Time horizons and extinction risk in endangered species categorization systems

BioScience

Volumn 60, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 751-758

  D'Elia, Jesse ^a,b   McCarthy, Scott ^a  

^a U S FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE   (United States)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Endangered Species Act; extinction; foreseeable future; risk assessment

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957970638     PISSN: 00063568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/bio.2010.60.9.12     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Akçakaya HR, Sjörgren-Gulve P. 2000. Population viability analysis in conservation planning: An overview. Ecological Bulletins 48: 9-21.
2. Akçakaya HR, Ferson S, Burgman MA, Keith DA, Mace GM, Todd CR. 2000. Making consistent IUCN classifications under uncertainty. Conservation Biology 14: 1001-1013.
3. Amstrup SC, Marcot BG, Douglas DC. 2008. A Bayesian network modeling approach to forecasting the 21st century worldwide status of polar bears. Pages 213-268 in DeWeaver ET, Bitz CM, Tremblay LB, eds. Artic Sea Ice Decline: Observations, Projections, Mechanisms, and Implications. Geophysics Monogram Series, vol. 180. American Geophysical Union.
4. Armbruster P, Fernando P, Lande R. 1999. Time frames for population viability analysis of species with long generations: An example with Asian elephants. Animal Conservation 2: 69-73.
5. Coulson T, Mace GM, Hudson E, Possingham H. 2001. The use and abuse of population viability analysis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: 219-221. (Pubitemid 32285440)
6. de Grammont PC, Cuarón AD. 2006. An evaluation of threatened species categorization systems used on the American continent. Conservation Biology 20: 14-27.
7. D'Elia J, Zwartjes M, McCarthy S. 2008. Considering legal viability and societal values when deciding what to conserve under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Conservation Biology 22: 1072-1074.
8. DeMaster D, Angliss R, Cochrane J, Mace P, Merrick R, Miller M, Rumsey S, Taylor B, Thompson G, Waples R. 2004. Recommendations to NOAA Fisheries: ESA Listing Criteria by the Quantitative Working Group, 10 June 2004. US Department of Commerce. NOAA Technical Memo. NMFSF/SPO-67.
9. Dennis B, Munholland PL, Scott JM. 1991. Estimation of growth and extinction parameters for endangered species. Ecological Monographs 61: 115-143.
10. Drechsler M. 2000. A model-based decision aid for species protection under uncertainty. Biological Conservation 94: 23-30.
11. - 2004. Model-based conservation decision aiding in the presence of goal conflicts and uncertainty. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 141-164.
12. Drechsler M, Burgman MA. 2004. Combining population viability analysis with decision analysis. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 115-139.
13. [ESA] Endangered Species Act. 1973. Public Law No. 93-205, 87 US Statutes at Large 884, Dec. 23, 1973, codified as amended at 16 USC §§ 1531-1544.
14. Frankham R, Brook BW. 2004. The importance of time scale in conservation biology and ecology. Annales Zoologici Fennici 41: 459-463.
15. Gerber LR, DeMaster DP. 1999. A quantitative approach to Endangered Species Act classification of long-lived vertebrates: Application to the North Pacific humpback whale. Conservation Biology 13: 1203-1214.
16. Holmes EE. 2004. Beyond theory to application and evaluation: Diffusion approximations for population viability analysis. Ecological Applications 14: 1272-1293.
17. [IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission.
18. Keith D. 1998. An evaluation and modification of World Conservation Union Red List criteria for classification of extinction risk in vascular plants. Conservation Biology 12: 1076-1090.
19. Ludwig D. 1999. Is it meaningful to estimate a probability of extinction? Ecology 80: 298-310.
20. Mace GM, Lande R. 1991. Assessing extinction threats: Toward a reevalu-ation of IUCN threatened species categories. Conservation Biology 5: 148-157.
21. Mace GM, Collar NJ, Gaston KJ, Hilton-Taylor C, Akcakaya HR, Leader-Williams N, Milner-Gulland EJ, Stuart SN. 2008. Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN's system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424-1442.
22. Maguire LA. 1986. Using decision analysis to manage endangered species populations. Journal of Environmental Management 22: 345-360.
