Differences in discrimination of eye and mouth displacement in autism spectrum disorders

Vision Research

Volumn 47, Issue 15, 2007, Pages 2099-2110

  Rutherford, M D ^a   Clements, Kathleen A ^a   Sekuler, Allison B ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Autism; Face perception; Feature displacement

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; AUTISM; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EYE DISEASE; HUMAN; MALE; MOUTH DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPATIAL DISCRIMINATION; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AUTISTIC DISORDER; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); EYE; FACIAL EXPRESSION; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MOUTH; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION;

EID: 34250171193     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2007.01.029     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Bailey A.J., Braeutigam S., Jousmaki V., and Swithenby S.J. Abnormal activation of face processing systems at early and intermediate latency in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A magnetoencephalographic study. European Journal of Neuroscience 21 (2005) 2575-2585
3. Baron-Cohen S., Ring H.A., Wheelwright S., Bullmore E.T., Brammer M.J., Simmons A., et al. Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: An fMRI study. European Journal of Neuroscience 11 (1999) 1891-1898
4. Barton J.J., Cherkasova M.V., Hefter R., Cox T.A., O'Connor M., and Manoach D.S. Are patients with social developmental disorders prosopagnosic? Perceptual heterogeneity in the Asperger and socio-emotional processing disorders. Brain 127 (2004) 1706-1716
5. Barton J.J.S., Keenan J.P., and Bass T. Discrimination of spatial relations and features in faces: Effects of inversion and viewing duration. British Journal of Psychology 92 (2001) 527-549
6. Behrmann M., Thomas C., and Humphreys K. Seeing it differently: Visual processing in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 6 (2006) 258-264
7. Boucher J., and Lewis V. Unfamiliar face recognition in relatively able autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 33 (1992) 843-859
8. Boucher J., Lewis V., and Collins G. Familiar face and voice matching and recognition in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 39 (1998) 171-181
9. Braverman M., Fein D., Lucci D., and Waterhouse L. Affect comprehension in children with pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 19 (1989) 301-316
10. Buitelaar J.K., Van der Wees M., Swabb-Barneveld H., and Van der Gaag R.J. Theory of mind and emotion-recognition functioning in autistic spectrum disorders and in psychiatric control and normal children. Development and Psychopathology 11 (1999) 39-58
11. Celani G., Battacchi M.W., and Arcidiacono L. The understanding of the emotional meaning of facial expressions in people with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29 (1999) 57-66
12. Critchley H.D., Daly E.M., Bullmore E.T., Williams S.C.R., Van Amelsvoort T., Robertson D.M., et al. The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour-Changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions. Brain 123 (2000) 2203-2212
13. Dalton K.M., Nacewicz B.M., Johnstone T., Schaefer H.S., Gernsbacher M.A., Goldsmith H.H., et al. Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience 8 (2005) 519-526
14. Dawson G., Webb S.J., and McPartland J. Understanding the nature of face processing impairment in autism: Insights from behavioral and electrophysiological studies. Developmental Neuropsychology 27 (2005) 403-424
15. Gold J.M., Bennett P.J., and Sekuler A.B. Identification of band-pass filtered letters and faces by human and ideal observers. Vision Research 39 (1999) 3537-3560
16. Gold J.M., Bennett P.J., and Sekuler A.B. Signal but not noise changes with perceptual learning. Nature 402 (1999) 178
17. Gold J.M., Sekuler A.B., and Bennett P.J. Characterizing perceptual learning with external noise. Cognitive Science 28 (2004) 167-207
18. Hubl D., Bolte S., Feineis-Matthews S., Lanfermann H., Federspiel A., Strik W., et al. Functional imbalance of visual pathways indicates alternative face processing strategies in autism. Neurology 61 (2003) 1232-1237
19. Itier R.J., Latinus M., and Taylor M.J. Face, eye and object early processing: what is the face specificity?. Neuroimage 29 (2006) 667-676
20. Joseph R.M., and Tanaka J. Holistic and part-based face recognition in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 44 (2003) 529-542
21. Kanner L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child 2 (1943) 217-250
22. Kikuchi T., and Koga S. Recognition of others' and own facial expressions and production of facial expression-children and adults with autism. The Japanese Journal of Special Education 39 (2001) 21-29
23. Klin A., Jones W., Schultz R., Volkmar F., and Cohen D. Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism. Archives of General Psychiatry 59 (2002) 809-816
