An attempt to reconstruct the natural and cultural history of the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

European Journal of Entomology

Volumn 107, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 1-11

  Plarre, Rudy ^a  

^a BAM FEDERAL INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TESTING   (Germany)

Author keywords

Adaptation; Archaeology; Curculionidae; Evolution; History; Phylogeny; Sitophilus

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; ANATOMY; ARCHAEOLOGY; BACTERIUM; BEETLE; BEHAVIOR; COEVOLUTION; FAUNISTICS; PHYLOGENY; PHYSIOLOGY;

AVES; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE; HEXAPODA; RODENTIA; SITOPHILUS; SITOPHILUS GRANARIUS;

EID: 77957911863     PISSN: 12105759     EISSN: 18028829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.14411/eje.2010.001     Document Type: Article

References (139)

1. st Century A. D.)] Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 406 pp.
2. ANDERSEN K.T. 1938: Der Kornkäfer (Calandra granaria L.). Biologie und Bekämpfung. [The Granary Weevil (Calandra granaria L.). Biology and Control.] Parey, Berlin, 105 pp.
3. ANSELME C., PÉREZ-BROCAL V., VALLIER A., VINCENT-MONEGAT C., CHARIF D., LATORRE A., MOYA A. & HEDDI A. 2008: Identification of the weevil immune genes and their expression in the bacteriome tissue. BMC Biol. 6: 43.
4. AUBERT H. & WIMMER F. 1868: Aristoteles Thierkunde, kritischberichtigter Text mit deutscher Übersetzung, sachlicher und sprachlicher Erklärung und vollständigem Index. [Aristotle's Animal Science, Critical Analysed Text with German Translation, Factual and Lingual Explanation, and Complete Index.] Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 498 pp.
5. BAKER J.E. 1987: Electrophoretic analysis of amylase isozymes in geographical strains of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), S. zeamais Motsch., and S. granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 23: 125-131.
6. BEAVIS I.C. 1988: Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity. Alden Press, Oxford, 269 pp.
7. BEIRAS M.J. & PETITPIERRE E. 1981: Allozymic variablity and genetic differentiation in three species of Sitophilus L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Egypt J. Genet. Cytol. 10: 95-104.
8. BIRCH L.C. 1944: Two strains of Calandra oryzae L. (Coleoptera). Austral. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci. 22: 271-275.
9. BIRCH L.C. 1954: Experiments on the relative abundance of the two sibling species of grain weevil. Austral. J. Zool. 2: 66-74.
10. BODENHEIMER F.S. 1928: Materialien zur Geschichte der Entomologie bis Linné. Band I. [Sources for the History of Entomology up to Linné. Vol. I.] W. Junk, Berlin, 498 pp.
11. BRETSCHNEIDER J. 1999: Das Geheimnis von Nabada. [The secret of Nabada]. Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1999(4): 43-53.
12. BRYK F. 1954: Bienen und Kornwurm, die erste Vorhut in der mikrographischen Darstellung. [Bees and grain vermin, first objects in microscopic illustration.] Entomol. Tidskr. 75: 29-38.
13. BUCKLAND P.C. 1981: The early dispersal of insect pests of stored products as indicated by archaeological records. J. Stored Prod. Res. 17: 1-12.
14. BUCKLAND P.C. 1990: Granaries stores and insects. The archaeology of insect synanthropy. In Fournier D. & Sigaut F. (eds): La Préparation Alimentaire des Céréales. Rapports Présentés à la Table Ronde, Ravello au Centre Universitaire pour les Biens Culturels, Avril 1988. PACT, Rixensart, Belgium, pp. 69-81.
15. BÜCHNER S. & WOLF G. 1997: Der Kornkäfer - Sitophilus granarius (Linné) - aus einer Bandkeramischen Grube bei Göttingen. [The Granary Weevil - Sitophilus granarius (Linné) - from a band ceramic archaeological site near Göttingen.] Archäol. Korrespond. 27: 211-220.
16. CHARLES M. 2007: East of Eden? A consideration of neolithic crop spectra in the eastern Fertile Crescent and beyond. InColledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 37-52.
