메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 755-765

Surrogate compounds for dioxins in incineration. A review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMBUSTION; CONTAMINATION; FEEDSTOCKS; TOXICITY;

EID: 22144486915     PISSN: 0956053X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.026     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (55)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0028973831 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of formation and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogeneous systems
    • R. Addink, and K. Olie Mechanisms of formation and destruction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogeneous systems Environmental Science and Technology 29 6 1995 1425 1435
    • (1995) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 1425-1435
    • Addink, R.1    Olie, K.2
  • 2
    • 0030152499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of PCDD/F in municipal solid waste incinerators: Laboratory and modeling studies
    • E.R. Altwicker Formation of PCDD/F in municipal solid waste incinerators: laboratory and modeling studies Journal of Hazardous Materials 47 1996 137 161
    • (1996) Journal of Hazardous Materials , vol.47 , pp. 137-161
    • Altwicker, E.R.1
  • 3
    • 0032030626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emissions of organic compounds from biofuel combustion and influence of different control parameters using a laboratory scale incinerator
    • P. Andersson, and S. Marklund Emissions of organic compounds from biofuel combustion and influence of different control parameters using a laboratory scale incinerator Chemosphere 36 6 1998 1429 1443
    • (1998) Chemosphere , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1429-1443
    • Andersson, P.1    Marklund, S.2
  • 4
    • 0006136085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating I-TEQ emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) from lower chlorinated PCDD/F and benzenes (PCBz) at a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI)
    • M. Blumenstock, R. Zimmermann, R. Lenhadt, K.-W. Schramm, A. Kaune, U. Nikolai, D. Lenoir, and A. Kaune Estimating I-TEQ emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) from lower chlorinated PCDD/F and benzenes (PCBz) at a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) Organohalogen Compounds 36 1998 47 52
    • (1998) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.36 , pp. 47-52
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Lenhadt, R.3    Schramm, K.-W.4    Kaune, A.5    Nikolai, U.6    Lenoir, D.7    Kaune, A.8
  • 5
    • 0003029692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), biphenyls (PCB), chlorinated benzenes (PCBz) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) under various combustion conditions in a post combustion chamber
    • M. Blumenstock, R. Zimmermann, K.-W. Schramm, B. Henkelmann, and A. Kaune Presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF), biphenyls (PCB), chlorinated benzenes (PCBz) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) under various combustion conditions in a post combustion chamber Organohlogen Compounds 36 1998 59 63
    • (1998) Organohlogen Compounds , vol.36 , pp. 59-63
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Schramm, K.-W.3    Henkelmann, B.4    Kaune, A.5
  • 6
    • 0032679460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the dioxin emission (PCDD/FI - TEQ) from the concentration of low chlorinated aromatic compounds in the flue and stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator
    • M. Blumenstock, R. Zimmermann, K.-W. Schramm, A. Kaune, U. Nikolai, D. Lenoir, and A. Kettrup Estimation of the dioxin emission (PCDD/FI - TEQ) from the concentration of low chlorinated aromatic compounds in the flue and stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolisis 49 1999 179 190
    • (1999) Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolisis , vol.49 , pp. 179-190
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Schramm, K.-W.3    Kaune, A.4    Nikolai, U.5    Lenoir, D.6    Kettrup, A.7
  • 7
    • 0034002405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of combustion on the PCDD/F-, PCB-, PCBz- and PAH-concentrations in the post combustion chamber of a waste incineration pilot plant
    • M. Blumenstock, R. Zimmermann, K.-W. Schramm, and A. Kettrup Influence of combustion on the PCDD/F-, PCB-, PCBz- and PAH-concentrations in the post combustion chamber of a waste incineration pilot plant Chemosphere 40 2000 987 993
