Optical cleaning of congruent lithium niobate crystals

Nature Photonics

Volumn 3, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 510-513

  Kosters M ^a   Sturman, B ^b   Werheit, P ^a   Haertle, D ^a   Buse, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BONN   (Germany)

^b INSTITUTE OF AUTOMATION AND ELECTROMETRY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE NEUTRALITY; CONGRUENT LITHIUM NIOBATE; CURRENT TECHNOLOGY; LIGHT BEAM; LITHIUM NIOBATE; MODERATE TEMPERATURE; OPTICAL DAMAGES; PARTS PER MILLIONS;

BRUSHES; LITHIUM COMPOUNDS; NONLINEAR OPTICS;

CLEANING;

EID: 69949113243     PISSN: 17494885     EISSN: 17494893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2009.142     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Dunn, M. H. & Ebrahimzadeh, M. Parametric generation of tunable light from continuous-wave to femtosecond pulses. Science 286, 513-1517 (1999).
2. Canalias, C. & Pasiskevicius, V. Mirrorless optical parametric oscillator. Nature Photon. 1, 459-462 (2007).
3. Ilchenko, V. S., Savchenkov, A. A., Matsko, A. B. & Maleki, L. Nonlinear optics and crystalline whispering gallery mode cavities. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 043903 (2004).
4. Guarino, A., Poberaj, G., Rezzonico, D., Degl'Innocenti, R. & Günter, P. Electrooptically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate. Nature Photon. 1, 407-410 (2007).
5. Hsu, R. C. J., Ayazi, A., Houshmand, B. & Jalali, B. All-dielectric photonicassisted radio front-end technology. Nature Photon. 1, 535-538 (2007).
6. Zhu, S., Zhu, Y. & Ming, N. Quasi-phase-matched third-harmonic generation in a quasi-periodic optical superlattice. Science 278, 843-846 (1997).
7. Broderick, N. G. R., Ross, G. W., Offerhaus, H. L., Richardson, D. J. & Hanna, D. C. Hexagonally poled lithium niobate: a two-imensional nonlinear photonic crystal. Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4345-4348 (2000).
8. Soljacic, M. & Joannopoulos, J. D. Enhancement of nonlinear effects using photonic crystals. Nature Mater. 3, 211-219 (2004).
9. Yang, W., Kazansky, P. G. & Svirko, Y. P. Non-reciprocal ultrafast laser writing. Nature Photon. 2, 99-104 (2008).
10. Buse, K., Adibi, A. & Psaltis, D. Non-volatile holographic storage in doubly doped lithium niobate crystals. Nature 393, 665-668 (1998).
11. Falk, M. & Buse, K. Thermo-electric method for nearly complete oxidization of highly iron-doped lithium niobate crystals. Appl. Phys. B 81, 853-855 (2005).
12. Gronenborn, S., Sturman, B., Falk, M., Haertle, D. & Buse, K. Ultraslow shock waves of electron density in LiNbO3 crystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 116601 (2008).
13. Kuz'minov, Y. S. Lithium Niobate Crystals (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999).
14. Myers, L. E., Eckardt, R. C., Fejer, M. M. & Byer, R. L. Quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillators in bulk periodically poled LiNbO3. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 2102-2116 (1995).
15. Solymar, L., Webb, D. & Grunnet-Jepsen, A. The Physics and Applications of Photorefractive Materials (Clarendon Press, 1996).
16. Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications I, II (eds Günter, P. & Huignard, J.-P. ) (Springer, 2006, 2007).
17. Glass, A. M., von der Linde, D. & Negran, T. J. High-voltage bulk photovoltaic effect and the photorefractive process in LiNbO3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 233-235 (1974).
18. Fridkin, V. & Sturman, B. The Photovoltaic and Photorefractive Effects in Noncentrosymmetric Materials (Gordon & Breach, 1992).
19. Maleki, L. & Matsko, A. Ferroelectric crystals for photonic applications, 337-383 (Springer, 2008).
20. Schirmer, O. F., Imlau, M., Merschjann, C. & Schoke, B. Topical review: electron small polarons and bipolarons in LiNbO3. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21, 123201 (2009).
21. Jermann, F. & Otten, J. Light-induced charge transport in LiNbO3:Fe at high light intensities. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 2085-2092 (1993).
22. Yan,W. B. et al. Influence of composition on the photorefractive centers in pure LiNbO3 at low light intensity. Appl. Opt. 45, 2453-2458 (2006).
23. Becker, R. A. 'Thermal fixing' of Ti-indiffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides for reduced photorefractive susceptibility. Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 121-123 (1984).
24. Sturman, B. I., Carrascosa, M., Agulló-López, F. & Limeres, J. Two kinetic regimes for high-temperature photorefractive phenomena in LiNbO3. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 148-151 (1998).
25. Jeffrey, A. Handbook of Mathematical Formulas and Integrals (Academic Press, 2004).
26. Whitham, G. B. Linear and Nonlinear Waves (Wiley-Interscience, 1974).
27. Jermann, F., Simon, M. & Krätzig, E. Photorefractive properties of congruent and stoichiometric lithium niobate at high light intensities. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 12, 2066-2070 (1995).
28. Kurz, H. et al. Photorefractive centers in LiNbO3, studied by optical-,Mössbauer- and EPR-methods. Appl. Phys. 12, 355-368 (1977).
29. Klauer, S., Wöhlecke, M. & Kapphan, S. Influence of H-D isotopic substitution on the protonic conductivity of LiNbO3. Phys. Rev. B 45, 2786-2799 (1992).
30. Rams, J., Alcázar-de-Velasco, A., Carrascosa, M., Cabrera, J. M. & Agulló- López, F. Optical damage inhibition and thresholding effects in lithium niobate above room temperature. Opt. Commun. 178, 211-216 (2000).