Continuous renal replacement therapies: A brief primer for the neurointensivist

Neurocritical Care

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 286-294

  Patel, Pritesh ^a   Nandwani, Veena ^a   McCarthy, Paul J ^a   Conrad, Steven A ^a   Keith Scott, L ^a  

^a LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Convective clearance; CRRT; CVVH; CVVHDF; Diffusive clearance

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED PROTEIN C; ARGATROBAN; CITRIC ACID; HEPARIN; HIRUDIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NAFAMSTAT; PROSTACYCLIN; PROTAMINE;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; ANAPHYLAXIS; ANTICOAGULATION; ARTICLE; BLEEDING; CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE; CONTINUOUS HEMODIALYSIS; CONTINUOUS HEMOFILTRATION; CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DIALYSIS MEMBRANE; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSE TITRATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; EXTENDED DAILY DIALYSIS; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMOFILTRATION; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERNATREMIA; HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; MEDICAL SPECIALIST; METABOLIC ACIDOSIS; METABOLIC ALKALOSIS; METABOLIC DISORDER; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEPSIS; SIDE EFFECT; SLOW CONTINUOUS ULTRAFILTRATION; THERAPY EFFECT; THROMBOCYTE ACTIVATION; TREATMENT INDICATION; VASCULAR ACCESS; VASODILATATION;

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY; ANTICOAGULANTS; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FILTRATION; HEMOFILTRATION; HEPARIN; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY; RENAL DIALYSIS; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY;