    • (2000) Chemosphere , vol.40 , pp. 987-993
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Schramm, K.-W.3    Kettrup, A.4
  • 8
    • 0035129162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry
    • M. Blumenstock, R. Zimmermann, K.-W. Schramm, and A. Kettrup Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line realtime detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI-TOFMS mass spectrometry Chemosphere 42 5-7 2001 507 518
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.42 , Issue.57 , pp. 507-518
    • Blumenstock, M.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Schramm, K.-W.3    Kettrup, A.4
  • 9
    • 0034933861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of PCDD/F emissions with operating parameters of municipal solid waste incinerators
    • K. Everaert, and J. Baeyens Correlation of PCDD/F emissions with operating parameters of municipal solid waste incinerators Air and Waste Management Association 51 2001 718 724
    • (2001) Air and Waste Management Association , vol.51 , pp. 718-724
    • Everaert, K.1    Baeyens, J.2
  • 10
    • 0036147326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation and emission of dioxins in large scale thermal processes
    • K. Everaert, and J. Baeyens The formation and emission of dioxins in large scale thermal processes Chemosphere 46 3 2002 439 448
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 439-448
    • Everaert, K.1    Baeyens, J.2
  • 11
    • 0027304519 scopus 로고
    • Influence of combustion parameters on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, benzenes and biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in a pilot incinerator
    • I. Fängmark, B. van Bavel, S. Marklund, B. Strömberg, N. Berge, and C. Rappe Influence of combustion parameters on the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, benzenes and biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in a pilot incinerator Environmental Science and Technology 27 1993 1602 1610
    • (1993) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.27 , pp. 1602-1610
    • Fängmark, I.1    Van Bavel, B.2    Marklund, S.3    Strömberg, B.4    Berge, N.5    Rappe, C.6
  • 12
    • 0000482613 scopus 로고
    • Formation and sources of PCDD/F
    • H. Fiedler Formation and sources of PCDD/F Organohalogen Compounds 11 1993 221 228
    • (1993) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.11 , pp. 221-228
    • Fiedler, H.1
  • 13
    • 0034085040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs in stack emission samples and identification of a marker congener
    • H. Fiedler, C. Lau, and G. Eduljee Statistical analysis of patterns of PCDDs and PCDFs in stack emission samples and identification of a marker congener Waste Management Research 18 2000 283 292
    • (2000) Waste Management Research , vol.18 , pp. 283-292
    • Fiedler, H.1    Lau, C.2    Eduljee, G.3
  • 14
    • 0030040507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated benzene, phenol, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogenous combustion reactions of acetylene
    • K.L. Froese, and O. Hutzinger Polychlorinated benzene, phenol, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in heterogenous combustion reactions of acetylene Environmental Science and Technology 30 1996 998 1008
    • (1996) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.30 , pp. 998-1008
    • Froese, K.L.1    Hutzinger, O.2
  • 15
    • 0030045957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polychlorinated benzene and polychlorinated phenol in heterogeneous combustion reactions of ethylene and ethane
    • K.L. Froese, and O. Hutzinger Polychlorinated benzene and polychlorinated phenol in heterogeneous combustion reactions of ethylene and ethane Environonmental Science and Technology 30 1996 1009 1013
    • (1996) Environonmental Science and Technology , vol.30 , pp. 1009-1013
    • Froese, K.L.1    Hutzinger, O.2
  • 16
    • 0035125252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line real-time measurements at incineration plants: PAHs and a PCDD/F surrogate compound at stationary combustion conditions and during transient emission puffs
    • H.J. Heger, R. Zimmermann, M. Blumenstock, and A. Kettrup On-line real-time measurements at incineration plants: PAHs and a PCDD/F surrogate compound at stationary combustion conditions and during transient emission puffs Chemosphere 42 5-7 2001 691 696
