Loxoscelism: From basic research to the proposal of new therapies

Toxicon

Volumn 56, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1113-1119

  Tambourgi, Denise V ^a   Gonçalves de Andrade, Rute M ^a   van den Berg, Carmen W ^b  

^a INSTITUTO BUTANTAN   (Brazil)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLORPHENIRAMINE; DAPSONE; ENDOTHELIAL PROTEIN C RECEPTOR; GELATINASE B; HEPARIN; PHENTOLAMINE; PROTEIN C; SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE D; SPIDER VENOM; SPIDER VENOM ANTISERUM; STEROID; THROMBIN;

CELL INFILTRATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING; ENVENOMATION; ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEMOLYSIS; HUMAN; HYPERBARIC OXYGEN; INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS; KERATINOCYTE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LOXOSCELISM; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SKIN NECROSIS; SPIDER BITE;

ANIMALS; ANTIVENINS; ARACHNIDISM; HUMANS; MODELS, ANIMAL; RABBITS; SPIDER VENOMS; SPIDERS; WOUND HEALING;

ARANEAE; LOXOSCELES;

EID: 77957895644     PISSN: 00410101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.021     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Acharya M.R., Venitz J., Figg W.D., Sparreboom A. Chemically modified tetracyclines as inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Drug Resist. Updat. 2004, 7:195-208.
2. Álvares E.S.S., Rodrigues T., de Maria M. On Loxosceles anomala (Mello-Leitão) (Araneae: Sicariidae). Rev. Ibér. Aracnol. 2004, 10:293-295.
3. Atkins J.A., Wingo C.W., Flynn J.E. Necrotic arachnidism. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 1958, 7:165-184.
4. Babcock J.L., Marmer D.J., Steele R.W. Immunotoxicology of brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) venom. Toxicon 1986, 24:783-790.
5. Barbaro K.C., Sousa M.C., Morthy L., von Eickstedt V.R., Mota I. Compared chemical properties of dermonecrotic and lethal toxins from spiders of the genus Loxosceles (Aranaeae). J. Protein Chem. 1996, 15:337-343.
6. Barreto C.O., Cardoso J.L., de Cillo D. Viscerocutaneous form of loxocelism and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate deficiency. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo 1985, 27:264-267.
7. Barrett S.M., Romine-Jenkins M., Fisher D.E. Dapsone or electric shock treatment of brown recluse spider envenomation. Ann. Emerg. Med 1994, 24:21-25.
8. Berger R.S., Adelstein E.H., Anderson P.C. Intravascular coagulation: the cause of necrotic arachnidism. J. Invest. Dermatol 1973, 61:142-150.
9. Bernheimer A.W., Campbell B.J., Forrester L.J. Comparative toxinology of Loxosceles reclusa and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Science 1985, 228:590-591.
10. Binford G.J., Bodner M.R., Cordes M.H., Baldwin K.L., Rynerson M.R., Burns S.N., Zobel-Thropp P.A. Molecular evolution, functional variation, and proposed nomenclature of the gene family that includes sphingomyelinase D in sicariid spider venoms. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2009, 26:547-566.
11. Cheng B., Fu X., Sun T., Sun X. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and related phosphorylation proteins in hypertrophic scars and normal skin. Chin. Med. J 2002, 115:1525-1528.
12. da Silveira R.B., Dos Santos Filho J.F., Mangilini O.C., Veiga S.S., Gremski W., Nader H.B., Von Dietrich C.P. Identification of proteases in the extract of venom glands from brown spiders. Toxicon 2002, 40:815-822.
13. de Almeida D.M., Fernandes-Pedrosa M.F., Gonçalves-de-Andrade R.M., Marcelino J.R., Gondo-Higashi H., De Azevedo I.L.M.J., Ho P.L., van den Berg C.W., Tambourgi D.V. A new anti-loxoscelisc serum produced against recombinant sphingomyelinase D: results of preclinical trials. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg 2008, 79:463-470.
14. de Oliveira K.C., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Piazza R.M.F., Ferreira Junior J.M.C., van den Berg C.W., Tambourgi D.V. Variations in Loxosceles spider venom composition and toxicity contribute to the severity of envenomation. Toxicon 2005, 45:421-429.
15. de Oliveira K.C., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Giusti A.L., Dias da Silva W., Tambourgi D.V. Sex-linked variation of Loxosceles intermedia spider venoms. Toxicon 1999, 37:217-221.