EID: 77957958258     PISSN: 15416933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12028-010-9386-6     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. J Litmathe M Kurt P Feindt E Gams U Boeken 2009 Predictors and outcome of ICU readmission after cardiac surgery Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 57 7 391 394 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MnmtVGhuw%3D%3D 10.1055/s-0029-1185852 19795324
2. Andrikos E, Tseke P, Balafa O, Cruz DN, Tsinta A, Androulaki M, Pappas M, Ronco C. Epidemiology of acute renal failure in ICUs: a multi-center prospective study. Blood Purif. 2009;28(3):239-44.
3. Charbonney E, Saudan P, Triverio PA, Quinn K, Mentha G, Martin PY. Prognosis of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy in solid organ transplanted patients. Transpl Int. 2009.
4. F Cislaghi AM Condemi A Corona 2009 Predictors of prolonged mechanical ventilation in a cohort of 5123 cardiac surgical patients Eur J Anaesthesiol 26 5 396 403 10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283232c69 19276979
5. SM Bagshaw S Uchino R Bellomo H Morimatsu S Morgera M Schetz I Tan C Bouman E Macedo N Gibney A Tolwani HM Oudemans-van Straaten C Ronco JA Kellum 2009 Timing of renal replacement therapy and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury J Crit Care 24 1 129 140 10.1016/j.jcrc.2007.12.017 19272549
6. A Zarbock K Singbartl JA Kellum 2009 Evidence-based renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury Minerva Anestesiol 75 3 135 139 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1M7ktVCnsg%3D%3D 18475252
7. RL Lins, et al. 2009 Intermittent versus continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury patients admitted to the intensive care unit: results of a randomized clinical trial Nephrol Dial Transplant 24 2 512 518 10.1093/ndt/gfn560 18854418
8. SS Vege TB Gardner ST Chari P Munukuti RK Pearson JE Clain BT Petersen TH Baron MB Farnell MG Sarr 2009 Low mortality and high morbidity in severe acute pancreatitis without organ failure: a case for revising the Atlanta classification to include "moderately severe acute pancreatitis" Am J Gastroenterol 104 3 710 715 10.1038/ajg.2008.77 19262525
9. C Ronco R Bellomo Z Ricci 2001 Continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients Nephrol Dial Transplant 16 Suppl 5 67 72 11509688 (Pubitemid 32750433)
10. MM Meyer 2000 Renal replacement therapies Crit Care Clin 16 1 29 58 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7hs1akuw%3D%3D 10.1016/S0749-0704(05)70096-8 10650499
11. C Ronco R Bellomo JA Kellum 2002 Continuous renal replacement therapy: opinions and evidence Adv Ren Replace Ther 9 4 229 244 10.1053/jarr.2002.35561 12382223 (Pubitemid 35253310)
12. RA Subach MA Marx 1998 Drug dosing in acute renal failure: the role of renal replacement therapy in altering drug pharmacokinetics Adv Ren Replace Ther 5 2 141 147 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3htlaisA%3D%3D 9554548
13. MA Veltri AM Neu BA Fivush RS Parekh SL Furth 2004 Drug dosing during intermittent hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy: special considerations in pediatric patients Paediatr Drugs 6 1 45 65 10.2165/00148581-200406010-00004 14969569
14. Böhler J, Donauer J, Keller F. Pharmacokinetic principles during continuous renal replacement therapy: drugs and dosage. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999;56(72):S24-8.
15. MS Joy GR Matzke DK Armstrong MA Marx BJ Zarowitz 1998 A primer on continuous renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients Ann Pharmacother 32 3 362 375 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitlGit7Y%3D 10.1345/aph.17105 9533067 (Pubitemid 28120354)
16. AM Li CD Gomersall G Choi Q Tian GM Joynt J Lipman 2009 A systematic review of antibiotic dosing regimens for septic patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: do current studies supply sufficient data? J Antimicrob Chemother 64 5 929 937 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1OqtLjF 10.1093/jac/dkp302 19706668
17. F Pea P Viale F Pavan M Furlanut 2007 Pharmacokinetic considerations for antimicrobial therapy in patients receiving renal replacement therapy Clin Pharmacokinet 46 12 997 1038 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnvVCqsQ%3D%3D 10.2165/00003088-200746120-00003 18027987
18. R Bellomo C Ronco 2000 How to feed patients with renal dysfunction Curr Opin Crit Care 6 4 239 246 10.1097/00075198-200008000-00002 11329507 (Pubitemid 30618536)
19. DA Story C Ronco R Bellomo 1999 Trace element and vitamin concentrations and losses in critically ill patients treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration Crit Care Med 27 1 220 223 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7jtFKiug%3D%3D 10.1097/00003246-199901000-00057 9934919 (Pubitemid 29052840)
20. A Arzuaga, et al. 2006 Elimination of piperacillin and tazobactam by renal replacement therapies with AN69 and polysulfone hemofilters: evaluation of the sieving coefficient Blood Purif 24 4 347 354 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnvFKqtLg%3D 10.1159/000092921 16645266 (Pubitemid 44215178)
21. C Ronco 1993 Continuous renal replacement therapies for the treatment of acute renal failure in intensive care patients Clin Nephrol 40 4 187 198 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FosV2ktw%3D%3D 8261674
