Effect of temperature and oxygen on the formation of chlorobenzene as the indicator of PCDD/Fs

Journal of Environmental Sciences

Volumn 22, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1637-1642

  Yan, Mi ^a   Li, Xiaodong ^a   Chen, Tong ^a   Lu, Shengyong ^a   Yan, Jianhua ^a   Cen, Kefa ^a  

^a ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Chlorobenzene; Indicator; Oxygen; PCDD Fs; Temperature

Indexed keywords

CHLOROBENZENE; EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE; HOSPITAL WASTES; IN-LINE; INDICATOR; OPERATING CONDITION; OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE; PCDD/FS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS; REAL TIME MONITORING; YIELD INCREASE;

FLUE GASES; FLY ASH; REFUSE INCINERATORS; TEMPERATURE;

OXYGEN;

2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE; CHLOROBENZENE; DIBENZOFURAN; DRUG DERIVATIVE; OXYGEN; POLYCHLORODIBENZO 4 DIOXIN; POLYCHLORODIBENZO-4-DIOXIN;

CHLOROBENZENE; INCINERATION; OXYGEN; PCDD; TEMPERATURE EFFECT;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE;

BENZOFURANS; CHLOROBENZENES; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN;

EID: 77957655701     PISSN: 10010742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60300-4     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. 2 on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in a carbon/fly ash mixture. Environmental Science & Technology 1995, 29(8):2055-2058.
2. Addink R, Cnubben PAJP, Olie K Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans on fly ash from precursors and carbon model compounds. Carbon 1995, 33(10):1463-1471.
3. Addink R, Olie K Mechanisms of formation and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofu-rans in heterogeneous systems. Environmental Science & Technology 1995, 29(6):1425-1435.
4. Addink R, Olie K Role of oxygen in formation of poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon on fly ash. Environmental Science and Technology 1995, 29(6):1586-1590.
5. Altarawneh M, Dlugogorski BZ, Kennedy EM, Mackie JC Mechanisms for formation, chlorination, dechlorination and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2009, 35(3):235-274.
6. Blumenstock M, Zimmermann R, Schramm KW, Kaune A, Nikolai U, Lenoir D, et al. Estimation of the dioxin emission (PCDD/FI-TEQ) from the concentration of low chlorinated aromatic compounds in the flue and stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 1999, 49(1-2):179-190.
7. Blumenstock M, Zimmermann R, Schramm KW, Kettrup A Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line real-time detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 2001, 42(5-7):507-518.
8. Everaert K, Baeyens J The formation and emission of dioxins in large scale thermal processes. Chemosphere 2002, 46(3):439-448.
9. Gao H, Ni Y, Zhang H, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhang X, et al. Stack gas emissions of PCDD/Fs from hospital waste incinerators in China. Chemosphere 2009, 77(5):634-639.
10. Huang H, Buekens A On the mechanisms of dioxin formation in combustion processes. Chemosphere 1995, 31(9):4099-4117.
11. Huang H, Buekens A Chemical kinetic modeling of de novo synthesis of PCDD/F in municipal waste incinerators. Chemosphere 2001, 44(6):1505-1510.
12. Kakuta Y, Matsuto T, Tojo Y, Tomikawa H Characterization of residual carbon influencing on de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs in MSWI fly ash. Chemosphere 2007, 68(5):880-886.
13. Karasek FW, Dickson LC Model studies of polychlori-nated dibenzo-p-dioxin formation during municipal refuse incineration. Science 1987, 237(4816):754-756.
14. Kaune A, Lenoir D, Schramm KW, Zimmermann R, Kettrup A, Jaeger K, et al. Chlorobenzenes and chlorophe-nols as indicator parameters for chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in incineration processes: Influences of various facilities and sampling points. Environmental Engineering Science 1998, 15(1):85-95.