17. CHARVÁT P. 1999: The Neolithic revolution: a manipulation, a misunderstanding or a myth? In Klengel H. & Renger J. (eds): Landwirtschaft im alten Orient. [Agriculture in the Ancient Orient.] Selected Contributions of the 41st International Assyriological Meeting, Berlin, 4.-8. 7. 1994. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, pp. 77-81.
18. CHOWN S.L. 2002: Respiratory water loss in insects. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133: 791-804.
19. CHU H.F. & WANG L.-Y. 1975: Insect carcasses unearthed from the Chinese antique tombs. Acta Entomol. Sin. 18: 333-337.
20. CLAIRVILLE DE J.P. & SCHELLENBERG J.R. 1798: Entomologie Helvétique ou Catalogue des Insectes de la Suisse Rangé d'après une Novelle Méthode. [Swiss Entomology and a Catalogue of Swiss Insects Arranged According to a New Method.] Füssli & Co., Zurich.
21. COGBURN R.R. & VICK K.W. 1981: Distribution of Angoumois grain moth, almond moth, and Indian meal moth in rice fields and rice stores in Texas as indicated by pheromone baited adhesive traps. Envir. Entomol. 10: 1003-1007.
22. COLLEDGE S. & CONOLLY J. 2007: A review and synthesis of the evidence for the origin of farming on Cyprus and Crete. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 53-74.
23. CONORD C., DESPRES L., VALLIER A., BALMAND S., MIQUEL C., ZUNDEL S., LEMPERIERE G. & HEDDI A. 2008: Long-term evolutionary stability of bacterial endosymbiosis in the Curculionidea: additional evidence of symbiont replacement in the Dryophthoridae family. Mol. Biol. Evol. 25: 859-868.
24. COTTON R.T. 1920: Tamarind pod-borer, Sitophilus linearis (Herbst). J. Agric. Res. 20: 439-446.
25. COTTON R.T. 1924: Monograph of the Genus Sitophilus Schoenherr. PhD. thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies, George Washington University, Washington D.C.
26. CROWSON R.A. 1981: The Biology of the Coleoptera. Academic Press, London, 802 pp.
27. DELOBEL B. & GRENIER A.M. 1993: Effect of non-cereal food on cereal weevils and tamarind pod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 29: 7-14.
28. DOBIE P. & KILMINSTER A.M. 1978: The susceptibility of triticale to post-harvest infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.). J. Stored Prod. Res. 14: 87-93.
29. DUNCAN F.D. & BYRNE M.J. 2002: Respiratory airflow in a wingless dung beetle. J. Exp. Biol. 205: 2489-2497.
30. EWER R.F. 1945: The effect of grain size on the oviposition of Calandra granaria Linn. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A) 20: 57-63.
31. FESQ-MARTIN M. 2000: Gräser und Körner, die Wurzeln unserer Kultur. [Grasses and seeds, the roots of our culture.] Natur Kosmos 2000(3): 22-31.
32. FLACH D. 1990: Römische Agrargeschichte. [History of Roman Agriculture.] Beck, München, 347 pp.
33. FLANNERY K.V. 1973: The origins of agriculture. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2: 271-310.
34. FLOYD E.H. & NEWSOM L.D. 1959: Biological study of the rice weevil complex. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 52: 687-695.
35. FREY W. 1962: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Quarantäneschädlinge auf dem Gebiete des Vorratsschutzes. II. Die Unterscheidung von Reiskäfer (Sitophilus oryzae L.) und Maiskäfer (Sitophilus zea-mais Motsch.). [Contribution for identification of quarantine pests in stored product protection: II. Differentiation of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) from maize weevil (Sitophilus zea-mais Motsch.).] NachrBl. Dt. PflSchutzdienst. 14: 145-149.
36. GIL R., BELDA E., GOSALBES M.J., DELAYE L., VALLIER A., VINCENT-MONÉGAT C., HEDDI A., SILVA F.J., MOYA A. & LATORRE A. 2008: Massive presence of insertion sequences in the genome of SOPE, the primary endosymbiont of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. Int. Microbiol. 11: 41-48.