22. M Manns MH Sigler BP Teehan 1998 Continuous renal replacement therapies: an update Am J Kidney Dis 32 2 185 207 1:STN:280:DyaK1cznt1ejtQ%3D%3D 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9708602 9708602
23. A Davenport 1995 The management of renal failure in patients at risk of cerebral edema/hypoxia New Horiz 3 4 717 724 1:STN:280:DyaK287mt1Kktw%3D%3D 8574602
24. JJ Fletcher K Bergman EC Feucht P Blostein 2009 Continuous renal replacement therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension Neurocrit Care 11 1 101 105 10.1007/s12028-009-9197-9 19267223
25. C Yu ZH Liu ZH Chen DH Gong DX Ji LS Li 2008 Improvement of monocyte function and immune homeostasis by high volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with severe acute pancreatitis Int J Artif Organs 31 10 882 890 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1Squrk%3D 19009506
26. JD Fortenberry ML Paden 2006 Extracorporeal therapies in the treatment of sepsis: experience and promise Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 17 2 72 79 10.1053/j.spid.2006.04.005 16822469 (Pubitemid 43963529)
27. Y Peng Z Yuan H Li 2005 Removal of inflammatory cytokines and endotoxin by veno-venous continuous renal replacement therapy for burned patients with sepsis Burns 31 5 623 628 10.1016/j.burns.2005.02.004 15975721 (Pubitemid 40905221)
28. Druml W. Metabolic aspects of continuous renal replacement therapies. Kidney Int Suppl. 1999;(72):S56-61.
29. C Ronco, et al. 2005 Management of fluid balance in CRRT: a technical approach Int J Artif Organs 28 8 765 776 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2MrjsFSgtA%3D%3D 16211526
30. A Davenport 2003 Continuous renal replacement therapy for liver disease Hemodial Int 7 4 348 352 10.1046/j.1492-7535.2003.00061.x 19379387
31. WR Clark BA Mueller MA Kraus WL Macias 1997 Extracorporeal therapy requirements for patients with acute renal failure J Am Soc Nephrol 8 5 804 812 1:STN:280:DyaK2szhvF2ltw%3D%3D 9176851
32. SS Soni AP Nagarik GK Adikey A Raman 2009 Using continuous renal replacement therapy to manage patients of shock and acute renal failure J Emerg Trauma Shock 2 1 19 22 10.4103/0974-2700.44678 19561951
33. M Joannidis 2009 Continuous renal replacement therapy in sepsis and multisystem organ failure Semin Dial 22 2 160 164 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2008. 00552.x 19426421
34. J Bouchard RL Mehta 2008 Acid-base disturbances in the intensive care unit: current issues and the use of continuous renal replacement therapy as a customized treatment tool Int J Artif Organs 31 1 6 14 1:STN:280: DC%2BD1c7is1yrtA%3D%3D 18286450
35. R Bellomo C Ronco 2001 Blood purification in the intensive care unit: evolving concepts World J Surg 25 5 677 683 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzivVeitg%3D%3D 10.1007/s002680020030 11396438 (Pubitemid 32441445)
36. CM Dunham 2001 Clinical impact of continuous renal replacement therapy on multiple organ failure World J Surg 25 5 669 676 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3MzivVeisQ%3D%3D 10.1007/s002680020029 11396437 (Pubitemid 32441444)
37. Q Wei S Baihai F Ping C Xiaolei L Jing Z Rong 2009 Successful treatment of crush syndrome complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using hybrid continuous renal replacement therapy Blood Purif 28 3 175 180 10.1159/000227786 19597302
38. S Brunet M Leblanc D Geadah D Parent S Courteau J Cardinal 1999 Diffusive and convective solute clearances during continuous renal replacement therapy at various dialysate and ultrafiltration flow rates Am J Kidney Dis 34 3 486 492 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvgtVelsg%3D%3D 10.1016/S0272-6386(99)70076-4 10469859
39. J Messer B Mulcahy WH Fissell 2009 Middle-molecule clearance in CRRT: in vitro convection, diffusion and dialyzer area ASAIO J 55 3 224 226 10.1097/MAT.0b013e318194b26c 19282753
40. VA Kumar M Craig TA Depner JY Yeun 2000 Extended daily dialysis: a new approach to renal replacement for acute renal failure in the intensive care unit Am J Kidney Dis 36 2 294 300 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvhs1emsQ%3D%3D 10.1053/ajkd.2000.8973 10922307
41. Zaccaria R, Ronco C. Dose and efficiency of renal replacement therapy: continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis versus slow extended daily dialysis. Cril Care Med. 2008;36 Suppl 4.
42. Marshall M, Ma T, Galler D, et al. Sustained low-efficiency daily diafiltration for critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy: towards an adequate therapy. Nephrol Dail Transplant. 2004;19:877-84.
43. R Vanholder WV Biesen N Lameire 2001 What is the renal replacement method of first choice for intensive care patients? J Am Soc Nephrol 12 S40 S43 11251030
44. C Ronco R Bellomo 1997 New CRRT systems: impact on dose delivery Am J Kidney Dis 30 5 Suppl 4 S15 S19 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FjvVyisw%3D%3D 10.1016/S0272-6386(97)90537-0 9372974
45. AA Alarabi BG Danielson B Wikström 1993 Continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis: outcome in intensive care acute renal failure patients Nephron 64 1 58 62 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3nsFClsg%3D%3D 10.1159/000187279 8502337
46. Uchino S, Bellomo R, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Schetz M, Tan I, Bouman C, Macedo E, Gibney N, Tolwani A, Oudemans-van Straaten H, Ronco C, Kellum JA. Continuous renal replacement therapy: a worldwide practice survey. The beginning and ending supportive therapy for the kidney (B.E.S.T. kidney) investigators. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(9):1563-70.
