Dysfunctional delegation: Why the design of the CDM's supervisory system is fundamentally flawed

Climate Policy

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 277-288

  Lund, Emma ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Additionality; CDM executive board (EB); Clean development mechanism (CDM); Delegation; Designated operational entities (DOE); Post 2012 negotiations

Indexed keywords

CARBON EMISSION; CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM; CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION; GREENHOUSE GAS; KYOTO PROTOCOL;

EID: 77957652279     PISSN: 14693062     EISSN: 17527457     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3763/cpol.2009.0031     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. AWGKP, 2009, Emissions Trading and the Project-Based Mechanisms: Draft Conclusions proposed by the Chair, FCCC/KP/AWG/2009/L.2.
2. Bawn, K., 1997, 'Choosing strategies to control the bureaucracy: statutory constraints, oversight, and the committee System', Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 13, 101-126.
3. Börzel, T.A., Risse, T., 2005, 'Public-private partnerships: effective and legitimate tools of transnational governance?', in E. Grande, L.W. Pauly (eds), Complex Sovereignty, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 195-216.
4. Bradley, C.A., Kelley, J., 2008, 'The concept of international delegation', Law and Contemporary Problems 71, 1-36.
5. Carbon Trust, 2009, Global Carbon Mechanisms: Emerging Lessons and Implications, Carbon Trust, UK.
6. CDM-EB, 2008, Meeting Report of the Forty-fourth Meeting of the Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism, 28 November 2008, CDM-EB-44 [available at http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/archives/meetings_08.html].
7. CDM-EB, 2009, Executive Board of the Clean Development Mechanism, Forty-ninth Meeting, Report, 11 September 2009, CDM-EB-49 [available at http://cdm.unfccc.int/EB/archives/meetings_09.html#049].
8. CMIA (Carbon Markets and Investors Association), 2008, Improving the Governance and Transparency of the Clean Development Mechanism, Report distributed at COP-14.
9. de Sepibus, J., 2009, The Environmental Integrity of the CDM Mechanism: A Legal Analysis of its Institutional and Procedural Shortcomings, NCCR Trade Working Paper No 2009/24.
10. Epstein, D., O'Halloran, S., 1999, Delegating Powers: A Transaction Cost Politics Approach to Policy Making under Separate Powers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
11. Fogarty, D., 2008, 'DNV suspension unfair, threat to projects-developer', 2008-12-03 [available at www.forexpros.com/news/commodities-and-futures-news/dnv-suspension-unfair,-threat-to-projects-developer-10719].
12. Green, J., 2008, 'Delegation and accountability in the Clean Development Mechanism: the new authority of non-state actors', Journal of International Law and International Relations 4, 21-55.
13. Green, J., 2009, 'Private authority on the rise: a century of delegation in multilateral environmental agreements', paper presented at the 50th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association, New York, 15-18 February 2009.
14. Hawkins, D.G., Lake, D.A., Nielson, D.L., Tierney, M.J., 2006, 'Delegation under anarchy: states, international organizations, and principal-agent theory', in D.G. Hawkins, D.A. Lake, D.L. Nielson, M.J. Tierney (eds), 2006, Delegation and Agency in International Organizations, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 3-38.
15. Haya, B., 2007, Failed Mechanism: How the CDM is Subsidizing Hydro Developers and Harming the Kyoto Protocol, International Rivers, Berkeley, CA.
16. Hicks, R.L., Parks, B.C., Roberts, J.T., Tierney, M.J., 2008, Greening Aid? Understanding the Environmental Impact of Development Assistance, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
17. Hunt, J.P., 2008, Credit Rating Agencies and the 'Worldwide Credit Crisis': The Limits of Reputation, the Insufficiency of Reform, and a Proposal for Improvement [available at: http://works.bepress.com/john_hunt/1].
18. IETA, 2008, State of the CDM 2008: Facilitating a Smooth Transition into a Mature Environmental Financing Mechanism, International Emissions Trading Association.
19. Kolmetz, S., 2008, 'CDM clot: what is the antidote?', Presentation at IETA side event at COP-14 in Poznan, Kolmetz represented the DOE TÜV Süd.
20. Lövbrand, E., Rindefjäll, T., Nordqvist, J., 2009, 'Closing the legitimacy gap in global environmental governance? Lessons from the emerging CDM market', Global Environmental Politics 9, 74-100.
21. Mattli, W., Büthe, T., 2005, 'Accountability in accounting? The politics of private rule-making in the public interest', Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions 18, 399-429.
22. Michaelowa, A., Purohit, P., 2007, Additionality Determination of Indian CDM Projects: Can Indian CDM Project Developers Outwit the CDM Executive Board? University of Zurich, Switzerland.
23. Moe, T.M., 1984, 'The new economics of organization', American Journal of Political Science 28, 739-777.
24. Purdy, R., Slater, D.H., 2008, Towards the Reform of the Clean Development Mechanism, Report prepared by Cambrensis Consultants with the support of IETA, distributed at COP-14.
25. Purdy, R., 2009, 'Governance reform of the Clean Development Mechanism after Poznan', Carbon and Climate Law Review 1, 5-15.
26. Repetto, R., 2001. 'The Clean Development Mechanism: institutional breakthrough or institutional nightmare?', Policy Sciences 34, 303-327.
27. Ross, S.A., 1973, 'The economic theory of agency: the principal's problem', American Economic Review 63, 134-139.
28. Schneider, L., 2007, Is the CDM Fulfilling its Environmental and Sustainable Development Objectives? An Evaluation of the CDM and Options for Improvement, Öko-Institut, Berlin.
29. Schneider, L., Mohr, L., 2009, A Rating of Designated Operational Entities (DOEs) Accredited under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Report for WWF, Öko-Institut, Berlin.
30. Sinclair, T.J., 2005, The New Masters of Capital: American Bond Rating Agencies and the Politics of Creditworthiness, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
31. Stehr, H.J, 2008, 'Does the CDM need an institutional reform?', in K. Holm Olsen, J. Fenhann (eds), A Reformed CDM: Including New Mechanisms for Sustainable Development, UNEP Risoe Centre, Roskilde, Denmark.
32. Streck, C., 2007, 'The governance of the clean development mechanism: the case for strength and stability', Environmental Liability 2, 91-100.
33. Tallberg, J., 1999, Making States Comply, Lund Political Studies 109, Department of Political Science, Lund University, Sweden.
34. Thatcher, M., Stone Sweet, A., 2003, 'Theory and practice of delegation to non-majoritarian institutions', in M. Thatcher, A. Stone Sweet (eds), The Politics of Delegation, Frank Cass and Co, London, 1-22.
35. UNEP Risoe, 2009, CDM/JI Pipeline Analysis and Database, 1 October 2009 [available at http://cdmpipeline.org/].
36. UNFCCC, 2001, Report to the Conference of the Parties on its Seventh Session. Part 2. Action Taken by the Conference of the Parties, FCCC/CP/2001/13/Add.2.
37. UNFCCC, 2005, Report of the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol on its First Session, Held at Montreal from 28 November to 10 December 2005. Addendum. Part 2: Action Taken by the Conference of the Parties Serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol at its First Session, FCCC/KP/CMP/2005/8/Add.1.
38. UNFCCC, 2009, List of DOEs, 14 October 2009 [available at http://cdm.unfccc.int/DOE/list/index.html].
39. Victor, D.G., Wara, M.W., 2008, A Realistic Policy on International Carbon Offsets, Working Paper 74, Stanford, CA.