23. - 1991. Risk analysis for conservation biologists. Conservation Biology 5: 123-125.
24. Mangel M, Tier C. 1994. Four facts every conservation biologist should know about persistence. Ecology 75: 607-614.
25. Master L, Faber-Langendoen D, Bittman R, Hammerson GA, Heidel B, Nichols J, Ramsay L, Tomaino A. 2009. NatureServe Conservation Status Assessments: Factors for Assessing Extinction Risk. NatureServe.
26. Molloy J, Bell B, Clout M, de Lange P, Gibbs G, Given D, Norton D, Smith N, Stephens T. 2002. Classifying Species According to Threat of Extinction: A System for New Zealand. Threatened Species Occasional Publication, vol. 22. New Zealand Department of Conservation.
27. Morris WF, Doak DF. 2002. Quantitative Conservation Biology: Theory and Practice of Population Viability Analysis. Sinauer.
28. Nelson MP, Vucetich JA, Phillips MK. 2007. Normativity and the meaning of endangered: Response to Waples et al. 2007. Conservation Biology 21: 1646-1648.
29. Nilsson T. 2003. Integrating effects of hunting policy, catastrophic events, and inbreeding depression, in PVA simulation: The Scandinavian wolf population as an example. Biological Conservation 115: 227-239.
30. Office of the Solicitor. 2009. Memorandum from the Department of the Interior solicitor to the acting director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The meaning of "foreseeable future" in section 3(20) of the Endangered Species Act. Memorandum M-37021.
31. Pimm SL, Jones HL, Diamond J. 1988. On the risk of extinction. American Naturalist 132: 757-785.
32. Pinchera F, Boitani L, Corsi F. 1997. Application to the terrestrial vertebrates of Italy of a system proposed by IUCN for a new classification of national red list categories. Biodiversity and Conservation 6: 959-978.
33. Purvis A, Jones KE, Mace GM. 2000. Extinction. BioEssays 22: 1123-1133.
34. Regan HM, Colyvan M, Burgman MA. 2002. A taxonomy and treatment of uncertainty for ecology and conservation biology. Ecological Applications 12: 618-628.
35. Regan TJ, Burgman MA, McCarthy MA, Master LL, Keith DA, Mace GM, Andelman SJ. 2005. The consistency of extinction risk classification protocols. Conservation Biology 19: 1969-1977.
36. Shelden KEW, Demaster D P, Rugh DJ, Olson AM. 2001. Developing classification criteria under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: Bowhead whales as a case study. Conservation Biology 15: 1300-1307.
37. Todd CR, Burgman MA. 1998. Assessment of threat and conservation priorities under realistic levels of uncertainty and reliability. Conservation Biology 12: 966-974.
38. [USDOI] US Department of the Interior. 2007. Investigative Report: On Allegations Against Julie McDonald, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Office of Inspector General. (20 July 2010; www. doioig.gov/images/ stories/reports/pdf/Macdonald.pdf)
39. [USFWS] US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: Listing the plant Lepidium papilliferum (slickspot peppergrass). Federal Register 68: 42666-42668.
40. - 2005. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: Withdrawal of proposed rule to list Lepidium papilliferum (slickspot peppergrass) as endangered. Federal Register 69: 3094-3116.
41. - 2006. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: 12-month finding on a petition to list the cerulean warbler (Dendroica cerulea) as threatened with critical habitat. Federal Register 71: 70717-70733.
42. - 2009. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants: Listing Lepidium papilliferum (slickspot peppergrass) as a threatened species throughout its range: Final rule. Federal Register 74: 52013-52064.
43. Vucetich JA, Waite TA, Qvarnemark L, Ibarguen S. 2000. Review: Population variability and extinction risk. Conservation Biology 14: 1704-1714.
44. Vucetich JA, Nelson MP, Phillips MK. 2006. The normative dimension and legal meaning of endangered and recovery in the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Conservation Biology 20: 1383-1390.
45. Waples RS, Adams PB, Bohnsack J, Taylor BL. 2007a. A biological framework for evaluating whether a species is threatened or endangered in a significant portion of its range. Conservation Biology 21: 964-974.
46. Waples RS, Adams PB, Bohnsack J, Taylor BL. 2007b. Normativity redux. Conservation Biology 21: 1649-1650.
47. Western Watersheds Project v. Jeffrey Foss and Gale Norton, CV 04-168-MHW (D. Idaho, 2005)