Early changes in the hypothalamic region in prodromal Huntington disease revealed by MRI analysis

Neurobiology of Disease

Volumn 40, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 531-543

  Soneson, Charlotte ^a,b   Fontes, Magnus ^a   Zhou, Yongxia ^b   Denisov, Vladimir ^a   Paulsen, Jane ^d,al   Kirik, Deniz ^a,b   Petersén, Åsa ^b   Paulson, Henry ^d   Elbert, Mackenzie ^d   Nopoulos, Peg ^d,al   Rodnitzky, Robert ^d   Uc, Ergun ^d   Beglinger, Leigh ^d   Duff, Kevin ^d,al   Magnotta, Vincent A ^d,v   Cross, Stephen ^d,al   Doucette, Nick ^al   Juhl, Andrew ^d,al   Schumacher, Jamy ^al   Kimble, Mycah ^d   Ryan, Pat ^d   Wood, Jessica ^d   Epping, Eric ^d,al   Thomsen, Teri ^d   Ames, David ^e   Chiu, Edmond ^e   Chua, Phyllis ^e   Yastrubetskaya, Olga ^e   Dingjan, Phillip ^e   Draper, Kristy ^e   Georgiou Karistianis, Nellie ^e   Goh, Anita ^bc   Komiti, Angela ^e   Raymond, Lynn ^f   Dar Santos, Rachelle ^f   Decolongon, Joji ^f   Rosenblatt, Adam ^g   Ross, Christopher A ^g,g   Agarwal, Abhijit ^g,l   Shpritz, Barnett ^g   Welsh, Claire ^g   Mallonee, William M ^h   Suter, Greg ^h   Samii, Ali ⁱ   Lipe, Hillary ⁱ   Weaver, Kurt ^i,au   Jones, Randi ^j   Harrison, Joan ^j   Ingram, Carol ^j   Wood Siverio, Cathy ^j   Factor, Stewart A ^j   Testa, Claudia ^j   Barker, Roger A ^k   Mason, Sarah ^k   McCusker, Elizabeth ^l   Griffith, Jane ^l   Bibb, Bernadette ^l   Richardson, Kylie ^l   Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard G ^m   Ecker, Daniel ^m   Weydt, Patrick ^m   Orth, Michael ^m   Süβmuth, Sigurd ^m   Barth, Katrin ^m   Trautmann, Sonja ^m   Quaid, Kimberly ⁿ   Wesson, Melissa ⁿ   Wojcieszek, Joanne ⁿ   Guttman, Mark ^o   Sheinberg, Alanna ^o   Singer, Adam ^o   Stober, Janice ^o   Perlman, Susan ^p   Johnson, Arik ^p   Geschwind, Michael D ^q   Gooblar, Jon ^q   Guzijan, Mira ^q   Warner, Tom ^r   Kloppel, Stefan ^r   Burrows, Maggie ^r   Andrews, Thomasin ^r   Rosser, Elisabeth ^r   Tabrizi, Sarah ^r   Rosser, Anne ^s   Naji, Jenny ^s   Price, Kathy ^s   Handley, Olivia Jane ^s   Como, Peter ^t   Chesire, Amy ^t   Marshall, Frederick ^t   Wodarski, Mary ^t   Suchowersky, Oksana ^u   Furtado, Sarah ^u   Klimek, Mary Lou ^u   Rosas, Diana ^v   Young, Anne ^v   Bender, Alex ^v   Zaleta, Alexandra ^v   Panegyres, Peter ^w   Connor, Carmela ^w   Vuletich, Elizabeth ^w   Woodman, Mark ^w   Zombor, Rachel ^w   Perlmutter, Joel ^x   Barton, Stacey ^x   Simpson, Sheila A ^y   Matheson, Kirsty ^y   Ure, Alexandra ^y   Craufurd, David ^z,ax   Fullam, Ruth ^z   Macleod, Rhona ^z   Sollom, Andrea ^z   Howard, Elizabeth ^z   Mazzoni, Pietro ^aa   Marder, Karen ^aa   Moskowitz, Carol ^aa   Wasserman, Paula ^aa   Seeberger, Lauren ^ab   Diamond, Alan ^ab   Erickson, Diane ^ab   Miracle, Dawn ^ab   Montellano, Sherrie ^ab   Kumar, Rajeev ^ab   Wheelock, Vicki ^ac   Tempkin, Terry ^ac   Marsano, Joseph ^ac   Sanders, Margaret ^ac   Baynes, Kathleen ^ac   Jankovic, Joseph ^ad   Hunter, Christine ^ad   Ondo, William ^ad   de Yebenes, Justo Garcia ^ae   Garde, Monica Bascunana ^ae   Fatas, Marta ^ae   Martinez, Asuncion ^ae   Nance, Martha ^af,az   Radtke, Dawn ^af   Tupper, David ^af   Martin, Wayne ^ag   King, Pamela ^ag   Wieler, Marguerite ^ag   Sran, Satwinder ^ag   Langbehn, Douglas ^d,al   Johnson, Hans ^d,al   Pierson, Ron ^d,al   Williams, Janet ^d,al   Aylward, Elizabeth ^i,au   Biglan, Kevin ^t   Erwin, Cheryl ^ah   Hayden, Michael ^f   Leavitt, Blair ^f   Macdonald, Marcy ^v   Rao, Steve ^ai   Stout, Julie C ^aj,ak   Blanchard, Steve ^al   Dudler, Ann ^al   Henneberry, Machelle ^al   Montross, Kelsey ^al   O'brien, Philip ^al   Mills, James ^al   Wang, Chiachi ^al   Werling Witkoske, Christine ^al   Adams, William ^al   Anderson, Karla ^al   Thompson, Sean ^al   Didonato, Stefano ^am   Mattson, Wayne ^an   Petersen, Asa ^a   Harrington, Deborah ^ao   Westervelt, Holly ^ap   Moser, David ^al   Smith, Megan ^al   Campbell, Colin ^ak   Davison, John ^ak   Queller, Sarah ^aj,ak   Clark, Lee Anna ^al   Leserman, Anne ^al   O'rourke, Justin ^al   Brossman, Bradley ^al   Ro, Eunyoe ^al   Ready, Rebecca ^aq   Vaccarino, Anthony ^ar   Farias, Sarah ^ac   Carlozzi, Noelle E ^aj,ak   Nehl, Carissa ^an   Gusella, Jim ^v   Myers, Rick ^v   Wassink, Tom ^al   Potkin, Steve ^at   Toga, Arthur ^p   Beg, Mirza Faisal ^av   Miller, Michael ^g   Reading, Sarah ^g   Axelson, Eric ^al   Bockholt, Jeremy ^al   Vitense, Kelsey ^al   Helmer, Karl ^v   Lim, Kelvin ^m   Mori, Sasumu ^g   Song, Allen ^aw   Turner, Jessica ^at   Beall, Erik ^ai   Koenig, Katherine ^ai   Lowe, Mark ^ai   Phillips, Michael ^ai   Reece, Christine ^ai   Zimbelman, Jan ^ai   Anderson, Karen ^al   Fedorowicz, Jess ^bc   Robinson, Robert ^al   van Duijn, Eric ^ay   Oakes, David ^t   Bourgeois, Keith ^t   Whitlock, Kathryn ^aj,ak   Vik, Stacie ^al   Anderson, Christine ^al   Schumaker, Jessica ^al   Reynolds, Norm ^aj,ak,ba   Coryell, William ^al   Smith, Jim ^al   Connell, R J ^al   Weber, Joseph ^t   Werling, Chris ^al   Kayson, Elise ^t   Julian Baros, Elaine ^t   Covert, Catherine ^t   Daigneault, Susan ^t   Meyers, Kay ^t   Rothenburgh, Karen ^t   Olsen, Beverly ^t   Orme, Constance ^t   Ross, Tori ^t   Simone, Megan ^t   Zhao, Hongwei ^t   Johnson, Shannon A ^aj,ak   Colin Campbell, J ^aj,ak   Peters, Eric ^aj,ak   Green, Terren ^aj,ak   Swain, Shelley N ^aj,ak   Caughlin, David ^aj,ak   Ward Bluhm, Bethany ^aj,ak   Trautman, Sonja ^m   Hersch, Steven ^bb   more..