16. de Santi Ferrara G.I., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., Junqueira de Azevedo I.L., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Portaro F.C., Manzoni de Almeida D., Murakami M.T., Arni R.K., van den Berg C.W., Ho P.L., Tambourgi D.V. SMase II, a new sphingomyelinase D from Loxosceles laeta venom gland: molecular cloning, expression, function and structural analysis. Toxicon 2009, 53:743-753.
17. Elston M.D., Miller M.S., Young R.J., Eggers J., McGlasson D., Schmidt W.H., Brush A. Comparation of colchicines, dapsone, triamcinolone and diphenhydramine therapy for the treatment of brown recluse spider envenomation. Arch. Dermatol 2005, 141:595-597.
18. Esmon N.L., Owen W.G., Esmon C.T. Isolation of a membrane-bound cofactor for thrombin-catalyzed activation of protein C. J. Biol. Chem. 1982, 257:859-864.
19. Feitosa L., Gremski W., Veiga S.S. Detection and characterization of metalloproteinases with gelatinolytic, fibronectinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities in brown spider (Loxosceles intermedia) venom. Toxicon 1998, 36:1039-1051.
20. FernandesPedrosa M.F., Junqueira de Azevedo I.L., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Kobashi L.S., Almeida D.D., Ho P.L., Tambourgi D.V. Transcriptome analysis of Loxosceles laeta (Araneae, Sicariidae) spider venomous gland using expressed sequence tags. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:279.
21. FernandesPedrosa M.F., Junqueira de Azevedo I.L.M., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., van den Berg C.W., Ramos C.R.R., Ho P.L., Tambourgi D.V. Molecular cloning and expression of a functional dermonecrotic and haemolytic factor from Loxosceles laeta venom. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 2002, 298:638-645.
22. Fernandez G.C., Te Loo M.W., van der Velden T.J., van der Heuvel L.P., Palermo M.S., Monnens L.L. Decrease of thrombomodulin contributes to the procoagulant state of endothelium in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr. Nephro 2003, 18:1066-1068.
23. Fischer M.L., Vasconcellos Neto J. Microhabitats occupied by Loxosceles intermedia and Loxosceles laeta (Araneae: Sicariidae) in Curitiba, Paraná. Brazil. J. Med. Entomol 2005, 42:756-765.
24. Forrester L.J., Barrett J.T., Campbell B.J. Red blood cell lysis induced by the venom of the brown recluse spider: the role of sphingomyelinase D. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 1978, 187:355-365.
25. Futrell J.M. Loxoscelism. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1992, 304:261-267.
26. Gertsch W.J. The spider genus Loxosceles in South America (Araneae, Scytodidae). Bul. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist 1967, 136:117-178.
27. Gibson S.B. Epidermal growth factor and trail interactions in epithelial-derived cells. Vitam. Horm 2004, 67:207-227.
28. Golub L.M., Lee H.M., Ryan M.E., Giannobile W.V., Payne J., Sorsa T. Tetracyclines inhibit connective tissues breakdown by multiple non-antimicrobial mechanisms. Adv. Dental Res. 1998, 12:12-26.
29. Gonçalves deAndrade R.M., de Oliveira K.C., Giusti A.L., Dias da Silva W., Tambourgi D.V. Ontogenetic development of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom. Toxicon 1999, 37:627-632.
30. Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Galati E.A.B., Tambourgi D.V. Presença de Loxosceles similis Moenkhaus, 1898 (Araneae, Sicariidae) na Serra da Bodoquena, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 2001, 34:275-277.
31. Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Tambourgi D.V. First record on Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet, 1849) (Araneae, Sicariidae) in the West Zone of São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil, and considerations regarding its geographic distribution. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 2003, 36:425-426.
32. Koh W.L. When to worry about spiders bite: inaccurate diagnosis can have serious, even fatal, consequences. Postgrad. Med 1998, 103:235-250.
33. Kurpiewski G., Forrester L.J., Barrett J.T., Campbell B.J. Platelet aggregation and sphingomyelinase D activity of a purified toxin from the venom of Loxosceles reclusa. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1981, 678:467-476.
34. Mackinnon J.E., Witkind J. Arachnidismo necrótico. Ann. Fac. Med. Montevideo 1953, 38:75-100.
