Mindreading in individuals with an empathizing versus systemizing cognitive style: An fMRI study

Brain Research Bulletin

Volumn 83, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 214-222

  Focquaert, F ^a   Steven Wheeler, M S ^b   Vanneste, S ^c   Doron, K W ^d   Platek, S M ^e  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b Dartmouth College   (United States)

^c ANTWERP UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e GEORGIA GWINNETT COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Empathizing; Mindreading; Simulation; Systemizing

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY; CINGULATE GYRUS; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EMPATHY; FACE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MENTAL FUNCTION; NORMAL HUMAN; PARIETAL LOBE; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SUBICULUM; TEMPORAL LOBE;

BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; EMOTIONS; FACE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PERSONALITY; QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 77957683992     PISSN: 03619230     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.08.008     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Baron-Cohen S. The Essential Difference. The Truth about the Male and Female Brain 2003, Perseus, New York.
2. Baron-Cohen S., Jolliffe T., Mortimore C., Robertson M. Another advanced test of theory of mind: evidence from very high functioning adults with autism or Asperger Syndrome. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 1997, 38:813-822.
3. Baron-Cohen S., Knickmeyer R.C., Belmonte M.K. Sex differences in the brain: Implications for explaining autism. Science 2005, 310:819-823.
4. Baron-Cohen S., Richler J., Bisarya D., Gurunathan N., Wheelwright S. The systemizing quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2003, 358:361-374.
5. Baron-Cohen S., Ring H.A., Wheelwright S., Bullmore E.T., Brammer M.J., Simmons A., Williams S.C.R. Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1999, 11:1891-1898.
6. Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S. The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 2004, 34:164-175.
7. Baron-Cohen S., Wheelwright S., Hill J., Raste Y., Plumb I. The 'reading the mind in the eyes' test revised version: a study with normal adults and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 2001, 42:241-252.
8. Buccino G., Binkofski F., Fink G.R., Fadiga L., Fogassi L., Gallese V., Seitz R.J., Zilles K., Rizzolatti G., Freund H.-J. Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001, 13:400-404.
9. Carr L., Iacoboni M., Dubeau M.C., Mazziotta J.C., Lenzi G.L. Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: a relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100:5497-5502.
10. Cheng Y., Po-Lei L., Yang C.-Y., Lin C.P., Hung D., Decety J. Gender differences in the Mu rhythm of the human mirror-neuron system. PLoS One 2008, 5:1-7.
11. Conway M.A., Turk D.J., Miller S.L., Logan J., Nebes R.D., Meltzer C.C., Becker J.T. A positron emission tomography (PET) study of autobiographical memory retrieval. Memory 1999, 7:679-702.
12. Daselaar S.M., Rice H.J., Greenberg D.L., Cabeza R., LaBar K.S., Rubin D.C. The spatiotemporal dynamics of autobiographical memory: Neural correlates of recall, emotional intensity, and reliving. Cereb. Cortex 2008, 18:217-229.
13. Dapretto M., Davies M.S., Pfeifer J.H., Scott A.A., Sigman M., Bookheimer S.Y., Iacoboni M. Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders. Nat. Neurosci. 2006, 9:28-30.
14. Davachi L. Item, context and relational episodic encoding in humans. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2006, 16:693-700.
15. Dimberg U., Thunberg M., Grunedal S. Facial reactions to emotional stimuli: automatically controlled emotional responses. Cogn. Emotion 2002, 16:449-471.
16. Dinstein I., Gardner J.L., Jazayeri M., Heeger D.J. Executed and observed movements have different distributed representations in human aIPS. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:11231-11239.
17. Fink G.R., Markowitsch H.J., Reinkemeier M., Bruckbauer T., Kessler J., Heiss W.D. Cerebral representation of one's own past: neural networks in autobiographical memory. J. Neurosci. 1996, 16:4275-4282.
18. Focquaert F., Braeckman J., Platek S.M. An evolutionary cognitive neuroscience perspective on human self-awareness and theory of mind. Philos. Psychol. 2008, 21:47-68.