37. GRENIER A.M., NARDON C. & NARDON P. 1994a: The role of symbiotes in flight activity of Sitophilus weevils. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 70: 201-208.
38. GRENIER A.M., PINTUREAU B. & NARDON P. 1994b: Enzymatic variability in three species of Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 30: 201-213.
39. GYULAI F. 2007: Seed and fruit remains associated with neolithic origins in the Carpathian Basin. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 125-140.
40. HAGSTRUM D.W., FLINN P.W. & HOWARD R.W. 1996: Ecology. In Hagstrum D.W. & Subramanyam B. (eds): Integrated Management of Insects in Stored Products. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 71-134.
41. HAMMER K., HONDELMANN W. & PLARRE W. 1997: Von der Wild-(Nutzpflanze) zur Kulturpflanze. [From wild utilized plants to cultured plants.] In Odenbach W. (ed.): Biologische Grundlagen der Pflanzenzüchtung. Parey, Berlin, pp. 3-34.
42. HEDDI A. & NARDON P. 2005: Sitophilus oryzae L.: a model for intracellular symbiosis in the Dryophthoridae weevils (Coleoptera). Symbiosis 39: 1-11.
43. HEDDI A., LEFEBVRE F. & NARDON P. 1991: The influence of symbiosis on the respiratory control ratio (RCR) and the ADP/O ratio in the adult weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Endocytobiosis Cell Res. 8: 61-73.
44. HEDDI A., LEFEBVRE F. & NARDON P. 1993: Effect of endocytobiotic bacteria on mitochondrial enzymatic activities in the weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 23: 403-411.
45. HEDDI A., CHARLES H. & KATCHADOURIAN C. 2001: Intracellular bacterial symbiosis in the genus Sitophilus: the 'biological individual' concept revisisted. Mini-review. Res. Microbiol. 152: 431-437.
46. HEDDI A., VALLIER A., ANSELME C., XIN H., RAHBE Y. & WÄCKERS F. 2005: Molecular and cellular profiles of insect bacteriocytes: mutualism and harm at the initial evolutionary step of symbiogenesis. Cell. Microbiol. 7: 293-305.
47. HESELHAUS F. 1925: Die Kleinhöhlenfauna. [The fauna in small shelters.] SitzBer. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. Westf. (D: Berichte des Botanischen und Zoologischen Vereins für Rheinland-Westfalen) 1923: 1-7.
48. HIDAYAT P., PHILLIPS T.W. & FFRENCH-CONSTANT R.H. 1996: Molecular and morphological characters discriminate Sitophilus oryzae and S. zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and confirm reproducive isolation. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 89: 645-652.
49. HOLLOWAY G.J. & SMITH R.H. 1987: Sexual selection of body weight in Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Stored Prod. Res. 23: 197-202.
50. HOPF M. & ZACHARIAE G. 1971: Determination of botanical and zoological remains from Ramat Matred and Arad. Israel Explor. J. 21: 63-64.
51. HOWE R.W. 1965: Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) breeding in acorns. J. Stored Prod. Res. 1: 99-100.
52. JANKUHN H. 1969: Vor- und Frühgeschichte vom Neolithikum bis zur Völkerwanderung. [Pre- and early history from the Neolithicum to the mass migration.] In Franz G. (ed.): Deutsche Agrargeschichte I. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
53. JARRIGE J.-F. & MEADOW R.H. 1980: The antecedents of civilization in the Indus valley. Sci. Am. 243: 102-120.
54. KAJALE M.D. 1991: Current status of Indian palaeoethnobotany: introduced and indigenous food plants with a discussion of the historical and evolutionary development of Indian agriculture and agricultural systems in general. In Renfrew J.M. (ed.): New Light on Early Farming. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 155-189.
55. KAUSHAL B.R., PANT M.C., KALIA S., JOSHI R. & BORA R. 1993: Aspects of the biology and control of the three species of acorn weevils infesting oak acorns in Kumaun Himalaya. J. Appl. Entomol. 115: 388-397.