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^f UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^g JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h Hereditary Neurological Disease Centre   (United States)

ⁱ VA PUGET SOUND HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^j EMORY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^l WESTMEAD HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^m UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

ⁿ INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^p UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^q UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^r NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY   (United Kingdom)

^s CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^t UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^u UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^v MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^w Graylands Selby Lemnos and Special Care Health Services   (Australia)

^x WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^y Clinical Genetics Centre   (United Kingdom)

^z UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^aa NewYork Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^ab University of California Davis ^*  (United States)

^ac UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^ad BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^ae HOSPITAL RAMÓN Y CAJAL   (Spain)

^af HENNEPIN COUNTY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^ag UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^ah Humanities and the Human Spirit   (United States)

^ai LERNER RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^aj INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ak MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^al UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^am Neurological Insitute C Besta   (Italy)

^an VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^ao UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^ap BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^aq UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

^ar Ontario Cancer Biomarker Network   (Canada)

^as Kessler Medical Rehabilitation Research Education Center   (United States)

^at UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^au Seattle Children's Research Institute   (United States)

^av SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^aw DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ax MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ay LEIDEN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^az UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^ba UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^bb Massachusetts University   (United States)

^bc University of Wisconsin ^*

more..

Author keywords

Atrophy; Basal ganglia; Huntingtin; Hypothalamus; Imaging; Neuroendocrine

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FORNIX; BRAIN LATERAL VENTRICLE; CAG REPEAT; CAUDATE NUCLEUS; CEREBELLUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GRAY MATTER; HETEROZYGOTE DETECTION; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; HYPOTHALAMUS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INSULA; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTOR DYSFUNCTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VOXEL BASED MORPHOMETRY;