19. Focquaert F., Platek S.M. Social cognition and the evolution of self-awareness. Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience 2007, 457-497. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. S.M. Platek, J.P. Keenan, T.K. Shackelford (Eds.).
20. Focquaert F., Steven M.S., Wolford G.W., Colden A., Gazzaniga M.S. Empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in the sciences and humanities. Pers. Indiv. Differ. 2007, 43:619-625.
21. Frith U., Frith C.D. Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B 2003, 358:459-473.
22. Gallese V., Goldman A. Mirror neurons and the simulation theory of mind-reading. Trends Cogn. Sci. 1998, 2:493-501.
23. Gazzaniga M.S. The Ethical Brain 2005, Dana Press, New York.
24. Gazzola V., Aziz-Zadeh L., Keysers C. Empathy and the somatotopic auditory mirror system in humans. Curr. Biol. 2006, 16:1824-1829.
25. Gerardin E., Sirigu A., Lehéricy S., Poline J., Gaymard B., Marsault C., Agid Y., Le Bihan D. Partially overlapping neural networks for real and imagined hand movements. Cereb. Cortex 2000, 10:1093-1104.
26. Gilboa A., Winocur G., Grady C.L., Hevenor S.J., Moscovitch M. Remembering our past: functional neuroanatomy of recollection of recent and very remote personal events. Cereb. Cortex 2004, 14:1214-1225.
27. Goldman A.I. Simulating Minds. The Philosophy, Psychology, and Neuroscience of Mindreading 2006, Oxford University Press, New York.
28. Goldman A.I., Sebanz N. Simulation, mirroring, and a different argument from error. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2005, 9:320.
29. Grèzes J., Armony J.L., Rowe J., Passingham R.E. Activation related to " mirror" and " canonical" neurons in the human brain: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2003, 18:928-937.
30. Gusnard D.A., Akbudak E., Shulman G.L., Raichle M.E. Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001, 98:4259-4264.
31. Hamzei F., Rijntjes M., Dettmers C., Glauche V., Weiller C., Büchel C. The human action recognition system and its relationship to Broca's area: an fMRI study. Neuroimage 2003, 19:637-644.
32. Henke K., Mondadori C.R.A., Treyer V., Nitsch R.M., Buck A., Hock C. Nonconscious formation and reactivation of semantic associations by way of medical temporal lobes. Neuropsychologia 2003, 41:863-876.
33. Hooker C.I., Verosky S.C., Germine L.T., Knight R.T., D'Esposito M. Mentalizing about emotion and its relationship. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2008, 3:204-217.
34. Iacoboni M., Woods R.P., Brass M., Bekkering H., Mazziotta J.C., Rizzolatti G. Cortical mechanisms of human imitation. Science 1999, 286:2526-2528.
35. Jabbi M., Swart M., Keysers C. Empathy for positive and negative emotions in the gustatory cortex. Neuroimage 2007, 34:1744-1753.
36. Jenkinson M., Bannister P.R., Brady J.M., Smith S.M. Improved optimisation for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images. Neuroimage 2002, 17:825-841.
37. Jenkinson M., Smith S.M. A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images. Med. Image Anal. 2001, 5:143-156.
38. Johnson S.C., Baxter L.C., Wilder L.S., Pipe J.G., Heiserman J.E., Prigatano G.P. Neural correlates of self-reflection. Brain 2002, 125:1808-1814.
39. Kanwisher N., McDermott J., Chun M.M. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:4302-4311.
40. Kelley W.M., Macrae C.N., Wyland C.L., Caglar S., Inati S., Heatherton T.F. Finding the self: an event-related fMRI study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2002, 14:785-794.
41. Kjaer T.W., Nowak M., Lou H.C. Reflective self-awareness and conscious states: PET evidence for a common midline parietofrontal core. Neuroimage 2002, 17:1080-1086.
42. Koch K., Pauly K., Kellermann T., Seiferth N.Y., Reske M., Backes V., Stöcker T., Shah N.J., Amunts K., Kircher T., Schneider F., Habel U. Gender differences in the cognitive control of emotion: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2007, 47:2744-2754.
43. Lahaie A., Mottron L., Arguin A., Berthiaume C., Jemel B., Saumier D. Face perception in high-functioning autistic adults: Evidence for superior processing of face parts, not for a configural face-processing deficit. Neuropsychologia 2006, 20:30-41.
44. Lamm C., Batson C.D., Decety J. The neural substrate of human empathy: effects of perspective-taking and cognitive appraisal. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2007, 19:42-58.
45. Lane R.D., Reiman E.M., Bradley M.M., Lang P.J., Ahern G.L., Davidson R.J., Schwartz G.E. Neuroanatomical correlates of pleasant and unpleasant emotion. Neuropsychologia 1997, 35:1437-1444.