56. KELLER O. 1913: Die antike Tierwelt. [The Animal Kingdom in Antiquity.] Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
57. KHAN N.R. & MUSGRAVE A.J. 1968: Some anatomical differences of possible taxonomic value in the female reproductive organs of Sitophilus (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Can. Entomol. 100: 1226-1228.
58. KHARE B.P. & AGRAWAL N.S. 1964: Rodent and ant burrows as sources of insect innoculum in the threshing floors. Indian J. Entomol. 26: 97-102.
59. KIRITANI K. 1959: Flying ability and some of the characters associated with it in Calandra. Jap. J. Ecol. 9: 69-74.
60. KIRITANI K. 1965: Biological studies on the Sitophilus complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Japan. J. Stored Prod. Res. 1: 169-176.
61. KISLEV M.E., HARTMANN A. & GALILI E. 2004: Archaeobotanical and archaeoentomological evidence from a well at Atlit-Yam indicates colder, more humid climate on the Israeli coast during the PPNC period. J. Archaeol. Sci. 31: 1301-1310.
62. KUSCHEL G. 1961: On problems of synonymy in the Sitophilus oryzae complex. Annu. Mag. Nat. Hist. 13: 241-244.
63. th cuneiform tablet of the HAR-RA=HUBULLU series.] Abh. Phil.-Hist. Kl. Sächs. Akad. Wiss. 42: No. 6.
64. LEFÈVRE C., CHARLES H., VALLIER A., DELOBEL B., FARRELL B. & HEDDI A. 2004: Endosymbiont phylogenesis in the Dryophthoridae weevils: evidence for bacterial replacement. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21: 965-973.
65. LEHMANN F.-O. 2002: Atmung bei Insekten. [Gas exchange in insects.] Naturwiss. Rdsch. 55: 156-157.
66. LEHMANN F.-O. 2003: Kontrollierter Wasserverlust bei Insekten. [Controlled waterloss in insects.] Naturwiss. Rdsch. 56: 276-278.
67. LEVINSON H.Z. & LEVINSON A.R. 1978: Dried seeds, plant and animal tissue as food favoured by storage insect species. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 24: 305-317.
68. LEVINSON H.Z. & LEVINSON A.R. 1985: Storage and insect species of stored grain and tombs in ancient Egypt. Z. Angew. Entomol. 100: 321-339
69. LEVINSON H.Z. & LEVINSON A.R. 1994: Origin of grain storage and insect species consuming desiccated food. Anz. Schädlingsk. Pfl. UmwSch. 67: 47-60.
70. LEVINSON H.Z. & LEVINSON A.R. 1998a: Instinctive grain storage habitually performed by certain animal species. Integr. Prot. Stored Prod. IOBC Bull. 21: 141-142.
71. LEVINSON H.Z. & LEVINSON A.R. 1998b: Control of stored food pests in the ancient Orient and classical antiquity. J. Appl. Entomol. 122: 137-144.
72. LEVINSON H.Z. & LEVINSON A.R. 1999: Instinctive and intentional food storage by animals and man. Spixiana 22: 181-187.
73. LINNAEUS C. 1758: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 + iii pp.
74. LINSLEY E.G. 1944: Natural sources, habitats, and reservoirs of insects associated with stored food products. Hilgardia 16: 187-214.
75. LONGSTAFF B.C. 1981: Biology of the grain pest species of the genus Sitophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a critical review. Prot. Ecol. 2: 83-130.
76. LUM P.T.M. & BAKER J.E. 1973: Development of mycetomes in larvae of Sitophilus granarius and S. oryzae. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 66: 1261-1263.
77. LYAL C.H.C. & CURRAN L.M. 2000: Seed-feeding beetles of the weevil tribe Mecysolobini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae) developing in seeds of trees in the Dipterocarpaceae. J. Nat. Hist. 34: 1743-1847.
78. LYAL C.H.C. & CURRAN L.M. 2003: More than black and white: a new genus of nanophyine predators of Dipterocarpaceae and a review of Meregallia Alonso-Zarazaga (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Nanophyidae). J. Nat. Hist. 37: 57-105.
