Neurosyphilis and stroke

Uncommon Causes of Stroke, 2nd Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 35-40

  Davis, Larry E ^a   Graham, Glenn D ^a  

^a NEW MEXICO VA HEALTH CARE SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957575103     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511544897.007     Document Type: Chapter

References (56)

1. Aho, K., Sievers, K., and Salo, O. P. 1969. Late complications of syphilis: A comparative epidemiological and serological study of cardiovascular syphilis and various forms of neurosyphilis. Acta Derm Venereol, 49, 336-42.
2. Aldrich, M. S., Burke, J. M., and Gulati, S. M. 1983. Angiographic findings in a young man with recurrent stroke and positive fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA). Stroke, 14, 1001-4.
3. Alpers, B. J. 1954. Clinical Neurology, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: FA Davis.
4. Bates, B., Choi, J. Y., Duncan, P. W., et al. 2005. Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Adult Stroke Rehabilitation Care: Executive summary. Stroke, 36, 2049-56.
5. Bordon, J., Martinez-Vazquez, C., Alvarez, M., et al. 1995. Neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 14, 864-9.
6. Brightbill, T. C., Ihmeidan, I. H., Post, M. J., Berger, J. R., and Katz, D. A. 1995. Neu-rosyphilis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients: Neuroimaging find-ings. Am J Neuroradiol, 16, 703-11.
7. Buchacz, K., Patel, P., Taylor, M., et al. 2004. Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections. AIDS, 18, 2075-9.
8. Burke, J. M., and Schaberg, D. R. 1985. Neurosyphilis in the antibiotic era. Neu-rology, 35, 1368-71.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2002. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2002. Atlanta, GA: CDC, 51 (RR06).
10. Chambers, B. R., Bladin, P. F., McGrath, K., and Goble, A. J. 1981. Stroke syndromes in young people. Clin Exp Neurol, 18, 132-44.
11. Clark, E. G., and Danbolt, N. 1955. The Oslo study of the natural history of untreated syphilis; an epidemiologic investigation based on a restudy of the Boeck-Bruusgaard material; a review and appraisal. J Chronic Dis, 2, 311-44.
12. Danielsen, A. G., Weismann, K., Jorgensen, B. B., Heidenheim, M., and Fugleholm, A. M. 2004. Incidence, clinical presentation and treatment of neurosyphilis in Denmark 1980-1997. Acta Derm Venereol, 84, 459-62.
13. Davis, L., and Schmitt, J. 1989. Clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid tests for neurosyphilis. Ann Neurol, 25, 50-5.
14. Davis, L., and Sperry, S. 1978. Bell's palsy and secondary syphilis: CSF spirochetes detected by immunofluorescence. Ann Neurol, 4, 378-80.
15. Duncan, P. W., Zorowitz, R., Bates, B., et al. 2005. Management of adult stroke rehabilitation care: A clinical practice guideline. Stroke, 36, e100-43.
16. Fisher, M., and Poser, C. M. 1977. Syphilitic meningomyelitis: A case report. Arch Neurol, 34, 785.
17. Flint, A. C., Liberato, B. B., Anziska, Y., Schantz-Dunn, J., and Wright, C. B. 2005. Meningovascular syphilis as a cause of basilar artery stenosis. Neurology, 64, 391-2.
18. Funnye, A. S., and Akhtar, A. J. 2003. Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection. J Natl Med Assoc, 95, 363-82.
19. Gaa, J., Weidauer, S., Sitzer, M., Lanfermann, H., and Zanella, F. E. 2004. Cerebral vasculitis due to Treponema pallidum infection: MRI and MRA findings. Eur Radiol, 14, 746-7.
20. Gallego, J., Soriano, G., Zubieta, J. L., Delgado, G., and Villanueva, J. A. 1994. Mag-netic resonance angiography in meningovascular syphilis. Neuroradiology, 36, 208-9.
21. Golden, M. R., Marra, C. M., and Holmes, K. K. 2003. Update on syphilis: Resur-gence of an old problem. JAMA, 290, 1510-4.
22. Good, C. D., and Jager, H. R. 2000. Contrast enhancement of the cerebrospinal fluid on MRI in two cases of spirochaetal meningitis. Neuroradiology, 42, 448-50.
23. Gray, F., and Alonso, J. M. 2002. Bacterial infections of the central nervous system. In Greenfield's Neuropathology, 7th edn. D. I. Graham and P. L. Lantos, eds. London: Arnold, pp. II:178-II:184.
24. Harrigan, E. P., McLaughlin, T. J., and Feldman, R. G. 1984. Transverse myelitis due to meningovascular syphilis. Arch Neurol, 41, 337-8.
25. Holland, B. A., Perrett, L. V., and Mills, C. M. 1986. Meningovascular syphilis: CT and MRI findings. Radiology, 158, 439-42.
26. Hook, E. W. III, and Peeling, R. W. 2004. Syphilis control-a continuing challenge. N EnglJ Med, 351, 122-4.
27. Hooshmand, H., Escobar, M. R., and Kopf, S. W. 1972. Neurosyphilis. A study of 241 patients. JAMA, 219, 726-9.