35. Malaque C.M.S., Castro Valencia J.E., Cardoso J.L.C., França F.O.S., Bárbaro K.C., Fan H.W. Clinical and epidemiological features of definitive and presumed loxoscelism in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Int. Med. Trop. S. Paulo 2002, 44:139-143.
36. Martins R., Knysak I., Bertani R. A new species of Loxosceles of the laeta group from Brazil (Araneae: Sicariidae). Zootaxa 2002, 94:1-6.
37. McNamara P.J., Cuevas W.A., Songer J.G. Toxic phospholipases D of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Corynebacterium ulcerans and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: cloning and sequence homology. Gene 1995, 156:113-118.
38. Mello-Leitão C.F. Notas arachnologicas. 5, Espécies novas ou pouco conhecidas do Brasil. Broteria 1917, 15:74-102.
39. Mold J.W., Thompson D.M. Management of brown recluse spider bites in primary care. J. Am. Board Fam. Pract 2004, 1:347-352.
40. Moolenaar W.H. Bioactive lysophospholipids and their G protein-coupled receptors. Exp. Cell Res. 1999, 253:230-238.
41. Murakami M.T., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., Tambourgi D.V., Arni R.K. Structural basis for metal ion coordination and the catalytic mechanism of sphingomyelinases D. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:13658-13664.
42. Paixão Cavalcante D., van den Berg C.W., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Tambourgi D.V. Role of matriz metalloproteinases in HaCaT keratinocytes apoptosis induced by Loxosceles venom Sphingomyelinase D. J. Invest. Dermatol 2006, 126:61-68.
43. Paixão Cavalcante D., van den Berg C.W., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Fernandes Pedrosa M.de F., Okamoto C.K., Tambourgi D.V. Tetracycline protects against dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles spider venom. J. Invest. Dermatol 2007, 127:1410-1418.
44. Pizzi T. A histopathological study on necrotic arachnidism by Loxosceles laeta. Bol. Chil. Parasitol 1957, 30:34-36.
45. Platnick N.I. The World Spider Catalog, Version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History 2009, online at. http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html.
46. Pretel F., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Magnoli F.C., Dilva M.E.R., Ferreira J.M.F., van den Berg C.W., Tambourgi D.V. Analysis of the toxic potential of venom from Loxosceles adelaida, a Brazilian Brown spider from karstic areas. Toxicon 2005, 45:449-458.
47. Ramos-Cerrillo B., Olvera A., Odell G.V., Zamudio F., Paniagua-Solís J., Alagón A., Stock R.P. Genetic and enzymatic characterization of sphingomyelinase D isoforms from the North American fiddleback spiders Loxosceles boneti and Loxosceles reclusa. Toxicon 2004, 44:507-514.
48. Rees R.S., Altenbern D.P., Lynch J.B., King L.E. Brown recluse spider bites: a comparison of early surgical excision versus dapsone and delayed surgical excision. Ann. Surg 1985, 20:659-663.
49. Rees R.S., Nanney L.B., Yates R.A., King L.E. Interaction of brown recluse spider venom on cell membranes: the inciting mechanism?. J. Invest. Dermatol 1984, 83:270-275.
50. Satish L., Babu M., Tran K.T., Hebda P.A. Keloid fibroblasts responsiveness to epidermal growth factor and activation of downstream intracellular signaling pathways. Wound Repair Regen 2004, 12:183-192.
51. Sesin C.A., Yin X., Esmon C.T., Buyon J.P., Clancy R.M. Shedding of endothelial protein C receptor contributes to vasculopathy and renal injury in lupus: in vivo and in vitro evidence. Kidney Int. 2005, 68:110-120.
52. Shapiro L.E., Knowles S.R., Shear N.H. Comparative studies of tetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline. Arch. Dermatol 1997, 133:1224-1230.
53. Smith C.V., Micks D.W. The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the lesion caused by the venom of the brown spider, Loxosceles reclusa. Lab. Invest 1970, 22:141-144.
54. Stearns Kurosawa D.J., Kurosawa S., Mollica J.S., Ferrell G.L., Esmon C.T. The endothelial cell protein C receptor augments protein C activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1996, 93:10212-10216.
55. Sunderkotter C., Seeliger S., Schonlau F., Roth J., Hallmann R., Luger T.A., Sorg C., Kolde G. Different pathways leading to cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in mice. Exp. Dermatol 2001, 10:391-404.
