Pediatric HIV infection and bone health: An emerging challenge

Frontiers in Bioscience - Elite

Volumn 2 E, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 1265-1274

  Mora, Stefano ^a   Zamproni, Ilaria ^a   Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo ^b   Vigano, Alessandra ^b  

^a SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral treatment; Bone formation; Bone metabolism; Bone mineral density; Bone resorption; Children; Human immunodeficiency virus; Review

Indexed keywords

BONE; BONE DENSITY; CHILD; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; RADIOGRAPHY; REVIEW;

ABSORPTIOMETRY, PHOTON; BONE AND BONES; BONE DENSITY; CHILD; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 77957355429     PISSN: 19450494     EISSN: 19450508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/e188     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy: Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. JAMA 285, 785-795 (2001)
2. LA Soyka, WP Fairfield, A Klibanski: Clinical review 117: Hormonal determinants and disorders of peak bone mass in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85, 3951-3963 (2000) (Pubitemid 32055332)
3. S Mora, G Barera: Bone mass and bone metabolism in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 39, 129-140 (2004)
4. EB Sochett, O Makitie: Osteoporosis in chronically ill children. Ann Med 37, 286-294 (2005) (Pubitemid 40911066)
5. S Apkon: Osteoporosis in children who have disabilities. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 13, 839-855 (2002) (Pubitemid 35415793)
6. KO O'Brien, M Razavi, RA Henderson, B Caballero, KJ Ellis: Bone mineral content in girls perinatally infected with HIV. Am J Clin Nutr 73, 821-826 (2001) (Pubitemid 32239238)
7. SM Arpadi, M Horlick, J Thorton, PA Cuff, J Wang, DP Kotler: Bone mineral content is lower in prepubertal HIV-infected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29, 450-454 (2002) (Pubitemid 34456335)
8. S Mora, N Sala, D Bricalli, G Zuin, G Chiumello, A Viganò: HAART-associated bone mineral loss through increased rate of bone turnover in vertically HIV-infected children. AIDS 15, 1823-1829 (2001) (Pubitemid 32939243)
9. L Mosekilde: Sex differences in age-related loss of vertebral trabecular bone mass and structure - biomechanical consequences. Bone 10, 425-432 (1989) (Pubitemid 20114923)
10. S Mora, V Gilsanz: Establishment of peak bone mass. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 32, 39-63 (2003) (Pubitemid 36378634)
11. V Gilsanz, DT Gibbens, TF Roe, M Carlson, MO Senac, MI Boechat, HK Huang, EE Schulz, CR Libanati, CC Cann: Vertebral bone density in children: Effect of puberty. Radiology 166, 847-850 (1988) (Pubitemid 18058955)
12. V Gilsanz, TF Roe, S Mora, G Costin, WG Goodman: Changes in vertebral bone density in black girls and white girls during childhood and puberty. N Engl J Med 325, 1597-1600 (1991)
13. DA Bailey, HA McKay, RL Mirwald, PR Crocker, RA Faulkner: A six-year longitudinal study of the relationship of physical activity to bone mineral accrual in growing children: The University of Saskatchewan bone mineral accrual study. J Bone Miner Res 14, 1672-1679 (1999) (Pubitemid 29455815)
14. JC Christian, PL Yu, CW Slemenda, CC Johnston: Heritability of bone mass: A longitudinal study in ageing male twins. Am J Hum Genet 44, 429-433 (1989) (Pubitemid 19071239)
15. E Seeman, JL Hopper, LA Bach, ME Cooper, E Parkinson, J McKay, G Jerums: Reduced bone mass in daughters of women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 320, 554-558 (1989) (Pubitemid 19070539)
16. NA Pocock, JA Eisman, JL Hopper, MG Yeates, PN Sambrook, S Eberl: Genetic determinants of bone mass. A twin study. J Clin Invest 80, 706-710 (1987) (Pubitemid 18003941)
17. E Schönau, CM Neu, F Rauch, F Mainz: The development of bone strength at the proximal radius during childhood and adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86, 613-618 (2001) (Pubitemid 32207468)
18. GM Blake, I Fogelman: Bone densitometry and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Sem Nucl Med 31, 69-81 (2001) (Pubitemid 32060654)