79. MANSOUR K. 1930: Preliminary studies on the bacterial cellmass (accessory cell-mass) of Calandra oryzae (Linn.). Quart. J. Microsc. Sci. s2-73: 465-476.
80. MARINOVA E. 2007: Archaeobotanical data from the early Neolithic of Bulgaria. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 93-110.
81. MARSHALL G.A.K. 1920: Some new injurious weevils. Bull. Entomol. Res. 11: 271-278.
82. MARSHALL G.A.K. 1940: The Indian species of Calandra, F. (Col. Curcul.). Bull. Entomol. Res. 31: 123-125.
83. MCLAURIN B.F. & DOWNE A.E.R. 1966: Serological comparison of three species of grain weevils (Curculionida: Sitophilus). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 39: 500-505.
84. MEIGGS R. 1982: Trees And Timber In The Ancient Mediterranean World. Clarendon Press, Oxford, xviii + 553 pp.
85. th millennia cal BC. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 111-124.
86. MORRIS M.G. 1976: An introduction to the biology of weevils. Proc. Br. Entomol. Nat. Hist. Soc. 9: 66-82.
87. MÜLLER K. 1927: Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Kornkäfers. [Contribution to the knowledge about the granary weevil.] Z. Angew. Entomol. 13: 313-374.
88. th Latin Edition. Part 5, Insecta, Vol. 1] Raspe, Nürnberg, 758 pp.
89. MURPHY D.J. 2007: People, Plants, and Genes. The Story of Crops and Humanity. Oxford University Press, 401 pp.
90. NARDON P. 1971: Contribution à l'étude des symbiotes ovariens de Sitophilus sasakii: isolation, histochemie et ultrastructure chez la femelle adulte. [Contribution to the ovarian symbiotic organisation in Sitophilus sasakii: isolation, histochemistry and ultrastucture in the adult female.] C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris (D) 272: 2975-2978.
91. NARDON P. 2006: Ovogenèse et transmission des bactéries symbiotiques chez le charançon Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). [Oogenesis and transmission of symbiotic bacteria in the weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).] Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 42: 129-164.
92. NARDON P. & GRENIER A.M. 1988: Genetical and biochemical interactions between the host and its endosymbiotes in the weevils Sitophilus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and other related species. In Scannerini S., Smith D.C., Bonfante-Fasolo P. & Gianinazzi-Pearson V. (eds): Cell to Cell Signals in Plant, Animal and Microbial Symbiosis. Springer, Berlin, pp. 255-270.
93. NARDON P., LEFÈVRE C., DELOBEL B., CHARLES H. & HEDDI A. 2002: Occurrence of endosymbiosis in Dryopthoridae weevils: Cytological insights into bacterial symbiotic structures. Symbiosis 33: 227-241.
94. NELSON D.R., FATLAND C.L. & BAKER J.E. 1984: Mass spectral analysis of epicuticular n-alkadienes in three Sitophilus weevils. Insects Biochem. 14: 435-444.
95. NORDBERG S. 1936: Biologisch-ökologische Untersuchungen über die Vogelnidicolen. [Biological and ecological investigations on nidicolous species in bird nests.] Acta Zool. Fenn. 21: 1-168.
96. O'MEARA B. 2001: Bacterial Symbiosis and Plant Host Use Evolution in Dryophthorinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). A Phylogenetic Study Using Parsimony and Bayesian Analysis. Bachelor thesis, Department of Biology, Harvard University, 69 pp.
97. OSCHE G. 1973: Das "Wesen" der biologischen Evolution. [The background of biological evolution.] In Ditfurth von H. (ed.): Mannheimer Forum 73/74. Boehringer, Mannheim, pp. 9-50.
98. PANAGIOTAKOPULU E. 1999: An examination of biological materials from coprolites from XVIII dynasty Amarna, Egypt. J. Archaeol. Sci. 26: 547-551.
99. PANAGIOTAKOPULU E. 2000: Archaeology and entomology in the Eastern Mediterranean. Research into the history of insect synanthropy in Greece and Egypt. Br. Archaeol. Rep. Int. Ser. 836.