47. AJ Tolwani KM Wille 2009 Anticoagulation for continuous renal replacement therapy Semin Dial 22 2 141 145 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2008.00545.x 19426417
48. S Sagedal A Hartmann 2004 Low molecular weight heparins as thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing hemodialysis/hemofiltration or continuous renal replacement therapies Eur J Med Res 9 3 125 130 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXkslynsr8%3D 15096322
49. HM Oudemans-van Straaten JP Wester AC de Pont MR Schetz 2006 Anticoagulation strategies in continuous renal replacement therapy: can the choice be evidence based? Intensive Care Med 32 2 188 202 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XhtFSjsr3M 10.1007/s00134-005-0044-y 16453140 (Pubitemid 43251138)
50. FJ Gainza N Quintanilla JI Pijoan S Delgado JM Urbizu I Lampreabe 2006 Role of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) as anticoagulant in continuous renal replacement therapies: efficacy, security and cost analysis J Nephrol 19 5 648 655 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlsVymurs%3D 17136695
51. J Birnbaum CD Spies E Klotz OV Hein S Morgera T Schink S Ziemer MS Grund R Saalmann WJ Kox C Lehmann 2007 Iloprost for additional anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy-a pilot study Ren Fail 29 3 271 277 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXltFWjt7o%3D 10.1080/08860220601166222 17497439 (Pubitemid 46752361)
52. O Vargas Hein C von Heymann M Lipps S Ziemer C Ronco HH Neumayer S Morgera M Welte WJ Kox C Spies 2001 Hirudin versus heparin for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy Intensive Care Med 27 4 673 679 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzjsVyqsQ%3D%3D 10.1007/s001340100907 11403068 (Pubitemid 32304571)
53. A Link M Girndt S Selejan A Mathes M Böhm H Rensing 2009 Argatroban for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy Crit Care Med 37 1 105 110 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFCnu7vJ 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181932394 19050602
54. AC de Pont CS Bouman E de Jonge MB Vroom HR Büller M Levi 2003 Treatment with recombinant human activated protein C obviates additional anticoagulation during continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with severe sepsis Intensive Care Med 29 7 1205 10.1007/s00134-003-1781-4 12761613 (Pubitemid 36918575)
55. J Amanzadeh RF Reilly 2006 Anticoagulation and continuous renal replacement therapy Semin Dial 19 4 311 316 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2006.00178.x 16893409 (Pubitemid 44091706)
56. M Joannidis HM Oudemans-van Straaten 2007 Clinical review: patency of the circuit in continuous renal replacement therapy Crit Care 11 4 218 10.1186/cc5937 17634148 (Pubitemid 351984863)
57. R Palsson JL Niles 1999 Regional citrate anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill patients with a high risk of bleeding Kidney Int 55 5 1991 1997 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ltV2ltg%3D%3D 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00444.x 10231464 (Pubitemid 29197989)
58. LD Burry DD Tung D Hallett T Bailie V Carvalhana D Lee S Ramganesh R Richardson S Mehta SE Lapinsky 2009 Regional citrate anticoagulation for PrismaFlex continuous renal replacement therapy Ann Pharmacother 43 9 1419 1425 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmtlWgu7g%3D 10.1345/aph.1M182 19690224
59. H Davies G Leslie 2006 Maintaining the CRRT circuit: non-anticoagulant alternatives Aust Crit Care 19 4 133 138 10.1016/S1036-7314(06)80026-3 17165492
60. RL Mehta 1994 Anticoagulation during continuous renal replacement therapy ASAIO J 40 4 931 935 1:STN:280:DyaK2M7mtFyhuw%3D%3D 7858328
61. HK Tan I Baldwin R Bellomo 2000 Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration without anticoagulation in high-risk patients Intensive Care Med 26 11 1652 1657 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M7ltlGqtg%3D%3D 10.1007/s001340000691 11193272
62. S Morabito A Pierucci R Marinelli A Cicciarelli I Guzzo GA Cinotti B Marino R Chiavarelli 2000 Efficiency of different hollow-fiber hemofilters in continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration Am J Nephrol 20 2 116 121 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3jslSgsQ%3D%3D 10.1159/000013567 10773611
63. A Isla AR Gascón J Maynar A Arzuaga JA Sánchez-Izquierdo JL Pedraz 2007 In vitro AN69 and polysulphone membrane permeability to ceftazidime and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies Chemotherapy 53 3 194 201 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXktFemtrc%3D 10.1159/000100864 17356270 (Pubitemid 46581993)
64. JK Leypoldt JF Gilson KM Blindauer AK Cheung 1992 Macromolecule adsorption to hemodialysis membranes depends on molecular size Blood Purif 10 1 53 60 1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xmtl2kurw%3D 10.1159/000170074 1389013
65. CS Bouman RW van Olden CP Stoutenbeek 1998 Cytokine filtration and adsorption during pre- and postdilution hemofiltration in four different membranes Blood Purif 16 5 261 268 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXpslKitA%3D%3D 10.1159/000014343 9917534 (Pubitemid 29056155)