Analysis of photorefractive optical damage in lithium niobate: Application to planar waveguides

Optics Express

Volumn 18, Issue 20, 2010, Pages 20852-20861

  Villarroel, J ^a   Carnicero, J ^a   Luedtke, F ^b   Carrascosa, M ^a   Garcia Cabanes A ^a   Cabrera, J M ^a   Alcazar, A ^c   Ramiro, B ^c  

^a UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE MADRID   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; LITHIUM; NIOBIUM COMPOUNDS; PHOTOREACTIVITY; REFRACTIVE INDEX; WAVEGUIDES;

EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS; FINITE DIFFERENCE; LITHIUM NIOBATE; MODEL EQUATIONS; MODEL SIMULATION; OPTICAL DAMAGES; PHOTO-REFRACTIVE; PHOTOVOLTAIC CURRENTS; REFRACTIVE INDEX CHANGES; SINGLE BEAM;

OPTICAL RECORDING;

LITHIUM NIOBATE; NIOBIUM; OXIDE; OXYGEN;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LIGHT; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION; OPTICS; PHOTON; STATISTICAL MODEL; THEORETICAL MODEL;

COMPUTER SIMULATION; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; LIGHT; MODELS, STATISTICAL; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NIOBIUM; OPTICAL DEVICES; OPTICS AND PHOTONICS; OXIDES; OXYGEN; PHOTONS;

EID: 77958004800     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.18.020852     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. T. Volk, M. Wöhlecke, and N. Rubinina, "Optical damage resistance in lithium niobate", in Photorefractive materials and their applications 2, Materials, P. Günter and J. P. Huignard, eds, (Springer, 2007), pp165-203.
2. D. Kip, and M. Wesner, "Photorefractive waveguides", in Photorefractive materials and their applications 1, Basic effects, P. Günter and J.P. Huignard, eds, (Springer, 2006), pp 281-315.
3. D. S. Hum, and M. M. Fejer, "Quasi-phasematching," C. R. Phys. 8(2), 180-198 (2007).
4. M. Kösters, B. Sturman, P. Werheit, D. Haertle, and K. Buse, "Optical cleaning of congruent lithium niobate crystals," Nat. Photonics 3(9), 510-513 (2009).
5. 3," Appl. Phys. Lett. 9(1), 72-74 (1966).
6. P. Gunter, and J. P. Huignard, eds., Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications (3 Vols.) (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, New York, 2006).
7. T. Volk, N. Rubinina, and M. Wohlecke, "Optical-damage-resistant impurities in lithium-niobate," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11(9), 1681-1687 (1994).
8. 6 optical waveguides at 488 nm wavelength," Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3051-3053 (1997).
9. D. A. Bryan, R. Gerson, and H. E. Tomaschke, "Increased optical damage resistance in lithium niobate," Appl. Phys. Lett. 44(9), 847-849 (1984).
10. 3," Opt. Lett. 16(13), 995-997 (1991).
11. 3 wavelength converters," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(21), 3163-3165 (2001). (Pubitemid 33611500)
12. J. Rams, A. Alcázar de Velasco, M. Carrascosa, J. M. Cabrera, and F. Agulló-López, "Optical damage inhibition and thresholding effects in lithium niobate above room temperature," Opt. Commun. 178(1-3), 211-216 (2000).
13. M. Falk, T. Woike, and K. Buse, "Reduction of optical damage in lithium niobate crystals by thermo-electric oxidation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 847-849 (2007).
14. 3 waveguides," Opt. Lett. 32(16), 2294-2296 (2007).
15. 3 channel waveguides," Appl. Opt. 32(36), 7572-7580 (1993).
16. 3:Fe crystal," Appl. Phys. B 62(5), 465-471 (1996).
17. 3:Fe at high light intensities," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10(11), 2085-2092 (1993).
18. 3," Opt. Express 16(1), 115-120 (2008).
19. 3," Phys. Rev. 81(1), 013825 (2010).
20. 3 analyses under the two-center model," Appl. Phys. B 79(3), 351-358 (2004).
21. N. Iyi, K. Kitamura, F. Izumi, K. Yamamoto, T. Hayasi, H. Asano, and S. Kimura, "Comparative study of defects structures in lithium niobate with diferents compositions," J. Solid State Chem. 101(2), 340-352 (1992).
22. 3 investigated by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction," J. Phys. Chem. Solids 55(2), 145-152 (1994).
23. 3:Fe crystals at high light intensities," J. Phys. D 30(1), 144-149 (1997).
24. 3," Phys. Rev. 71(12), 125128 (2005).
25. 3 waveguides," Appl. Phys. B 76, 555-559 (2003).
26. O. Caballero-Calero, J. Carnicero, A. Alcazar, G. de la Paliza, A. García-Cabañes, M. Carrascosa, and J. M. Cabrera, "Light-intensity measurements in optical waveguides using prism couplers," J. Appl. Phys. 102(7), 074509 (2007).
27. 3 waveguides," Opt. Express 17(2), 658-665 (2009).
28. J. Villarroel, M. Carrascosa, A. García-Cabañes, and J. M. Cabrera, "Light intensity dependence of holographic response and dark decays in α-phase PE:LiNbO3 waveguides," J. Opt. A, Pure Appl. Opt. 10(10), 104008 (2008).
29. D. Berben, K. Buse, S. Wevering, P. Herth, M. Imlau, and T. Woike, "Lifetime of small polarons in iron-doped lithium-niobate crystals," J. Appl. Phys. 87(3), 1034-1041 (2000).
30. 3," J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21(12), 123201 (2009).
31. G. Lifante, Integrated Photonics: Fundamentals (Wiley, Wiltshire, 2003).
32. J. Ramiro-Diaz, and A. A. de Velasco, "Ortogonal mode decomposition for efficient BPM applied to optical waveguides," Ferroelectrics 390(1), 71-78 (2009).
33. F. Luedtke, Optical damage in proton-exchanged waveguides in lithium niobate crystals, Diploma Thesis, Bonn University (2008).
34. 3 waveguides at high optical intensities," Appl. Phys., A Mater. Sci. Process. 55, 97-100 (1992).