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.42 , Issue.57 , pp. 691-696
    • Heger, H.J.1    Zimmermann, R.2    Blumenstock, M.3    Kettrup, A.4
  • 18
    • 0030050881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences gained from the sampling of chlorine aromatics in the raw gas of waste incineration plants: Conclusions with regard to dedusting technology
    • H. Hunsinger, S. Kreisz, and H. Vogg Experiences gained from the sampling of chlorine aromatics in the raw gas of waste incineration plants: conclusions with regard to dedusting technology Chemosphere 32 1 1996 109 118
    • (1996) Chemosphere , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-118
    • Hunsinger, H.1    Kreisz, S.2    Vogg, H.3
  • 19
    • 0035218695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convenient substitute indices to toxic equivalent quantity for controlling and monitoring dioxins in stack gas from waste incineration facilities
    • M. Kato, and K. Urano Convenient substitute indices to toxic equivalent quantity for controlling and monitoring dioxins in stack gas from waste incineration facilities Waste Management 21 1 2001 55 62
    • (2001) Waste Management , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-62
    • Kato, M.1    Urano, K.2
  • 20
    • 0035218708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A measuring method of chlorobenzenes as a convenient substitute index of dioxins in stack gas from waste incineration facilities
    • M. Kato, and K. Urano A measuring method of chlorobenzenes as a convenient substitute index of dioxins in stack gas from waste incineration facilities Waste Management 21 1 2001 63 68
    • (2001) Waste Management , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-68
    • Kato, M.1    Urano, K.2
  • 21
    • 32744466648 scopus 로고
    • Estimating toxicity equivalents in the stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator from the concentrations of chlorinated benzenes and biphenyls
    • A. Kaune, D. Lenoir, and U. Nikolai Estimating toxicity equivalents in the stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator from the concentrations of chlorinated benzenes and biphenyls Organohalogen Compounds 11 1993 39 42
    • (1993) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.11 , pp. 39-42
    • Kaune, A.1    Lenoir, D.2    Nikolai, U.3
  • 22
    • 0028609965 scopus 로고
    • Estimating concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator from concentrations of chlorinated benzenes and biphenyls
    • A. Kaune, D. Lenoir, U. Nikolai, and A. Kettrup Estimating concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the stack gas of a hazardous waste incinerator from concentrations of chlorinated benzenes and biphenyls Chemosphere 29 9-11 1994 2083 2096
    • (1994) Chemosphere , vol.29 , Issue.911 , pp. 2083-2096
    • Kaune, A.1    Lenoir, D.2    Nikolai, U.3    Kettrup, A.4
  • 23
    • 0344919647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pentachlorobenzene as indicator for PCDD/F emissions from a hazardous waste incinerator: Effect of using active carbon in the flue gas cleaning
    • A. Kaune, K.-W. Schramm, B. Henkelmann, A. Kettrup, U. Nikolai, R. Zimmermann, and U. Boesl Pentachlorobenzene as indicator for PCDD/F emissions from a hazardous waste incinerator: Effect of using active carbon in the flue gas cleaning Organohalogen Compounds 27 1996 159 162
    • (1996) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.27 , pp. 159-162
    • Kaune, A.1    Schramm, K.-W.2    Henkelmann, B.3    Kettrup, A.4    Nikolai, U.5    Zimmermann, R.6    Boesl, U.7
  • 24
    • 0344919644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indicator parameters for PCDD/F in the flue gas of the hazardous waste incinerator at Leverkusen, Germany
    • A. Kaune, K.-W. Schramm, A. Kettrup, and K. Jaeger Indicator parameters for PCDD/F in the flue gas of the hazardous waste incinerator at Leverkusen, Germany Organohalogen Compounds 27 1996 163 166
    • (1996) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.27 , pp. 163-166
    • Kaune, A.1    Schramm, K.-W.2    Kettrup, A.3    Jaeger, K.4
  • 26
    • 0031868401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols as indicator parameters for chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in incineration processes: Influence of various facilities and sampling points