EID: 77957790499     PISSN: 09699961     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.07.013     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Arnulf I., Nielsen J., Lohmann E., Schiefer J., Wild E., Jennum P., Konofal E., Walker M., Oudiette D., Tabrizi S., Durr A. Rapid eye movement sleep disturbances in Huntington disease. Arch. Neurol. 2008, 65:482-488.
2. Ashburner J., Friston K.J. Voxel-based morphometry-the methods. Neuroimage 2000, 11:805-821.
3. Ashburner J., Friston K.J. Unified segmentation. Neuroimage 2005, 26:839-851.
4. Aylward E.H. Change in MRI striatal volumes as a biomarker in preclinical Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Bull. 2007, 72:152-158.
5. Aylward E.H., Sparks B.F., Field K.M., Yallapragada V., Shpritz B.D., Rosenblatt A., Brandt J., Gourley L.M., Liang K., Zhou H., Margolis R.L., Ross C.A. Onset and rate of striatal atrophy in preclinical Huntington disease. Neurology 2004, 63:66-72.
6. Aziz A., Fronczek R., Maat-Schieman M., Unmehopa U., Roelandse F., Overeem S., van Duinen S., Lammers G.J., Swaab D., Roos R. Hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone in patients with Huntington disease. Brain Pathol. 2008, 18:474-483.
7. Aziz N.A., Pijl H., Frölich M., van der Graaf A.W., Roelfsema F., Roos R.A. Increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in Huntington's disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2009, 94:1223-1228.
8. Björkqvist M., Petersen A., Bacos K., Isaacs J., Norlen P., Gil J., Popovic N., Sundler F., Bates G.P., Tabrizi S.J., Brundin P., Mulder H. Progressive alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2006, 15:1713-1721.
9. Bohanna I., Georgiou-Karistianis N., Hannan A.J., Egan G.F. Magnetic resonance imaging as an approach towards identifying neuropathological biomarkers for Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Rev. 2008, 58:209-225.
10. Douaud G., Gaura V., Ribeiro M.J., Lethimonnier F., Maroy R., Verny C., Krystkowiak P., Damier P., Bachoud-Levi A.C., Hantraye P., Remy P. Distribution of grey matter atrophy in Huntington's disease patients: a combined ROI-based and voxel-based morphometric study. Neuroimage 2006, 32:1562-1575.
11. Duff K., Paulsen J.S., Beglinger L.J., Langbehn D.R., Stout J.C. Psychiatric symptoms in Huntington's disease before diagnosis: the predict-HD study. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 62:1341-1346. Predict-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group.
12. Fan R.E., Chang K.W., Hsieh C.J., Wang X.R., Lin C.J. LIBLINEAR: a library for large linear classification. Journal of Machine Learning Research 2008, 9:1871-1874. Software available at http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/liblinear.
13. Henley S.M., Wild E.J., Hobbs N.Z., Warren J.D., Frost C., Scahill R.I., Ridgway G.R., MacManus D.G., Barker R.A., Fox N.C., Tabrizi S.J. Defective emotion recognition in early HD is neuropsychologically and anatomically generic. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:2152-2160.
14. Henley S.M., Ridgway G.R., Scahill R.I., Klöppel S., Tabrizi S.J., Fox N.C., Kassubek J. Pitfalls in the use of voxel-based morphometry as a biomarker: examples from Huntington disease. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2009, for the EHDN Imaging Working Group, [Epub ahead of print].
15. Henley S.M., Wild E.J., Hobbs N.Z., Frost C., MacManus D.G., Barker R.A., Fox N.C., Tabrizi S.J. Whole-brain atrophy as a measure of progression in premanifest and early Huntington's disease. Mov. Disord. 2009, 24:932-936.
16. Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. Cell 1993, 72:971-983.
17. Julien C.L., Thompson J.C., Wild S., Yardumian P., Snowden J.S., Turner G., Craufurd D. Psychiatric disorders in preclinical Huntington's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2007, 78:939-943.
18. Jurgens C.K., van de Wiel L., van Es A.C., Grimbergen Y.M., Witjes-Ané M.N., van der Grond J., Middelkoop H.A., Roos R.A. Basal ganglia volume and clinical correlates in 'preclinical' Huntington's disease. J. Neurol. 2008, 255:1785-1791.
19. Kassubek J., Juengling F.D., Kioschies T., Henkel K., Karitzky J., Kramer B., Ecker D., Andrich J., Saft C., Kraus P., Aschoff A.J., Ludolph A.C., Landwehrmeyer G.B. Topography of cerebral atrophy in early Huntington's disease: a voxel based morphometric MRI study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2004, 75:213-220.
