Source of prolonged bursts of high-energy gamma rays detected in thunderstorm atmosphere in Japan at the coastal area of the Sea of Japan and on high mountaintop

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 115, Issue 9, 2010, Pages

  Babich, Leonid P ^a   Bochkov, Evgeniǐ I ^a   Donskoǐ, Evgeniǐ N ^a   Kutsyk, Igor M ^a  

^a RUSSIAN FEDERAL NUCLEAR CENTER VNIIEF   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957605582     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2009JA015017     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Alexeenko, V. V., N. S. Khaerdinov, A. S. Lidvansky, and V. B. Petkov (2002), Transient variations of secondary cosmic rays due to atmospheric electric field and evidence for pre-lightning particle acceleration, Phys. Lett. A, 301, 299-306, doi:10.1016/S0375-9601(02)00981-7.
2. Babich, L. P. (2003), High-Energy Phenomena in Electric Discharges in Dense Gases: Theory, Experiment and Natural Phenomena, Futurepast, Arlington, Va.
3. Babich, L. P. (2006), Generation of neutrons in giant upward atmospheric discharges, JETP Lett, 84, 285-288, doi:10.1134/S0021364006180020. (Pubitemid 44848274)
4. Babich, L. P., and R. A. Roussel-Dupré (2007), Origin of neutron flux increases observed in correlation with lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D13303, doi:10.1029/2006JD008340. (Pubitemid 47408389)
5. Babich, L. P., E. N. Donskoǐ, I. M. Kutsyk, and R. A. Roussel-Dupré (2004a), Bremsstrahlung of relativistic electron avalanche in the atmosphere, Geomagn. Aeron., Engl. Transl., 44(5), 616-674.
6. Babich, L. P., E. N. Donskoǐ, R. I. Il'kaev, I. M. Kutsyk, and R. A. Roussel-Dupré (2004b), Fundamental parameters of a relativistic runaway electron avalanche in air, Plasma Phys. Rep., 30(7), 616-624, doi:10.1134/1.1778437. (Pubitemid 39258756)
7. Babich, L. P., E. N. Donskoy, and R. A. Roussel-Dupré (2007a), Study of relativistic electron avalanche enhancement in the atmosphere at low overvoltages due to avalanche bremsstrahlung, Geomagn. Aeron., Engl. Transl., 47(4), 515-524, doi:10.1134/S0016793207040135.
8. Babich, L. P., A. Y. Kudryavtsev, M. L. Kudryavtseva, and I. M. Kutsyk (2007b), Neutron generation by upward atmospheric discharges, Dokl. Earth Sci., 415, 885-889, doi:10.1134/S1028334X07060128.
9. Babich, L. P., A. Y. Kudryavtsev, M. L. Kudryavtseva, and I. M. Kutsyk (2008a), Atmospheric gamma-ray and neutron flashes, J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 106, 65-76.
10. Babich, L. P., E. N. Donskoǐ, A. Y. Kudryavtsev, and I. M. Kutsyk (2008b), Analysis of terrestrial γ-ray flashes correlated with small variations in the dipole momentum of a thunderstorm cloud, Dokl. Earth Sci., 421, 1004-1008, doi:10.1134/S1028334X08060329.
11. Babich, L. P., E. N. Donskoǐ, and I. M. Kutsyk (2008c), Analysis of atmospheric gamma-ray flashes detected in near space with allowance for the transport of photons in the atmosphere, J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 107, 49-60, doi:10.1134/S1063776108070042.
12. Babich, L. P., E. N. Donskoǐ, A. Y. Kudryavtsev, M. L. Kudryavtseva, and I. M. Kutsyk (2009), Simulation of terrestrial gamma-ray and neutron flashes, AIP Conf. Proc., 1118, 52-57.
13. Babich, L. P., E. I. Bochkov, I. M. Kutsyk, and R. A. Roussel-Dupré (2010), Localization of the source of terrestrial neutron bursts detected in thunderstorm atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A00E28, doi:10.1029/2009JA014750.
14. Bratolyubova-Tsulukidze, L. S., E. A. Grachev, O. R. Grigoryan, V. E. Kunitsyn, B. M. Kuzhevskij, D. S. Lysakov, O. Y. Nechaev, and M. E. Usanova (2004), Thunderstorms as the probable reason of high background neutron fluxes at L < 1.2, Adv. Space Res., 34, 1815-1818, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2003.03.044.
15. Brunetti, M., S. Cecchini, M. Galli, G. Giovannini, and A. Pagliarin (2000), Gamma-ray bursts of atmospheric origin in the MeV energy range, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1599-1602, doi:10.1029/2000GL003750. (Pubitemid 32040495)
16. Chubenko, A. P., V. P. Antonova, S. P. Kryukov, V. V. Piskal, M. O. Ptitsyn, A. L. Shepetov, L. I. Vildanova, K. P. Zybin, and A. V. Gurevich (2000), Intensive X-ray emission bursts during thunderstorms, Phys. Lett. A, 275, 90-100, doi:10.1016/S0375-9601(00)00502-8.