19. DR Carter, ML Bouxsein, R Marcus: New approaches for interpreting projected bone densitometry data. J Bone Miner Res 7, 137-145 (1992)
20. TN Hangartner: Influence of fat on bone measurements with dual-energy absorptiometry. Bone Miner 9, 71-78 (1990)
21. S Mora, L Bachrach, V Gilsanz: Noninvasive techniques for bone mass measurement. In: Pediatric Bone. Biology and Disease. Eds: FH Glorieux, JM Pettifor, H Jüppner. San Diego: Academic Press 303-324 (2003)
22. CE Cann, HK Genant: Precise measurement of vertebral mineral content using computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 4, 493-500 (1980) (Pubitemid 10090082)
23. TN Hangartner, TR Overton: Quantitative measurement of bone density using gamma-ray computed tomography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 6, 1156-1162 (1982) (Pubitemid 13233231)
24. TN Hangartner, V Gilsanz: Evaluation of cortical bone by computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 11, 1518-1525 (1996) (Pubitemid 26331007)
25. CM Neu, F Manz, F Rauch, A Merkel, E Schoenau: Bone densities and bone size at the distal radius in healthy children and adolescents: a study using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone 28, 227-232 (2001) (Pubitemid 32140979)
26. rd: Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. Endocr Rev 23, 279-302 (2002) (Pubitemid 34651948)
27. HM Frost: Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 1. Redefining Wolff's law: The bone modeling problem. Anat Rec 226, 403-413 (1990) (Pubitemid 20134040)
28. HM Frost: Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 2. Redefining Wolff's law: The remodeling problem. Anat Rec 226, 414-422 (1990) (Pubitemid 20134041)
29. E Shönau, F Rauch: Biochemical markers of bone metabolism. In: Pediatric Bone. Biology and Disease. Eds: FH Glorieux, JM Pettifor, H Jüppner. San Diego: Academic Press 339-357 (2003)
30. S Mora, L Cafarelli, P Erba, M Puzzovio, I Zamproni, V Giacomet, A Vigano: Differential effect of age, gender and puberty on bone formation rate assessed by measurement of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in healthy children and adolescents J Bone Miner Metab 27, 721-726 (2009)
31. S Mora, C Prinster, MC Proverbio, A Bellini, SC De Poli, G Weber, G Abbiati, G Chiumello: Urinary markers of bone turnover in healthy children and adolescents: Agerelated changes and effect of puberty. Calcif Tissue Int 63, 369-374 (1998) (Pubitemid 28476324)
32. P Rojo Conejo, JT Ramos Amador, L Garcia Piñar, C Ruano Fajardo, JM Sanchez Granados, MI Gonzales Tomé, J Ruiz Contreras: Decreased bone mineral density in HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. An Pediatr (Barc) 60, 249-253 (2004) (Pubitemid 38596063)
33. S Stagi, G Bindi, F Galluzzi, L Galli, R Salti, M De Martino: Changed bone status in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) perinatally infected children is related to low serum free IGF-I. Clin Endocrinol 61, 692-699 (2004) (Pubitemid 40006788)
34. R Rosso, M Vignolo, A Parodi, A Di Biagio, MP Sormani, M Bassetti, G Aicardi, D Bassetti: Bone quality in perinatally HIV-infected children: role of age, sex, growth, HIV infection, and antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 21, 927-932 (2005) (Pubitemid 41785778)
35. P Pitukcheewanont, D Safani, J Church, V Gilsanz: Bone measures in HIV-1 infected children and adolescents: disparity between quantitative tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements. Osteoporos Int 16, 1393-1396 (2005) (Pubitemid 41532092)
36. S Mora, I Zamproni, S Beccio, R Bianchi, V Giacomet, A Viganò: Longitudinal changes of bone mineral density and metabolism in antiretroviral-treated human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89, 24-28 (2004) (Pubitemid 38183854)
37. DL Jacobson, D Spiegelman, C Duggan, GA Weinberg, L Bechard, L Furuta, J Nicchitta, SL Gorbach, TL Miller: Predictors of bone mineral density in human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 41, 339-346 (2005) (Pubitemid 41285829)
38. AB Castillo, AF Tarantal, MR Watnik, RB Martin: Tenofovir treatment at 30 mg/kg/day can inhibit cortical bone mineralization in growing rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). J Orthop Res 20, 1185-1189 (2002) (Pubitemid 35363975)