    • A. Kaune, D. Lenoir, K.-W. Scramm, R. Zimmermann, A. Kettrup, K. Jaerger, H.G. Rükel, and F. Frank Chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols as indicator parameters for chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in incineration processes: Influence of various facilities and sampling points Environmental Engineering Science 15 1 1998 85 95
    • (1998) Environmental Engineering Science , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-95
    • Kaune, A.1    Lenoir, D.2    Scramm, K.-W.3    Zimmermann, R.4    Kettrup, A.5    Jaerger, K.6    Rükel, H.G.7    Frank, F.8
  • 27
    • 0345965857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring dioxins' precursors - A way to ensure a cleaner environment
    • E.D. Lavric, A.A. Konnov, and J. De Ruyck Measuring dioxins' precursors - a way to ensure a cleaner environment Organohalogen Compounds 59 2002 45 48
    • (2002) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.59 , pp. 45-48
    • Lavric, E.D.1    Konnov, A.A.2    De Ruyck, J.3
  • 28
    • 0346597208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a detailed reaction mechanism for the modeling of dioxins' precursors formation
    • E.D. Lavric, A.A. Konnov, and J. De Ruyck Implementation of a detailed reaction mechanism for the modeling of dioxins' precursors formation Organohalogen Compounds 56 2002 201 204
    • (2002) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.56 , pp. 201-204
    • Lavric, E.D.1    Konnov, A.A.2    De Ruyck, J.3
  • 32
    • 32744477536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of carbon morphology and various metal catalysts on the de-novo-synthesis of PCDD/F
    • G. Laue, and R. Herzschuh Influence of carbon morphology and various metal catalysts on the de-novo-synthesis of PCDD/F Organohalogen Compounds 31 1997 542 545
    • (1997) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.31 , pp. 542-545
    • Laue, G.1    Herzschuh, R.2
  • 35
    • 0037188063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dioxin characterization, formation and minimization during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: Review
    • G. McKay Dioxin characterization, formation and minimization during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review Chemical Engineering Journal 86 2002 343 368
    • (2002) Chemical Engineering Journal , vol.86 , pp. 343-368
    • McKay, G.1
  • 36
    • 0022002814 scopus 로고
    • Chlorinated aromatics from the combustion of hazardous waste
    • T. Öberg, J.-P. Aitolla, and J.G.T. Bergström Chlorinated aromatics from the combustion of hazardous waste Chemosphere 14 2 1985 215 221
    • (1985) Chemosphere , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-221
    • Öberg, T.1    Aitolla, J.-P.2    Bergström, J.G.T.3
  • 37
    • 0021814662 scopus 로고
    • Hexachlorobenzene as an indicator of dioxin production from combustion
    • T. Öberg, and J.G.T. Bergström Hexachlorobenzene as an indicator of dioxin production from combustion Chemosphere 14 8 1985 1081 1086
    • (1985) Chemosphere , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 1081-1086
    • Öberg, T.1    Bergström, J.G.T.2
  • 38
    • 0023222095 scopus 로고
    • Emission and chlorination pattern of PCDD/PCDF predicted from indicator parameters
    • T. Öberg, and J.G.T. Bergström Emission and chlorination pattern of PCDD/PCDF predicted from indicator parameters Chemosphere 16 6 1987 1221 1230
    • (1987) Chemosphere , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 1221-1230
    • Öberg, T.1    Bergström, J.G.T.2
  • 39
    • 0024416092 scopus 로고
    • Indicator parameters for PCDD/PCDF
    • T. Öberg, and J.G.T. Bergström Indicator parameters for PCDD/PCDF Chemosphere 19 1-6 1989 337 344
    • (1989) Chemosphere , vol.19 , Issue.16 , pp. 337-344
    • Öberg, T.1    Bergström, J.G.T.2
  • 41
    • 0023226291 scopus 로고
    • Formation and presence of polyhalogenated and polycyclic compounds in the emissions of small and large scale municipal waste incinerators
    • M. Oehme, S. Manø, and A. Mikalsen Formation and presence of polyhalogenated and polycyclic compounds in the emissions of small and large scale municipal waste incinerators Chemosphere 16 1 1987 143 153
    • (1987) Chemosphere , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 143-153
    • Oehme, M.1    Manø, S.2    Mikalsen, A.3
  • 42
    • 0026335205 scopus 로고
    • On formation conditions of organohalogen compounds from particulate carbon of fly ash