20. Kipps C.M., Duggins A.J., Mahant N., Gomes L., Ashburner J., McCusker E.A. Progression of structural neuropathology in preclinical Huntington's disease: a tensor based morphometry study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2005, 76:650-655.
21. Kipps C.M., Duggins A.J., McCusker E.A., Calder A.J. Disgust and happiness recognition correlate with anteroventral insula and amygdala volume respectively in preclinical Huntington's disease. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2007, 19:1206-1217.
22. Klöppel S., Draganski B., Golding C.V., Chu C., Nagy Z., Cook P.A., Hicks S.L., Kennard C., Alexander D.C., Parker G.J., Tabrizi S.J., Frackowiak R.S. White matter connections reflect changes in voluntary-guided saccades in pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease. Brain 2008, 131:196-204.
23. Klöppel S., Henley S., Hobbs N., Wolf R.C., Kassubek J., Tabrizi S.J., Frackowiak R.S. Magnetic resonance imaging of Huntington's Disease: preparing for clinical trials. Neuroscience 2009, 164:205-219.
24. Klöppel S., Chu C., Tan G.C., Draganski B., Johnson H., Paulsen J.S., Kienzle W., Tabrizi S.J., Ashburner J., Frackowiak R.S. Automatic detection of preclinical neurodegeneration: presymptomatic. Huntington disease. Neurology 2009, 72:426-431. PREDICT-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group.
25. Langbehn D.R., Brinkman R.R., Falush D., Paulsen J.S., Hayden M.R., Group International Huntington's Disease Collaborative A new model for prediction of the age of onset and penetrance for Huntington's disease based on CAG length. Clin. Genet. 2004, 65:267-277.
26. Lin C.J., Weng R.C., Keerthi S. Trust region newton method for large-scale logistic regression. Journal of Machine Learning Research 2008, 9:627-650.
27. Mai J.K., Paxinos G., Voss T. Atlas of the human brain 2007, Academic Press. third edition.
28. Mochel F., Charles P., Seguin F., Barritault J., Coussieu C., Perin L., Le Bouc Y., Gervais C., Carcelain G., Vassault A., Feingold J., Rabier D., Durr A. Early energy deficit in Huntington disease: identification of a plasma biomarker traceable during disease progression. PLoS ONE 2007, 2:e647.
29. Morton A.J., Wood N.I., Hastings M.H., Hurelbrink C., Barker R.A., Maywood E.S. Disintegration of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian timing in Huntington's disease. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:157-163.
30. Paulsen J.S. Functional imaging in Huntington's disease. Exp. Neurol. 2009, 216:272-277.
31. Paulsen J.S., Magnotta V.A., Mikos A.E., Paulson H.L., Penziner E., Andreasen N.C., Nopoulos P.C. Brain structure in preclinical Huntington's disease. Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 59:57-63.
32. Paulsen J.S., Hayden M., Stout J.C., Langbehn D.R., Aylward E., Ross C.A., Guttman M., Nance M., Kieburtz K., Oakes D., Shoulson I., Kayson E., Johnson S., Penziner E. Preparing for preventive clinical trials: the Predict-HD study. Arch. Neurol. 2006, 63:883-890. Predict-HD Investigators of the Huntington Study Group.
33. Paulsen J.S., Langbehn D.R., Stout J.C., Aylward E., Ross C.A., Nance M., Guttman M., Johnson S., MacDonald M., Beglinger L.J., Duff K., Kayson E., Biglan K., Shoulson I., Oakes D., Hayden M.R. Detection of Huntington's disease decades before diagnosis: the Predict-HD study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2008, 79:874-880. Predict-HD Investigators and Coordinators of the Huntington Study Group.
34. Paulsen J.S., Nopoulos P.C., Aylward E., Ross C.A., Johnson H., Magnotta V.A., Juhl A., Pierson R.K., Mills J., Langbehn D., Nance M. Striatal and white matter predictors of estimated diagnosis for Huntington disease. Brain Res. Bull. 2010, 82:201-207. PREDICT-HD Investigators and Coordinators of the Huntington's Study Group (HSG.
35. Petersén A., Gil J., Maat-Schieman M.L., Björkqvist M., Tanila H., Araújo I.M., Smith R., Popovic N., Wierup N., Norlén P., Li J.Y., Roos R.A., Sundler F., Mulder H., Brundin P. Orexin loss in Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005, 14:39-47.
36. Petersén A., Hult S., Kirik D. Huntington disease-new perspectives based on neuroendocrine changes in rodent models. Neurodegen. Dis. 2009, 6:54-64.
