-Abolition Mobs in Jacksonian America (New York, 1970), 71-73.
100. David Donald, "An Excess of Democracy: The American Civil War and the Social Process," in Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era (New York, 1961), 209-35;
101. Thomas Leonard, The Power of the Press, 92-96;
102. David Donald, "Toward a Reconsideration of the Abolitionists," in Lincoln Reconsidered, 19-36;
103. Linda Kerber, Federalists in Dissent: Imagery and Ideology in Jeffersonian America (Ithaca, NY, 1970), 23-66;
104. Marc M. Arkin, "The Federalist Trope: Power and Passion in Abolitionist Rhetoric," Journal of American History 88 (June 2001), 75-98;
105. Rachel Hope Cleves, Mortal Eloquence: Violence, Slavery and Anti-Jacobinism in the Early American Republic (New York, forthcoming).
106. Mitchell Snay, Gospel of Disunion: Religion and Separatism in the Antebellum South (New York, 1993), 113-15;
107. C. C. Goen, Broken Churches, Broken Nation: Denominational Schisms and the Coming of the Civil War (Macon, GA, 1985), 126.
108. James H. Moorhead, "The 'Restless Spirit of Radicalism': Old School Fears and the Schism of 1837," Journal of Presbyterian History 78 (Spring 2000), 19-33;
109. Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics, 159-74, 245-47, 287-88, 290-91;
110. John R. McKivigan, The War against Proslavery Religion: Abolitionism and the Northern Churches, 1830-1865 (Ithaca, NY, 1984), 81-92;
111. Peter J. Wallace, " 'The Bond of Union': The Old School Presbyterian Church and the American Nation, 1837-1861" (PhD diss., Notre Dame, 2004), 1: 85-86, 90-111.
112. Edward R. Crowther, "'Religion Has Something . . . to Do with Politics': Southern Evangelicals and the North, 1845-1860," in Religion and the Antebellum Debate over Slavery, ed. John R. McKivigan and Mitchell Snay (Athens, GA, 1998), 317-42;
113. Matthew Foulds, " 'Shriek, ye rampant Abolitionists!': The Methodist Border Wars and West Virginia's Statehood, 1848-1863," Seminar Paper, History 867, Ohio State University, May 2008.
114. Minutes of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the United States of America: with an Appendix. A.D. 1837 (Philadelphia, 1837), 421, 442-43, 478-79.
115. Drew Gilpin Faust, The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (Baton Rouge, LA, 1988), 58-81;
116. Michael O'Brien, Conjectures of Order: Intellectual Life and the American South, 1810-1860 (Chapel Hill, NC, 2004), 959-72;
117. Christopher H. Owen, " 'To Keep the Door Open for Methodism': Georgia Wesleyan Neutrality toward Slavery, 1844-1861," in Religion and the Antebellum Debate over Slavery, ed. McKivigan and Snay, 109-33;
118. John P. Daly, When Slavery Was Called Freedom: Evangelicalism, Proslavery, and the Causes of the Civil War (Lexington, KY, 2002).
119. Janet Duitsman Cornelius, Slave Missions and the Black Church in the Antebellum South (Columbia, SC, 1999), 175-90;
120. Kenneth Silverman, Lightning Man: The Accursed Life of Samuel F.B. Morse (New York, 2003), 392, 397-403.
121. James Oscar Farmer, The Metaphysical Confederacy: James Henley Thornwell and the Synthesis of Southern Values (Macon, GA, 1986), 177-80, 195-233, 261-72, 275-81;
122. Elizabeth Fox-Genovese and Eugene D. Genovese, The Mind of the Master Class: History and Faith in the Southern Slaveholders' Worldview (New York, 2005), 613-35.
123. Eugene Genovese and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, "The Divine Sanction of the Social Order: Religious Foundations of the Southern Slave-holders' World View," Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55, no. 2 (1987), 211-33.
124. Mark A. Noll, The Civil War as a Theological Crisis (Chapel Hill, NC, 2006).
125. Harry S. Stout and Christopher Grasso, "Civil War, Religion, and Communications: The Case of Richmond," in Religion and the American Civil War, ed. Randall M. Miller, Harry S. Stout, and Charles Reagan Wilson (New York, 1998), 313-59.