100. PANAGIOTAKOPULU E. 2001: New records for ancient pests: Archaeoentomology in Egypt. J. Archaeol. Sci. 28: 1235-1246.
101. PANAGIOTAKOPULU E. & BUCKLAND P.C. 1991: Insect pests of stored products from late bronze age Santorini, Greece. J. Stored Prod. Res. 27: 179-184.
102. PANAGIOTAKOPULU E., BUCKLAND P.C., DAY P., SARPAKI A. & DOUMAS C. 1995: Natural insecticides and insect repellents in antiquity: a review of the evidence. J. Archaeol. Sci. 22: 705-710.
103. PENG W.K., LIN H.C., CHEN C.N. & WANG C.H. 2002: DNA identification of two laboratory colonies of the weevils, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and S. zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Taiwan. J. Stored Prod. Res. 39: 225-235.
104. PLARRE R. & BURKHOLDER W.E. 2003: Stored products as habitats. In Resh V.H. & Cardé R.T. (eds): Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 1089-1094.
105. RAMIREZ-MARTINEZ M., ALBA-AVILA DE A. & RAMIREZ-ZURBIA R. 1994: Discovery of the larger grain borer in a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico. J. Appl. Entomol. 118: 354-360.
106. REICHMUTH C., SCHÖLLER M. & ULRICHS C. 2007: Stored Product Pests in Grain. AgroConcept, Bonn.
107. RICKMAN G. 1980: The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 290 pp.
108. RILEY N.D. & MELVILLE R.V. 1959: Opinion 572. Suppression under the plenary powers of the generic name Calandra Clairville and Schellenberg, 1798, and validation under the same powers of the specific name abbreviatus Fabricius, 1787, as published in the binomen Curculio abbreviatus (class Insecta, order Coleoptera). Bull. Zool. Nomencl. 17: 112-116.
109. ROBINSON W. 1926: Low temperature and moisture as factors in the ecology of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. and the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. Univ. Minnesota Agric. St. Tech. Bull. 41: 1-40.
110. SALEH R.Y.A.A. 1990: Comparative Study on the Biology and Morphology of two Different Grain Weevil Strains: Sitophilus granarius granarius (L.) and Sitophilus granarius africanus Zacher (Curculionidae, Coleoptera). Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University.
111. SCHIMITSCHEK E. 1975: Über Insektenfunde aus der Römerzeit. [About insect findings from ancient Roman times.] Anz. Schädlingsk. Pfl. UmwSch. 48: 33-35.
112. SCHÖNBERGER O. 2000: Marcus Porcius Cato. Vom Landbau. Fragmente. [Marcus Porcius Cato. About Agriculture. Fragments.] Artemis and Winkler, Düsseldorf, 547 pp.
113. SCHWARTZ B.E. & BURKHOLDER W.E. 1991: Development of the granary weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on barley, corn, oats, rice, and wheat. J. Econ. Entomol. 84: 1047-1052.
114. SHEN Z., PAPPAN K., MUTTI N.S., HE Q.-J., DENTON M., ZHANG Y., KANOST M.R., REESE J.C. & REECK G.R. 2005: Pectinmethylesterase from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae: cDNA isolation and sequencing, genetic origin, and expression of the recombinant enzyme. J. Insect Sci. 5: 1-9.
115. SHERRATT A. 2007: Diverse origins: regional contributions to the genesis of farming. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 1-20.
116. SOLOMON M.E. 1965: Archaeological records of storage pests: Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from an Egyptian pyramid tomb. J. Stored Prod. Res. 1: 105-107.
117. STAMPS W.T. & LINIT M.J. 2002: Oviposition choice by the black walnut curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): a ten-year study. Envir. Entomol. 31: 281-284.
118. SUDHAUS W. 2004: Radiation within the framework of evolutionary ecology. Organisms Divers. Evol. 4: 127-134.
119. SUNDEVALL C.J. 1863: Die Thierarten des Aristoteles von den Klassen der Säugethiere, Vögel, Reptilien und Insecten. [Aristotle's Animal Species of the classes mammals, birds, reptiles and insects.] Samson und Wallin, Stockholm.