17. Cullen, D. E., et al (1989), Tables and graphs of photon-interaction cross sections from 10 eV to 100 GeV, Rep. UCRL-50400, in LLNL Evaluated Photon Data Library, vol. 6, rev. 4, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., Livermore, Calif.
18. Cullen, D. E., S. T. Perkins, and S. M. Seltzer (1991), Tables and graphs of electron interaction cross sections Z = 1-100, Rep. UCRL-50400, LLNL Evaluated Electron Data Library, vol. 31, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., Livermore, Calif.
19. Cullen, D. E., M. H. Chen, and J. H. Hubbell (1994), Rep. IAEA-NDS-158, Nucl. Data Serv., Int. At. Energy Agency, Vienna.
20. Donskoǐ, E. N. (1993), Technique and code ELIZA for solving by Monte-Carlo technique problems of combined transport of gamma radiation, electrons and positrons (in Russian), Probl. At. Sci. Technol., Ser. Math. Model. Phys. Processes, 1, 3-6.
21. Dwyer, J. R. (2003a), Energetic radiation produced during rocket-triggered lightning, Science, 299, 694-697, doi:10.1126/science.1078940. (Pubitemid 36159481)
22. Dwyer, J. R. (2003b), A fundamental limit on electric fields in air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2055, doi:10.1029/2003GL017781.
23. Dwyer, J. R. (2004), Implications of X-ray emission from lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L12102, doi:10.1029/2004GL019795. (Pubitemid 39384041)
24. Dwyer, J. R. (2007), Relativistic breakdown in planetary atmospheres, Phys. Plasmas, 14, 042901, doi:10.1063/1.2709652. (Pubitemid 46685548)
25. Dwyer, J. R., and D. M. Smith (2005), A comparison between Monte Carlo simulations of runaway breakdown and terrestrial gamma-ray flash observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22804, doi:10.1029/2005GL023848. (Pubitemid 43092286)
26. Dwyer, J. R., et al (2004a), A ground level gamma-ray burst observed in association with rocket-triggered lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05119, doi:10.1029/2003GL018771.
27. Dwyer, J. R., et al (2004b), Measurements of X-ray emission from rocket triggered lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05118, doi:10.1029/2003GL018770.
28. Dwyer, J. R., et al (2005), X-ray bursts associated with leader steps in cloud-to-ground lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01803, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL021782. (Pubitemid 40472995)
29. Eack, K. B., W. H. Beasley, W. D. Rust, T. C. Marshall, and M. Stolzenburg (1996a), Initial results from simultaneous observation of X rays and electric fields in a thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,637-29,640, doi:10.1029/96JD01705.
30. Eack, K. B., W. H. Beasley, W. D. Rust, T. C. Marshall, and M. Stolzenburg (1996b), X-ray pulses observed above a mesoscale convective system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2915-2918, doi:10.1029/96GL02570.
31. Eack, K. B., D. M. Suszcynsky, W. B. Beasley, R. A. Roussel-Dupre, and E. M. Symbalisty (2000), Gamma-ray emissions in a thunderstorm anvil, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 185-188, doi:10.1029/1999GL010849.
32. Fishman, G. J., et al (1994), Discovery of intense gamma-ray flashes of atmospheric origin, Science, 264, 1313-1316, doi:10.1126/science.264.5163.1313.
33. Gurevich, A. V., G. M. Milikh, and R. A. Roussel-Dupré (1992), Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and preconditioning during a thunderstorm, Phys. Lett. A, 165, 463-468, doi:10.1016/0375-9601 (92)90348-P.
34. Gusev, A. A., I. M. Martin, M. A. Alves, G. I. Pugacheva, O. R. Grigoryan, and A. Petrov (2009), Variations of thermal neutrons background low widths at the territory of Brazil, paper presented at Conference on Physics of Plasma in Solar System, Inst. for Space Res. of the Russ. Acad. of Sci., Moscow, 17-20 Feb.
35. Howard, J., M. A. Uman, J. R. Dwyer, D. Hill, C. Biagi, Z. Saleh, J. Jerauld, and H. K. Rassoul (2008), Co-location of lightning leader X-ray and electric field change sources, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L13817, doi:10.1029/2008GL034134.
36. Kissel, L., C. A. Quarles, and R. H. Pratt (1983), Shape functions for atomic-field bremsstrahlung from electrons of kinetic energy 1-500 keV on selected neutral atoms 1 ≤ Z ≤ 92, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 28(3), 381-460, doi:10.1016/0092-640X(83)90001-3.
