Implications of x-ray emission from lightning

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 31, Issue 12, 2004, Pages

  Dwyer, J R ^a  

^a FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTRONS; IONIZATION; LIGHTNING; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE EMISSION; ROCKETS; X RAY SCATTERING;

NEUTRAL ATOMS; RUNAWAY ELECTRONS; X-RAY EMISSIONS; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS;

X RAYS; ELECTRONS;

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY; LIGHTNING; X-RAY;

BREAKDOWN FIELD; BULK ELECTRONS; ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH; MEASUREMENTS OF; RELATIVISTIC RUNAWAY ELECTRON; RUNAWAY ELECTRONS; TRIGGERED LIGHTNING; X-RAY OBSERVATIONS;

EID: 6044252381     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004GL019795     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Babich, L. P. (2003), High-Energy Phenomena in Electric Discharges in Dense Gases: Theory, Experiment and Natural Phenomena, ISTC Sci. Technol. Ser., vol. 2, 358 pp., Futurepast, Arlington, Va.
2. Bazelyan, E. M., and Y. P. Raizer (2000), Lightning Physics and Lightning Protection, Inst. of Phys., Bristol, UK.
3. Dwyer, J. R. (2003), A fundamental limit on electric fields in air, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2055, doi:10.1029/2003GL017781.
4. Dwyer, J. R., et al. (2003), Energetic radiation produced during rocket-triggered lightning, Science, 299, 694-697.
5. Dwyer, J. R., et al. (2004a), Measurements of x-ray emission from rocket-triggered lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05118, doi:10.1029/2003GL018770.
6. Dwyer, J. R., et al. (2004b), A ground level gamma-ray burst observed in association with rocket-triggered lightning, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05119, doi:10.1029/2003GL018771.
7. Eack, K. B., W. H. Beasley, W. D. Rust, T. C. Marshall, and M. Stolzenburg (1996), Initial results from simultaneous observation of X rays and electric fields in a thunderstorm, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,637-29,640.
8. Gurevich, A. V. (1961), On the theory of runaway electrons, Sov. Phys. JETP Engl. Transl., 12, 904-912.
9. Gurevich, A. V., and K. P. Zybin (2001), Runaway breakdown and electric discharges in thunderstorms, Phys. Usp., 44, 1119-1140.
10. Gurevich, A. V., G. M. Milikh, and R. Roussel-Dupré (1992), Runaway electron mechanism of air breakdown and preconditioning during a thunderstorm, Phys. Lett. A, 165, 463-468.
11. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (1984), Stopping powers of electrons and positrons, ICRU Rep. 37, Figure 8.2 and Tables 8.1 and 12.4, Bethesda, Md.
12. Jordan, D., V. Rakov, W. Beasley, and M. Uman (1997), Luminosity characteristics of dart leaders and return strokes in natural lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2025-2032.
13. Koch, H. K., and J. W. Motz (1959), Bremsstrahlung cross-section formulas and related data, Rev. Mod. Phys., 31, 920-955.
14. Miki, M., V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, G. H. Schnetzer, and M. A. Uman (2002), Electric fields near triggered lightning channels measured with Pockels sensors, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D16), 4277, doi:10.1029/2001JD001087.
15. Moore, C. B., K. B. Eack, G. D. Aulich, and W. Rison (2001), Energetic radiation associated with lightning stepped-leaders, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2141-2144.
16. Rakov, V. A., and M. A. Uman (2003), Lightning Physics and Effects, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.