126. Deborah B. Van Broekhoven, Hugh Davis, Chris Padgett, and James B. Stewart in Religion and the Antebellum Debate over Slavery, ed. McKivigan and Snay, 196-272,
127. and in Antislavery Violence: Sectional, Racial, and Cultural Conflict in Antebellum America, ed. John R. McKivigan and Stanley Harrold (Knoxville, TN, 1999), 167-214;
128. Lewis Perry, Radical Abolitionism: Anarchy and the Government of God in Antislavery Thought (Ithaca, NY, 1973);
129. Douglas M. Strong, Perfectionist Politics: Abolitionism and the Religious Tensions of American Democracy (Syracuse, NY, 1999);
130. Ryan Jordan, "Quakers, 'Comeouters,' and the Meaning of Abolitionism in the Antebellum Free States," Journal of the Early Republic 24 (Winter 2004), 587-608;
131. Stanley Harrold, American Abolitionists (Harlow, UK, 2001), 73-83;
132. James Brewer Stewart, "Reconsidering the Abolitionists in an Age of Fundamentalist Politics," Journal of the Early Republic 26 (Spring 2006), 1-24;
133. Bruce Laurie, Beyond Garrison: Antislavery and Social Reform (New York, 2005);
134. Jonathan H. Earle, "The Making of the North's 'Stark Mad Abolitionists': Anti-Slavery Conversion in the United States, 1824-1854," Slavery and Abolition 25, no. 3 (2004), 59-75;
135. Donald Mathews, "The Methodist Schism of 1844 and the Popularization of Antislavery Sentiment," Mid-America 51 (Jan. 1968), 3-23;
136. George M. Fredrickson, "The Coming of the Lord: The Northern Protestant Clergy and the Civil War Crisis," in Religion and the American Civil War, ed. Miller et al., 111-18;
137. James H. Moorhead, American Apocalypse: Yankee Protestants and the Civil War, 1860-1869 (New Haven, CT, 1978).
138. F. K. Prochaska, "Charity Bazaars in Nineteenth-Century England," Journal of British Studies 16 (Spring 1977), 62-84;
139. Boylan, The Origins of Women's Activism, 182-86;
140. Julie Roy Jeffrey, The Great Silent Army of Abolitionism: Ordinary Women in the Antislavery Movement (Chapel Hill, NC, 1998), 108-26;
141. Deborah B. Van Broekhoven, The Devotion of These Women: Rhode Island in the Antislavery Network (Amherst, MA, 2002), 173-97;
142. Jean R. Soderlund and Lee Chambers-Schiller in The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women's Political Culture in Antebellum America, ed. Jean Fagan Yellin and John C. Van Horne (Ithaca, NY, 1994), esp. 80-86 and 249-68;
143. Jeanie Attie, Patriotic Toil: Northern Women and the American Civil War (Ithaca, NY, 1998), 38-45, 152-53, 198-219.
144. James L. Huston, Calculating the Value of the Union: Slavery, Property Rights, and the Economic Origins of the Civil War (Chapel Hill, NC, 2003);
145. Gavin Wright, The Political Economy of the Cotton South: Households, Markets, and Wealth in the Nineteenth Century (New York, 1978);
146. Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York, 1974), 280-84;
147. Albert Raboteau, Slave Religion: The "Invisible Institution" in the Antebellum South (New York, 1978), 311-18;
148. Sterling Stuckey, Slave Culture: Nationalist Theory and the Foundations of Black America (New York, 1987), 53-64;
149. Charles Reagan Wilson, Baptized in Blood: The Religion of the Lost Cause, 1865-1920 (Athens, GA, 1980).
150. Paula Baker, "The Domestication of Politics: Women and American Political Society, 1780-1920," American Historical Review 89 (June 1984), 620-47;
151. Paul S. Boyer, Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920 (Cambridge, MA, 1978), 22-33, 132-74, 252-76;
152. David W. Blight, Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, MA, 2001);
153. Glenda E. Gilmore, Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina, 1896-1920 (Chapel Hill, NC, 1996), 147-52, 173-75.