39. JE Gallant, S Staszewski, AL Pozniak, E DeJesus, JM Suleiman, MD Miller, DF Coakley, B Lu, JJ Toole, AK Cheng, 903 Study Group: Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF vs stavudine in combination therapy in antiretroviralnaive patients: a 3-year randomized trial. JAMA 292, 191-201 (2004) (Pubitemid 38917996)
40. V Giacomet, S Mora, L Martelli, M Merlo, M Sciannamblo, A Viganò: A 12-month treatment with tenofovir does not impair bone mineral accrual in HIV-infected children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40, 448-450 (2005) (Pubitemid 41669179)
41. RI Gafni, R Hazra, JC Reynolds, F Maldarelli, AN Tullio, E DeCarlo, CJ Worrell, JF Flaherty, K Yale, BP Kearney, SL Zeichner: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and an optimized background regimen of antiretroviral agents as salvage therapy: impact on bone mineral density in HIV-infected children. Pediatrics 118, e711-e718 (2006) (Pubitemid 46089998)
42. G Zamboni, F Antoniazzi, F Bertoldo, S Lauriola, L Antozzi, L Tatò: Altered bone metabolism in children infected with human immunodeficicency virus. Acta Paediatr 92, 12-16 (2003) (Pubitemid 36255924)
43. S Mora, I Zamproni, V Giacomet, L Cafarelli, C Figini, A Viganò: Analysis of bone mineral content in horizontally HIV-infected children naive to antiretroviral treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 76, 336-340 (2005) (Pubitemid 41557279)
44. WS Simonet, DL Lacey, CR Dunstan, M Kelley, MS Chang, R Luthy, HQ Nguyen, S Wooden, L Bennett, T Boone, G Shimamoto, M DeRose, R Elliott, A Colombero, HL Tan, G Trail, J Sullivan, E Davy, N Bucay, L Renshaw-Gegg, TM Hughes, D Hill, W Pattison, P Campbell, S Sander, G Van, J Tarpley, P Derby, R Lee, WJ Boyle: Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell 89, 309-319 (1997) (Pubitemid 27199902)
45. DL Lacey, E Timms, HL Tan, MJ Kelley, CR Dunstan, T Burgess, R Elliott, A Colombero, G Elliott, S Scully, H Hsu, J Sullivan, N Hawkins, E Davy, C Capparelli, A Eli, YX Qian, S Kaufman, I Sarosi, V Shalhoub, G Senaldi, J Guo, J Delaney, WJ Boyle: Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 3540-3545 (1999) (Pubitemid 29168945)
46. DL Lacey, E Timms, HL Tan, MJ Kelley, CR Dunstan, T Burgess, R Elliott, A Colombero, G Elliott, S Scully, H Hsu, J Sullivan, N Hawkins, E Davy, C Capparelli, A Eli, YX Qian, S Kaufman, I Sarosi, V Shalhoub, G Senaldi, J Guo, J Delaney, WJ Boyle: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93, 165-176 (1998) (Pubitemid 28180851)
47. SL Teitelbaum: Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science 289, 1504-1508 (2000)
48. A Rogers, R Eastell: Circulating osteoprotegerin and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand: clinical utility in metabolic bone disease assessment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90, 6323-6331 (2005) (Pubitemid 41606564)
49. JM Fakruddin, J Laurence: HIV envelope gp120-mediated regulation of oseoclastogenesis via receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) secretion and its modulation by certain HIV protease inhibitors through interferon-gamma/RANKL cross-talk. J Biol Chem 278, 48251-48258 (2003) (Pubitemid 37523280)
50. S Mora, I Zamproni, L Cafarelli, V Giacomet, P Erba, G Zuccotti, A Viganò: Alteration of circulating osteoimmune factors may be responsible for high bone resorption rate in HIV-infected children and adolescents. AIDS 21, 1129-1135 (2007) (Pubitemid 46763283)
51. AP Malizia, E Cotter, N Chew, WG Powderly, PP Doran. HIV protease inhibitors selectively induce gene expression alterations associated with reduced calcium deposition in primary human osteoblasts. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23, 243-250 (2007) (Pubitemid 46418337)
52. R Graham, G Russel: Bisphosphonates: mode of action and pharmacology. Pediatrics 119(suppl 2), S150-S162 (2007)
53. MP Whyte, D Wenkert, KL Clements, WH McAlister, S Mumm: Bisphosphonate-induced osteopetrosis. N Engl J Med 349, 457-463 (2004) (Pubitemid 36910024)
54. SE Papapoulos, SC Cremers: Prolonged bisphosphonate release after treatment in children. N Engl J Med 356, 1075-1076 (2007) (Pubitemid 46376827)