46. Lee T.M.C., Liu H., Chan C.C.H., Mahankali S., Feng C., Hou J., Fox P.T., Gao J. Lie detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2002, 15:157-164.
47. Leslie K.R., Johnson-Frey S.H., Grafton S.T. Functional imaging of face and hand imitation: towards a motor theory of empathy. Neuroimage 2004, 21:601-607.
48. C.N. Macrae, T.F. Heatherton, W.M. Kelley, A self less ordinary: the medial prefrontal cortex and you, in: M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed-in-chief), The Cognitive Neurosciences III, MIT Press, Boston, MA, 2004, pp. 1067-1075.
49. Maldjian J.A., Laurienti P.J., Kraft R.A., Burdette J.H. An automated method for neuroanatomic and cytoarchitectonic atlas-based interrogation of fmri data sets. Neuroimage 2003, 19:1233-1239.
50. Mitchell J.P., Banaji M.R., Macrae C.N. The link between social cognition and self-referential thought in the medial prefrontal cortex. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2005, 17:1306-1315.
51. Morrison I., Lloyd D., di Pellegrino G., Roberts N. Vicarious responses to pain in anterior cingulate cortex: is empathy a multisensory issue?. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2004, 4:270-278.
52. Murphy F.C., Nimmo-Smith I., Lawrence A.D. Functional neuroanatomy of emotions: a meta-analysis. Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci. 2003, 3:207-233.
53. Nishitani N., Avikainen S., Hari R. Abnormal imitation-related cortical activation sequences in Asperger's syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 2004, 55:558-562.
54. Ochsner K.N., Knierim K., Ludlow D.H., Hanelin J., Ramachandran T., Glover G., Mackey S.C. Reflecting upon feelings: an fMRI study of neural systems supporting the attribution of emotion to self and other. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2004, 16:1746-1772.
55. Pfeifer J.H., Lieberman M.D., Dapretto M. I know you are but what am I? Neural bases of self- and social knowledge retrieval in children and adults. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2007, 19:1323-1337.
56. Pfeifer J.H., Iacoboni M., Mazziotta J.C., Dapretto M. Mirroring others' emotions relates to empathy and interpersonal competence in children. Neuroimage 2008, 39:2076-2085.
57. Platek S.M., Keenan J.P., Gallup G.G., Mohamed F.B. Where am I? The neurological correlates of self and other. Cogn. Brain Res. 2004, 19:114-122.
58. Ruby P., Decety J. Effect of subjective perspective taking during simulation of action: a PET investigation of agency. Nat. Neurosci. 2001, 4:546-550.
59. Rutherford M.D., Clements K.A., Sekuler A.B. Differences in discrimination of eye and mouth displacement in autism spectrum disorders. Vision Res. 2007, 47:2099-2110.
60. Schulte-Rüther M., Markowitsch H.J., Fink G.R., Piefke M. Mirror neuron and theory of mind mechanisms involved in face-to-face interactions: a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach to empathy. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2007, 19:1354-1372.
61. Singer T., Seymour B., O'Doherty J., Kaube H., Dolan R.J., Frith C.D. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science 2004, 303:1157-1162.
62. Smith S.M., Jenkinson M., Woolrich M.W., Beckmann C.F., Behrens T.E.J., Johansen-Berg H., Bannister P.R., De Luca M., Drobnjak I., Flitney D.E., Niazy R., Saunders J., Vickers J., Zhang Y., De Stefano N., Brady J.M., Matthews P.M. Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage 2004, 23/S1:208-219.
63. Squire L.R., Starck C.E.L., Clarck R.E. The medial temporal lobe. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 27:279-306.
64. Tamietto M., Adenzato M., Geminiani G., de Gelder B. Fast recognition of social emotions takes the whole brain: interhemispheric cooperation in the absence of cerebral asymmetry. Neuropsychologia 2007, 45:836-843.
65. Vogeley K., Bussfeld P., Newen A., Herrmann S., Happé F., Falkai P., Maier W., Shah N.J., Fink G.R., Zilles K. Mind reading: neural mechanisms of theory of mind and self-perspective. Neuroimage 2001, 14:170-181.
66. Woolrich M.W., Ripley B.D., Brady J.M., Smith S.M. Temporal autocorrelation in univariate linear modelling of fMRI data. Neuroimage 2001, 14:1370-1386.
67. Worsley K.J., Evans A.C., Marrett S., Neelin P. A three-dimensional statistical analysis for CBF activation studies in human brain. J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metab. 1992, 12:900-918.