15. Kaune A, Schramm KW, Henkelmann B, Kettrup A, Nikolai U, Zimmermann R, et al. Pentachlorobenzene as indicator for PCDD/F emissions from a hazardous waste incinerator: Effect of using active carbon in the flue gas cleaning. Organohalogen Compounds 1996, (27):159-162.
16. Lavric ED, Konnov AA, Ruyck JD Surrogate compounds for dioxins in incineration: A review. Waste Management 2005, 25(7):755-765.
17. Leclerc D, Duo WL, Vessey M Effects of combustion and operating conditions on PCDD/PCDF emissions from power boilers burning salt-laden wood waste. Chemosphere 2006, 63(4):676-689.
18. Li XD, Zhang J, Yan JH, Cen KF, Ryan SP, Gullett BK, et al. Experimental and modeling study of de novo formation of PCDD/PCDF on MSW fly ash. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007, 19(1):117-122.
19. McKay G Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: Review. Chemical Engineering Journal 2002, 86(3):343-368.
20. Milligan MS, Altwicker ER Mechanistic aspects of the se-novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans in fly-ash from experiments using isotopically labeled reagents. Environmental Science & Technology 1995, 29(5):1353-1358.
21. Öberg T, Bergström JGT Hexachlorobenzene as an indicator of dioxin production from combustion. Chemosphere 1985, 14(8):1081-1086.
22. Öberg T, Bergström JGT Emission and chlorination pattern of PCDD/PCDF predicted from indicator parameters. Chemosphere 1987, 16(6):1221-1230.
23. Olie K, Vermeulen PL, Hutzinger O Chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorodibenzofurans are trace components of fly ash and flue gas of some municipal incinerators in The Netherlands. Chemosphere 1977, 6(8):455-459.
24. Oser H, Thanner R, Grotheer HH Continuous monitoring of ultratrace products of incomplete combustion during incineration with a novel mobile Jet-REMPI device. Chemosphere 1998, 37(9-12):2361-2374.
25. Pekárek V, Grabic R, Marklund S, Pun ochá M, Ullrich J Effects of oxygen on formation of PCB and PCDD/F on extracted fly ash in the presence of carbon and cupric salt. Chemosphere 2001, 43(4-7):777-782.
26. NIP (China National Implementation Plan) China national implementation plan for the stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. April 2007 http://www.pops.int.
27. Ryan SP, Altwicker ER The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans from carbon model mixtures containing ferrous chloride. Chemosphere 2000, 40(9-11):1009-1014.
28. Stanmore BR The formation of dioxins in combustion systems. Combustion and Flame 2004, 136(3):398-427.
29. Stieglitz L, Vogg H On formation conditions of PCDD/PCDF in fly ash from municipal waste incinerators. Chemosphere 1987, 16(8-9):1917-1922.
30. Taylor PH, Lenoir D Chloroaromatic formation in incineration processes. The Science of the Total Environment 2001, 269(1-3):1-24.
31. USEPA The use of surrogate compounds as indicators of PCDD/F concentrations in combustor stack gases http://www.epa.gov/appcdwww/aptb/EPA-600-R-04-024.pdf.
32. Weber R, Sakurai T, Ueno S, Nishino J Correlation of PCDD/PCDF and CO values in a MSW incinerator-indication of memory effects in the high temperature/cooling section. Chemosphere 2002, 49(2):127-134.
33. Yamada M, Waki I, Sakairi M, Sakamoto M, Imai T Realtime-monitored decrease of trichlorophenol as a dioxin surrogate in flue gas using iron oxide catalyst. Chemo-sphere 2004, 54(10):1475-1480.
34. Yin XF, Li XD, Lu SY, Luo JS, Gu YL, Yan JH, et al. On-line real-time monitoring of trace organic pollutant formation in the simulated flue gas. Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering 2007, 27(17):29-33.
35. Yin XF, Li XD, Luo JS, Lu SY, Gu YL, Yan JH, et al. Influences of temperature and atmosphere on PCDD/Fs formation from PAHs via de novo synthesis reaction. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology 2008, 14(2):117-121.
36. Zhang HJ, Ni YW, Chen JP, Zhang Q Influence of variation in the operating conditions on PCDD/F distribution in a full-scale MSW incinerator. Chemosphere 2008, 70(4):721-730.