28. Hotson, J. R. 1981. Modern neurosyphilis: A partially treated chronic meningitis. West J Med, 135, 191-200.
29. Jay, C. A. 2006. Treatment of neurosyphilis. Curr Treat Options Neurol, 8, 185-92.
30. Johns, D. R., Tierney, M., and Parker, S. W. 1987. Pure motor hemi-plegia due to meningovascular neurosyphilis. Arch Neurol, 44, 1062-5.
31. Kelley, R. E., Bell, L., Kelley, S. E., and Lee, S. C. 1989. Syphilis detection in cere-brovascular disease. Stroke, 20, 230-4.
32. Kelley, R. E., Minagar, A., Kelley, B. J., and Brunson, R. 2003. Transcranial Doppler monitoring of response to therapy for meningovascular syphilis. J Neu-roimaging, 13, 85-7.
33. Kierland, R. R., Oleary, P. A., and Vandoren, E. 1942. Symptomatic neurosyphilis. J Vener Dis Inf, 22, 360-77.
34. Landi, G., Villani, F., and Anzalone, N. 1990. Variable angiographic findings in patients with stroke and neurosyphilis. Stroke, 21, 333-8.
35. Lowenstein, D. H., Mills, C., and Simon, R. P. 1987. Acute syphilitic transverse myelitis: Unusual presentation of meningovascular syphilis. Genitourin Med, 63, 333-8.
36. Lukehart, S. A., Godornes, C., Molini, B. J., et al. 2004. Macrolide resistance in Treponema pallidum in the United States and Ireland. N Engl J Med, 351, 154-8.
37. Lukehart, S. A., Hook, E. W. III, Baker-Zander, S. A., et al. 1988. Invasion of the central nervous system by Treponema pallidum: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med, 109, 855-62.
38. Marra, C. M. 2004. Neurosyphilis. In Infections of the Central Nervous System, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, pp. 649-57.
39. Marra, C. M., Maxwell, C. L., Tantalo, L., et al. 2004. Normalization of cere-brospinal fluid abnormalities after neurosyphilis therapy: Does HIV status matter? Clin Infect Dis, 38, 1001-6.
40. Merritt, H. H., Adams, R. D., and Solomon, H. C. 1946. Neurosyphilis. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 83-174.
41. Merritt, H. H., and Moore, M. 1935. Acute syphilitic meningitis. Medicine, 14, 119-83.
42. Moore, J. 1941. The Modern Treatment of Syphilis, 2nd edn., Springfield: CC Thomas.
43. Nabatame, H., Nakamura, K., Matuda, M., et al. 1992. MRI of syphilitic myelitis. Neuroradiology, 34, 105-6.
44. Noordhoek, G. T., Engelkens, H. J., Judanarso, J., et al. 1991. Yaws in West Sumatra, Indonesia: Clinical manifestations, serological findings and characterization of new Treponema isolates by DNA probes. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 10, 12-9.
45. Nordenbo, A. M., and Sorensen, P. S. 1981. The incidence and clinical presen-tation of neurosyphilis in Greater Copenhagen, 1974 through 1978. Acta Neurol Scand, 63, 237-46.
46. Perdrup, A., Jorgensen, B. B., and Pedersen, N. S. 1981. Theprofileofneurosyphilis in Denmark. A clinical and serological study of all patients in Denmark with neurosyphilisdisclosedintheyears 1971-1979 incl. By Wassermannreaction (CWRM) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh), 96, 1-14.
47. Peterman, T., Heffelfinger, J., Swint, E., and Groseclose, S. 2005. The changing epidemiology of syphilis. Sex Transm Dis, 32, S4-S10.
48. Peters, K. M., Adam, G., Biedermann, M., Zilkens, K. W., and Gunther, R. 1993. [Osteomyelitis today-diagnostic imaging and therapy]. Zentralbl Chir, 118, 637-45.
49. San Francisco Department of Public Health. 2005. San Francisco Sexually Trans-mitted Disease Annual Summary, 2004.
50. Silber, M. H. 1989. Syphilitic myelopathy. Genitourin Med, 65, 338-41. Simon, R. P. 1985. Neurosyphilis. Arch Neurol, 42, 606-13.
51. Timmermans, M., and Carr, J. 2004. Neurosyphilis in the modern era. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, 1727-30.
52. Tramont, E. C. 2005. Treponema pallidum (syphilis). In Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases, 6th edn., eds. G. L. Mandell, J. Bennett, and R. Dolin. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Churchill, Livingstone, pp. 2768-85.
53. Tyler, K. L., Sandberg, E., and Baum, K. F. 1994. Medical medullary syndrome and meningovascular syphilis: A case report in an HIV-infected man and a review of the literature. Neurology, 44, 2231-5.
54. Umashankar, G., Gupta, V., and Harik, S. I. 2004. Acute bilateral inferior cerebellar infarction in a patient with neurosyphilis. Arch Neurol, 61, 953-6.
55. Vartdal, F., Vandvik, B., Michaelsen, T. E., Loe, K., and Norrby, E. 1982. Neurosyphilis: Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies to Treponema pallidum. Ann Neurol, 11, 35-40.
56. Vatz, K. A., Scheibel, R. L., Keiffer, S. A., and Ansari, K. A. 1974. Neurosyphilis and diffuse cerebral angiopathy: A case report. Neurology, 24, 472-6.