37. Phillips W., Shannon K.M., Barker R.A. The current clinical management of Huntington's disease. Mov. Disord. 2008, 23:1491-1504.
38. Politis M., Pavese N., Tai Y.F., Tabrizi S.J., Barker R.A., Piccini P. Hypothalamic involvement in Huntington's disease: an in vivo PET study. Brain 2008, 131:2860-2869.
39. A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing 2009, R Development Core Team: R, Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0. http://www.R-project.org.
40. Ridgway G.R., Henley S.M., Rohrer J.D., Scahill R.I., Warren J.D., Fox N.C. Ten simple rules for reporting voxel-based morphometry studies. Neuroimage 2008, 40:1429-1435.
41. Ridgway G.R., Omar R., Ourselin S., Hill D.L., Warren J.D., Fox N.C. Issues with threshold masking in voxel-based morphometry of atrophied brains. Neuroimage 2009, 44:99-111.
42. Rosas H.D., Hevelone N.D., Zaleta A.K., Greve D.N., Salat D.H., Fischl B. Regional cortical thinning in preclinical Huntington disease and its relationship to cognition. Neurology 2005, 65:745-747.
43. Rosas H.D., Tuch D.S., Hevelone N.D., Zaleta A.K., Vangel M., Hersch S.M., Salat D.H. Diffusion tensor imaging in presymptomatic and early Huntington's disease: selective white matter pathology and its relationship to clinical measures. Mov. Disord. 2006, 21:1317-1325.
44. Rosas H.D., Salat D.H., Lee S.Y., Zaleta A.K., Pappu V., Fischl B., Greve D., Hevelone N., Hersch S.M. Cerebral cortex and the clinical expression of Huntington's disease: complexity and heterogeneity. Brain 2008, 131:1057-1068.
45. Saleh N., Moutereau S., Durr A., Krystkowiak P., Azulay J.P., Tranchant C., Broussolle E., Morin F., Bachoud-Lévi A.C., Maison P. Neuroendocrine disturbances in Huntington's disease. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e4962.
46. Sawiak S.J., Wood N.I., Williams G.B., Morton A.J., Carpenter T.A. Voxel-based morphometry in the R6/2 transgenic mouse reveals differences between genotypes not seen with manual 2D morphometry. Neurobiol. Dis. 2009, 33:20-27.
47. Tabrizi S.J., Langbehn D.R., Leavitt B.R., Roos R.A., Durr A., Craufurd D., Kennard C., Hicks S.L., Fox N.C., Scahill R.I., Borowsky B., Tobin A.J., Rosas H.D., Johnson H., Reilmann R., Landwehrmeyer B., Stout J.C. Biological and clinical manifestations of Huntington's disease in the longitudinal TRACK-HD study: cross-sectional analysis of baseline data. Lancet Neurol. 2009, 8:791-801. TRACK-HD investigators.
48. Thieben M.J., Duggins A.J., Good C.D., Gomes L., Mahant N., Richards F., McCusker E., Frackowiak R.S. The distribution of structural neuropathology in pre-clinical Huntington's disease. Brain 2002, 125:1815-1828.
49. Tisserand D.J., Visser P.J., van Boxtel M.P.J., Jolles J. The relation between global and limbic brain volumes on MRI and cognitive performance in healthy individuals across the age range. Neurobiol. Aging 2000, 21:569-576.
50. Trejo A., Tarrats R.M., Alonso M.E., Boll M.C., Ochoa A., Velásquez L. Assessment of the nutrition status of patients with Huntington's disease. Nutrition 2004, 20:192-196.
51. Underwood B.R., Broadhurst D., Dunn W.B., Ellis D.I., Michell A.W., Vacher C., Mosedale D.E., Kell D.B., Barker R.A., Grainger D.J., Rubinsztein D.C. Huntington disease patients and transgenic mice have similar pro-catabolic serum metabolite profiles. Brain 2006, 129:877-886.
52. van Duijn E., Kingma E.M., van der Mast R.C. Psychopathology in verified Huntington's disease gene carriers. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2007, 19:441-448.
53. Videnovic A., Leurgans S., Fan W., Jaglin J., Shannon K.M. Daytime somnolence and nocturnal sleep disturbances in Huntington disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2009, 15:471-474.
54. Wilson E.B. Probable inference, the law of succession, and statistical inference. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1927, 158:209-212.
55. Wolf R.C., Vasic N., Schönfeldt-Lecuona C., Landwehrmeyer G.B., Ecker D. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in presymptomatic Huntington's disease: evidence from event-related fMRI. Brain 2007, 130:2845-2857.
56. Wright I.C., McGuire P.K., Poline J.B., Travere J.M., Murray R.M., Frith C.D., Frackowiak R.S., Friston K.J. A voxel-based method for the statistical analysis of gray and white matter density applied to schizophrenia. Neuroimage 1995, 2:244-252.