Quakers, "comeouters," and the meaning of abolitionism in the antebellum free states

Journal of the Early Republic

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 587-608

  Jordan, Ryan ^a  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 60950318453     PISSN: 02751275     EISSN: 15530620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Major works on abolitionism include: Thomas Bender, ed. The Antislavery Debate: Capitalism and Abolitionism as a Problem in Historical Interpretation (Berkeley, CA, 1992);
2. Lawrence Friedman, Gregarious Saints: Self and Community in American Abolitionism (New York, 1982);
3. Lewis Perry, Radical Abolitionism: Anarchy and the Government of God in Antislavery Thought (Ithaca, NY, 1973);
4. John StaufTer, The Black Hearts of Men: Radical Abolitionists and the Transformation of Race (Cambridge, MA, 2002);
5. Ronald Walters, The Antislavery Appeal: American Abolitionism after 1830 (New York, 1978). Although John McKivigan adopted an institutional approach for his landmark study of "comeouter" abolitionists, he did not explore the antislavery churches' relationship to abolitionists, nor did he examine the churches' conception of religious liberty as it pertained to abolitionism. See John McKivigan, The War Against Proslavery Religion: Abolitionism and the Northern Churches, 1830-65 (Ithaca, NY, 1984).
6. The North Star (Rochester, NY), June 27, 1850;
7. McKivigan, The War Against Proslavery Religion, 7-17.
8. William Ellery Channing, Slavery (Birmingham, UK, 1836), 80, 82-83;
9. Gilbert McMaster, The Moral Character of Civil Government (Albany, NY, 1832), 63, 22. Recent works that address nineteenth-century Protestant conceptions of religious liberty include Mark Hanley, Beyond a Christian Commonwealth: The Protestant Quarrel with the American Republic (Chapel Hill, NC, 1994), especially 41-48, 157-63;
10. Sarah Barringer Gordon, The Mormon Question: Polygamy and Constitutional Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America (Chapel Hill, NC, 2002);
11. Jonathan D. Sassi, A Republic of Righteousness: The Public Christianity of the Post-Revolutionary New England Clergy (New York, 2001).
12. Calvin Colton, Abolition, a Sedition (Philadelphia, 1839), 170-71;
13. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), Apr. 29, 1852.
14. The Palladium (Richmond, IN), Nov. 9, 1842;
15. The Friend (Philadelphia), Mar. 15, 1834;
16. Jesse Kersey, "On the Slave System," undated in the Kersey Papers, Haverford Friends Collection (Haverford, PA).
17. Elizabeth Buffiim Chace, Anti-Slavery Reminiscences (Central Falls, RI, 1891), 19-20;
18. Palladium (Richmond, IN), Oct. 8, 1842;
19. Walter Edgcrton, A History of the Separation in Indiana Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends in Winter of 1842 and 43 on the Anti-Slavery Question (Cincinnati, OH, 1856), 85, 140;
20. Thomas Drake, Quakers and Slavery (New Haven, CT, 1950), 158-61.
21. Charles Osborn, Journal of TJiat Faithful Servant ⋯ Charles Osborn (Cincinnati, OH, 1854), 440; an example of this "comeouter" view point is Stephen S. Foster, The Brotherhood of Thieves; or a True Picture of the American Church and Clergy: A Letter to Nathaniel Barney (Boston, MA, 1843);
22. see also John McKivigan, The War Against Proslavery Religion, 74-110.
23. Appeal to all persons everywhere, published in the Indiana Yearly Meeting of Anti-Slavery Minutes (Cincinnati, 1843), 41-42, Earlham College Friends Collection (Richmond, IN);
24. National Anti-Slavery Standard, Nov. 17, 1842; The North Star, Sept. 14, 1849.
25. William Bassett, Society of Friends in the United States: Their Views of the Anti-Slavery Question, and Treatment of the People of Colour (Darlington, UK, 1840), 22.
26. Ida Husted Harper, Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony (2 vols., Salem, NH, 1983), 1: 39.
27. The Friend (Philadelphia), Aug. 19, 1843.
28. Quoted in Black Quakers: Brief Biographies, ed. Kenneth Ives (Chicago, IL, 1991), 49.
29. Gerda Lerner, The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina: Pioneers for Women's Rights and Abolition (Boston, 1967), 185;
30. Dorothy Sterling, Ahead of Her Time: Abby Kelly and the Politics of Antislavery (New York, 1991), 64.
31. Quoted in Nancy Hewitt, Women's Activism and Social Change: Rochester, NY 1822-72 (Ithaca, NY, 1984), 93;
32. Thomas Hamm, God's Government Begun: The Society for Universal Inquiry and Reform, 1842-46 (Bloomington, IN, 1995), 67-68.
33. Free Labor Advocate (Newport, IN), May 24, 1841; Sept. 24, 1842.
34. Appeal to all persons ⋯ published in the Minutes of the Indiana Yearly Meeting of Anti-Slavery Friends 1843, (Newport, IN), 45-46;
35. Newman, Transformation of American Abolitionism, 84.
36. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), Nov. 17, 1855;
37. The Non-Resistant (Boston), Feb. 9, 1842;
38. Perry, Radical Abolitionism, 132-33;
39. Drake, Quakers and Slavery, 175.
40. Friends Review (Philadelphia), May 13, 1848;
41. The Friend (Philadelphia), Oct. 12, 1850;
42. Hiram Hilty, "North Carolina Quakers and Slavery" (Ph.D. diss., Duke University, 1968), 201.
43. New England Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, View of the Society of Friends in Relation to Civil Government (Providence, RI, 1840), 9-10;
44. Friends Weekly Intelligencer (Philadelphia), Mar. 16, 1850.
45. Quoted in Milton Powell, The Voluntary Church: American Religions Life Seen Through the Eyes of European Visitors (New York, 1967), 179;
46. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (New York, 1938), 309;
47. Horace Bushnell, A Discourse on the Slavery Question, Delivered in the North Church, Hartford (Boston, 1839), 16.
48. Daniel Walker Howe, The Political Culture of the American Whigs (Chicago, IL, 1979), 1-10, 78-80;
49. Harry L. Watson, Liberty and Poiver: The Politics of Jacksonian America (New York, 1990), 42-72.
50. Clifford S. Griffin, "The Abolitionists and the Benevolent Societies," The Journal of Negro History, 44 (July 1959), 198, 201.