24. Klin A., Sparrow S., de Bildt A., Cicchetti D., Cohen D., and Volkmar F. A normed study of face recognition in autism and related disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 29 (1999) 499-508
25. Langdell T. Recognition of faces-approach to study of autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 19 (1978) 255-268
26. Lord C., Risi S., Lambrecht L., Cook E.H., Leventhal B.L., DiLavore P.C., et al. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic: A standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 30 (2000) 205-223
27. Lord C., Rutter M., and LeCouteur A. Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 24 (1994) 659-685
28. Maechler, M., Rousseeuw, P., Struyf, A., & Hubert, M. (2005). Cluster analysis basics and extensions (unpublished).
29. Mann T.A., and Walker P. Autism and a deficit in broadening the spread of visual attention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 44 (2003) 274-284
30. Maurer D., le Grand R., and Mondloch C.J. The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 6 (2002) 260
31. McPartland J., Dawson G., Webb S.J., Panagiotides H., and Carver L.J. Event-related brain potentials reveal anomalies in temporal processing of faces in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (2004) 1235-1245
32. Ozonoff S., Pennington B.F., and Rogers S.J. Are there emotion perception deficits in young autistic children?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 31 (1990) 343-361
33. Pelli D.G., Robson J.G., and Wilkins A.J. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clinical Vision Sciences 2 (1988) 187-199
34. Pelphrey K.A., Sasson N.J., Reznick J.S., Paul G., Goldman B.D., and Piven J. Visual scanning of faces in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 32 (2002) 249-261
35. Pierce K., Muller R.A., Ambrose J., Allen G., and Courchesne E. Face processing occurs outside the fusiform 'face area' in autism: Evidence from functional MRI. Brain 124 (2001) 2059-2073
36. Plaisted K., O'Riordan M., and Baron-Cohen S. Enhanced visual search for a conjunctive target in autism: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 39 (1998) 777-783
37. R Development Core Team (2006). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL .
38. Ristic J., Mottron L., Friesen C.K., Iarocci G., Burack J.A., and Kingstone A. Eyes are special, but not for everyone: The case of autism. Brain Research: Cognitive Brain Research 24 (2005) 715-718
39. Rouse H., Donnelly N., Hadwin J.A., and Brown T. Do children with autism perceive second-order relational features? The case of the Thatcher illusion. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 45 (2004) 1246-1257
40. Rutherford M.D., and McIntosh D.I. Rules versus prototype matching: strategies of perception of emotional facial expressions in the autism spectrum. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 37 2 (2007) 187-196
41. Sadr J., Jarudi I., and Sinha P. The role of eyebrows in face recognition. Perception 32 (2003) 285-293
42. Schultz R.T., Gauthier I., Klin A., Fulbright R.K., Anderson A.W., Volkmar F., et al. Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity during face discrimination among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome. Archives of General Psychiatry 57 (2000) 331-340
43. Sekuler A.B., Gaspar C.M., Gold J.M., and Bennett P.J. Inversion leads to quantitative, not qualitative, changes in face processing. Current Biology 14 (2004) 391-396
44. Serra M., Minderaa R.G., van-Geert P.L.C., and Jackson A.E. Social-cognitive abilities in children with lesser variants of autism: Skill deficits or failure to apply skills?. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 8 (1999) 301-311
45. Shah A., and Frith U. An islet of ability in autistic-children-A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 24 (1983) 613-620
46. Tantam D., Monaghan L., Nicholson H., and Stirling J. Autistic children's ability to interpret faces: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 30 (1989) 623-630
47. Teunisse J.P., and de Gelder B. Face processing in adolescents with autistic disorder: The inversion and composite effects. Brain and Cognition 52 (2003) 285-294
48. Valentine T. Upside-down faces: A review of the effect of inversion upon face recognition. British Journal of Psychology 79 (1988) 471-491
49. van der Geest J.N., Kemner C., Verbaten M.N., and van Engeland H. Gaze behavior of children with pervasive developmental disorder toward human faces: A fixation time study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43 (2002) 669-678
50. Weschler D. Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale. 3rd ed. (1997), Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace & Company, San Antonio, TX
51. Wing L., and Gould J. Severe impairments of social-interaction and associated abnormalities in children-Epidemiology and classification. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 9 (1979) 11-29
52. Yin R. Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology 81 (1969) 141-145
53. Young A.W., Hellawell D., and Hay D.C. Configurational information in face perception. Perception 16 (1987) 747-759