56. Tambourgi D.V., de Sousa da Silva M., Billington S.J., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Magnoli F.C., Songer J.G., van den Berg C.W. Mechanism of induction of complement susceptibility of erythrocytes by spider and bacterial sphingomyelinases. Immunology 2002, 107:93-101.
57. Tambourgi D.V., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Billington S.J., Griffiths M., van den Berg C.W. Sphingomyelinases D induce direct association of C1q to the erythrocyte membrane causing complement mediated autologous haemolysis. Mol. Immunol 2007, 44:576-582.
58. Tambourgi D.V., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., van den Berg C.W., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Ferracini M., Paixão Cavalcante D., Morgan B.P., Rushmere N.K. Molecular cloning, expression, function and immunoreactivities of members of a gene family of sphingomyelinases from Loxosceles venom glands. Mol. Immunol 2004, 41:831-840.
59. Tambourgi D.V., Magnoli F.C., van den Berg C.W., Morgan B.P., Araújo P.S., Alves E.W., Dias da Silva W. Sphingomyelinases in the venom of the spider Loxosceles intermedia are responsible for both dermonecrosis and complement-dependent hemolysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 1998, 251:366-373.
60. Tambourgi D.V., Magnoli F.C., von Eickstedt V.R., Benedetti Z.C., Petricevich V.L., Dias da Silva W. Incorporation of a 35-kilodalton purified protein from Loxosceles intermedia spider venom transforms human erythrocytes into activators of autologous complement alternative pathway. J. Immunol 1995, 155:4459-4466.
61. Tambourgi D.V., Morgan B.P., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Magnoli F.C., van den Berg C.W. Loxosceles intermedia spider envenomation induces activation of an endogenous metalloproteinase, resulting in cleavage of glycophorins from the erythrocyte surface and facilitating complement-mediated lysis. Blood 2000, 95:683-691.
62. Tambourgi D.V., Paixão Cavalcante D., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., Magnoli F.C., Morgan B.P., van den Berg C.W. Loxosceles sphingomyelinase induces complement-dependent dermonecrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and endogenous gelatinase expression. J. Invest. Dermatol 2005, 124:725-731.
63. Tambourgi D.V., Petricevich V.L., Magnoli F.C., Assaf S.L., Jancar S., Dias da Silva W. Endotoxemic-like shock induced by Loxosceles spider venoms: pathological changes and putative cytokine mediators. Toxicon 1998, 36:391-403.
64. van den Berg C.W., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Magnoli F.C., Marchbank K.J., Tambourgi D.V. Loxosceles spider venom induces metalloproteinase mediated cleavage of MCP/CD46 and MHCI and induces protection against C-mediated lysis. Immunology 2002, 107:102-110.
65. van den Berg C.W., Gonçalves de Andrade R.M., Magnoli F.C., Tambourgi D.V. Loxosceles spider venom induces the release of trombomodulin and endothelial protein C receptor: implications for the pathogenesis of intravascular coagulation as observed in loxoscelism. J. Thromb. Haemost 2007, 5:989-995.
66. van Meeteren L.A., Frederiks F., Giepmans B.N., Fernandes Pedrosa M.F., Billington S.J., Jost B.H., Tambourgi D.V., Moolenaar W.H. Spider and bacterial sphingomyelinases D target cellular LPA receptors by hydrolyzing lysophosphatidylcholine. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:10833-10836.
67. Ward P.A., Cochrane C.B. Bound complement and immunologic injury of blood vessels. J. Exp. Med. 1965, 121:215-234.
68. Wasserman G.S., Anderson D.O. Loxoscelism and necrotic arachnidism. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol 1983-1984, 21:451-455.
69. Wille R.C., Morrow J.D. Case report: dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome associated with treatment of the bite of brown spider. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1998, 296:270-271.
70. Wilson J.R., Hagood C.O., Prather I.D. Brown recluse spider bites: a complex problem wound. A brief review and case study. Ostomy Wound Manage 2005, 51:59-66.
71. Wright R.P., Elgert K.D., Campbell B.J., Barrett J.T. Hyaluronidase and esterase activities of the venom of the poisonous brown recluse spider. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 1973, 159:415-426.