37. Koch, H. W., and J. W. Motz (1959), Bremsstrahlung cross section formulas and related data, Rev. Mod. Phys., 31(4), 920-955, doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.31. 920.
38. Korolev, Y. D., and G. A. Mesyats (1998), Physics of Pulsed Breakdown in Gases (in Russian), Ural Div., Russ. Acad. of Sci., Yekaterinburg, Russia.
39. Krehbiel, P. R. (1986), The electrical structure of thunderstorm, in The Earth's Electrical Environment, pp. 90-113, Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, D.C.
40. Kuzhevskij, B. M. (2004), Neutron generation in lightning, Moscow Univ. Phys. Bull., Ser. 3, Phys. Astron., 5, 14-16.
41. Kuzhevskij, B. M., D. S. Lysakov, O. Y. Nechaev, and M. E. Usanova (2004), Thunderstorms as the probable reason of high background neutron fluxes at L < 1.2, Adv. Space Res., 34, 1815-1818.
42. Lehtinen, N. G., T. F. Bell, and U. S. Inan (1999), Monte Carlo simulation of runaway MeV air breakdown with application to red sprites and terrestrial gamma ray flashes, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24,699-24,712, doi:10.1029/1999JA900335.
43. McCarthy, M., and G. K. Parks (1985), Further observations of X-rays inside thunderstorms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 393-396, doi:10.1029/ GL012i006p00393.
44. Michimoto, K. (1993), A study of the charge distribution in winter thunderclouds by means of network recording of surface electric fields and radar observation of cloud structure in the Hokuriku district, J. Atmos. Electr., 13, 33-46.
45. Moore, C. B., K. B. Eack, G. D. Aulich, and W. Rison (2001), Energetic radiation associated with lightning stepped-leaders, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2141-2144, doi:10.1029/2001GL013140. (Pubitemid 32596223)
46. Muraki, Y., et al (2004), Effects of electric fields on cosmic rays, Phys. Rev. D, 69, 123010, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.69.123010. (Pubitemid 44653847)
47. Parks, G. K., B. H. Mauk, R. Spiger, and J. Chin (1981), X-ray enhancements detected during thunderstorm and lightning activities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 1176-1179, doi:10.1029/GL008i011p01176.
48. Perkins, S. T. (1991), Tables and graphs of atomic subshell and relaxation, Rep. UCRL-50400, in LLNL Evaluated Atomic Data Library, vol. 30, Lawrence Livermore Natl. Lab., Livermore, Calif.
49. Seltzer, S. M., and M. J. Berger (1986), Bremsstrahlung energy spectra from electrons with kinetic energy 1 keV - 10 GeV on screened nuclei and orbital electrons of neutral atoms with Z = 1-100, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 35(3), 345-418, doi:10.1016/0092-640X(86)90014-8.
50. Shah, G. N., H. Razdan, C. L. Bhat, and Q. M. Ali (1985), Neutron generation in lightning bolts, Nature, 313, 773-775, doi:10.1038/313773a0.
51. Shyam, A., and T. C. Kaushik (1999), Observation of neutron bursts associated with atmospheric lightning discharge, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6867-6869, doi:10.1029/98JA02683.
52. Smith, D. M., L. I. Lopez, R. P. Lin, and C. P. Barrington-Leigh (2005), Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes observed up to 20 MeV, Science, 307, 1085-1088, doi:10.1126/science.1107466. (Pubitemid 40262109)
53. Torii, T., M. Takeishi, and T. Hosono (2002), Observation of gamma-ray dose increase associated with winter thunderstorm and lightning activity, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D17), 4324, doi:10.1029/2001JD000938. (Pubitemid 43206129)
54. Torii, T., T. Nishijima, Z.-I. Kawasaki, and T. Sugita (2004), Downward emission of runaway electrons and bremsstrahlung photons in thunderstorm electric fields, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05113, doi:10.1029/2003GL019067.
55. Torii, T., T. Sugita, S. Tanabe, Y. Kimura, M. Kamogawa, K. Yajima, and H. Yasuda (2009), Gradual increase of energetic radiation associated with thunderstorm activity at the top of Mt. Fuji, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13804, doi:10.1029/2008GL037105.
56. Tsuchiya, H., et al (2007), Detection of high-energy gamma rays from winter thunderclouds, Phys. Rev. Lett., 99, 165002.
57. Tsuchiya, H., et al (2009), Observation of an energetic radiation burst from mountain-top thunderclouds, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 255003.
58. Williams, E., et al (2006), Lightning flashes conducive to the production and escape of gamma radiation to space, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D16209, doi:10.1029/2005JD006447. (Pubitemid 46290738)