120. SURTEES G. 1965: Effect of grain size on development of the weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. (A) 40: 38-40.
121. TAYLOR T.A. 1971: On the flight activity of Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and some other graininfesting beetles in the field and store. J. Stored Prod. Res. 6: 295-306.
122. TEMPLETON A.R. 2008: The reality and importance of founder speciation in evolution. BioEssays 30: 470-479.
123. TREMATERRA P., FONTANA F. & MANCINI M. 1996: Analysis of development rates of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in five cereals of the genus Triticum. J. Stored Prod. Res. 32: 315-322.
124. VALAMOTI S.-M. & KOTSAKIS K. 2007: Transition to agriculture in the Aegean: the archaeobotanical evidence. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 75-92.
125. WALGENBACH C.A. & BURKHOLDER W.E. 1987: Mating behavior of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 80: 578-583.
126. WALGENBACH C.A., PHILLIPS J.K., FAUSTINI D.L. & BURKHOLDER W.E. 1983: Male-produced aggregation pheromone of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and interspecific attraction between three Sitophilus species. J. Chem. Ecol. 9: 831-841.
127. WEIDNER H. 1961: Die Entstehung der Hausinsekten. [Origin of house insects.] Z. Angew. Entomol. 42: 429-447.
128. WEIDNER H. 1983: Herkunft einiger in Mitteleuropa vorkommender Vorratsschädlinge: 1. Die Sitophilus Arten (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). [Origin of European stored productpests: 1. the Sitophilus species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).] Mitt. Int. Entomol. Ver. V. Frankfurt a. M. 8: 1-24.
129. WEIDNER H. 1988: Volksinsektenkunde von Nordostbayern: Feldschädlinge im 16. bis 19. Jahrhundert. [Ethnological entomology of northeast Bavaria: Agricultural pests in the 16th to 19th century.] Anz. Schädlingsk. Pfl. UmwSch. 61: 81-85.
130. WEISDORF J.L. 2005: From foraging to farming: explaining the Neolithic revolution. J. Econ. Surv. 19: 561-586.
131. WHITLOCK M.C. 1997: Founder effects and peak shifts without genetic drift: adaptive peak shifts occur easily when environments fluctuate slightly. Evolution 51: 1044-1048.
132. WILLCOX G. 2007: The adoption of farming and the beginning of the Neolitic in the Euphrates valley: cereal exploitation between the 12th and 8th millennia cal BC. In Colledge S. & Conolly J. (eds): The Origins and Spread of Domestic Plants in Southwest Asia and Europe. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, pp. 21-36.
133. WITTSTEIN G.C. 1881: Die Naturgeschichte des Cajus Plinius Secundus. [Pliny's Natural History.] Gressner and Schramm, Leipzig.
134. WOJCIK D.P. 1969: Mating behavior of 8 stored-product beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae, Tenebrionidae, Cucujidae, and Curculionidae). Fla Entomol. 52: 171-197.
135. WRIGHT V.F., FLEMING E.E. & POST D. 1990: Survival of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) on fruits and seeds collected from woodrat nests in Kansas. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 63: 344-347.
136. ZACHER F. 1931: Vorratsschädlinge und Speicherwirtschaft im alten und neuen Ägypten. [Stored product pests and storage systems in ancient and modern Egypt.] Forschun. Fortschr. 10: 347-348.
137. ZHERIKHIN V.V. 2000: Tertiary Brachycerid weevils (Coleoptera: Brachyceridae) from the collection of Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, with a review of other fossil Brachyceridae. Paleontol. J. (Suppl. 3) 34: 333-343.
138. ZIMMERMANN A. 2002: Der Beginn der Landwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa. [The beginning of agriculture in central Europe.] In Menghin W. & Planck D. (eds): Menschen, Zeiten, Räume - Archäologie in Deutschland. Staatliche Museen Berlin und Theiß, Stuttgart, pp. 133-134.
139. ZWÖLFER H. 1975: Rüsselkäfer und ihre Umwelt - ein Kapitel Ökologie. [Weevils and environment - a chapter about ecology.] Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. (C) 3: 19-31