    • L. Stieglitz, H. Vogg, G. Zwick, and H. Bautz On formation conditions of organohalogen compounds from particulate carbon of fly ash Chemosphere 23 8-10 1991 1255 1264
    • (1991) Chemosphere , vol.23 , Issue.810 , pp. 1255-1264
    • Stieglitz, L.1    Vogg, H.2    Zwick, G.3    Bautz, H.4
  • 43
    • 0035035974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convenient dioxin measuring method using an efficient sampling train, an efficient HPLC system and a highly sensitive HRGC/LRMS with a PTV injector
    • K. Urano, M. Kato, Y. Nagayanagi, Y. Saito, A. Aono, J. Nagata, and H. Syudo Convenient dioxin measuring method using an efficient sampling train, an efficient HPLC system and a highly sensitive HRGC/LRMS with a PTV injector Chemosphere 43 4-7 2001 425 431
    • (2001) Chemosphere , vol.43 , Issue.47 , pp. 425-431
    • Urano, K.1    Kato, M.2    Nagayanagi, Y.3    Saito, Y.4    Aono, A.5    Nagata, J.6    Syudo, H.7
  • 45
    • 0029991726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflence of level and form of chlorine on the formation of chlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans, and benzenes during combustion of an artificial fuel in a laboratory reactor
    • E. Wikström, G. Löfvenius, C. Rappe, and S. Marklund Inflence of level and form of chlorine on the formation of chlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans, and benzenes during combustion of an artificial fuel in a laboratory reactor Environmental Science and Technology 30 1996 1637 1644
    • (1996) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.30 , pp. 1637-1644
    • Wikström, E.1    Löfvenius, G.2    Rappe, C.3    Marklund, S.4
  • 48
    • 0742324397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time-monitored decrease of trichlorophenol as a dioxin surrogate in flue gas using iron oxide catalyst
    • M. Yamada, I. Waki, M. Sakairi, M. Sakamoto, and T. Imai Real-time-monitored decrease of trichlorophenol as a dioxin surrogate in flue gas using iron oxide catalyst Chemosphere 54 10 2004 1475 1480
    • (2004) Chemosphere , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 1475-1480
    • Yamada, M.1    Waki, I.2    Sakairi, M.3    Sakamoto, M.4    Imai, T.5
  • 49
    • 0028641298 scopus 로고
    • Isomer-selective ionization of chlorinated aromatics with lasers for analytical time-of-flight mass spectrometry: First results for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), biphenyls (PCB) and benzenes (PCBz)
    • R. Zimmermann, U. Boesl, C. Weickhardt, D. Lenoir, K.-W. Schramm, A. Kettrup, and E.W. Schlag Isomer-selective ionization of chlorinated aromatics with lasers for analytical time-of-flight mass spectrometry: first results for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), biphenyls (PCB) and benzenes (PCBz) Chemosphere 29 9-11 1994 1877 1888
    • (1994) Chemosphere , vol.29 , Issue.911 , pp. 1877-1888
    • Zimmermann, R.1    Boesl, U.2    Weickhardt, C.3    Lenoir, D.4    Schramm, K.-W.5    Kettrup, A.6    Schlag, E.W.7
  • 51
    • 0032987837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On line measurement of chlorobenzene in waste incineration flue gas as a surrogate for the Emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (I-TEQ) using mobile resonance laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    • R. Zimmermann, H.J. Heger, M. Blumenstock, R. Dorfner, K.-W. Schramm, U. Boesl, and A. Kettrup On line measurement of chlorobenzene in waste incineration flue gas as a surrogate for the Emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (I-TEQ) using mobile resonance laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 13 1999 307 314
    • (1999) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry , vol.13 , pp. 307-314
    • Zimmermann, R.1    Heger, H.J.2    Blumenstock, M.3    Dorfner, R.4    Schramm, K.-W.5    Boesl, U.6    Kettrup, A.7
  • 52
    • 0012264799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REMPI-spectroscopy of dibenzo-p-dioxin and its chlorinated isomers: Implication for analytical applications of the REMPI-TOFMS technique
    • R. Zimmermann REMPI-spectroscopy of dibenzo-p-dioxin and its chlorinated isomers: implication for analytical applications of the REMPI-TOFMS technique Organohalogen Compounds 54 2001 374 379
    • (2001) Organohalogen Compounds , vol.54 , pp. 374-379
    • Zimmermann, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.