Volatile siloxanes in the European Arctic: Assessment of sources and spatial distribution

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 44, Issue 19, 2010, Pages 7705-7710

  Warner, Nicholas A ^a   Evenset, Anita ^b   Christensen, Guttorm ^b   Gabrielsen, Geir W ^c   Borgä, Katrine ^b   Leknes, Henriette ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR AIR RESEARCH   (Norway)

^b NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR WATER RESEARCH   (Norway)

^c NORWEGIAN POLAR INSTITUTE   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS; AVERAGE CONCENTRATION; BIOTA-SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION FACTORS; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; DETECTION LIMITS; HUMAN SETTLEMENTS; LOCAL SETTLEMENTS; OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE; POINT SOURCES; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SVALBARD;

MAMMALS; SEWAGE; SILICON COMPOUNDS; WASTEWATER;

SEDIMENTOLOGY;

CYCLIC VOLATILE METHYL SILOXANE; DECAMETHYLCYCLOPENTASILOXANE; DODECAMETHYLCYCLOHEXASILOXANE; OCTAMETHYLCYCLOTETRASILOXANE; SILOXANE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; BIOACCUMULATION; CHEMICAL POLLUTANT; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; GADOID; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; VOLATILE SUBSTANCE; ZOOPLANKTON;

AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; ARCTIC; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC COD; BIOTA; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EUROPE; NONHUMAN; SEDIMENT; WASTE WATER; ZOOPLANKTON;

ANIMALS; ARCTIC REGIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; EUROPE; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; LIMIT OF DETECTION; SILOXANES; VOLATILIZATION;

ARCTIC; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

ERIGNATHUS; ERIGNATHUS BARBATUS; GADUS MORHUA; MAMMALIA; MYOXOCEPHALUS;

EID: 77957343177     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es101617k     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Environment Canada. Screening assessment for the challenge Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) 2008. Available at http://www.ec.gc.ca/ substances/ese/eng/challenge/batch2/batch2-556-67-2-en.pdf.
2. Environment Canada. Screening assessment for the challenge Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) 2008. Available at http://www.ec.gc.ca/ substances/ese/eng/challenge/batch2/batch2-541-02-6-en.pdf.
3. Howard, P. H.; Muir, D. C. G. Identifying new persistent and bioaccumulative organics among chemicals in commerce Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 2277-2285
4. Will, R.; Lochner, U.; Masahiro, Y. CEH Marketing Research Report Siloxanes; SRI Consulting: Menlo Park, CA, 2007.
5. Horii, Y.; Kannan, K. Survey of organosilicone compounds, including cyclic and linear siloxanes, in personal-care and household products Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2008, 55 (4) 701-710
6. Tolls, J.; Berger, H.; Klenk, A.; Meyberg, M.; Muller, R.; Rettinger, K.; Steber, J. Environmental safety aspects of personal care products: a European perspective Environ. Toxicol. Chem./SETAC 2009, 28, 2485-2489
7. Flaningam, O. L. Vapor-pressures of poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers J. Chem. Eng. Data 1986, 31, 266-272
8. Kochetkov, A.; Smith, J. S.; Ravikrishna, R.; Valsaraj, K. T.; Thibodeaux, L. J. Air-water partition constants for volatile methyl siloxanes Environ. Toxicol. Chem./SETAC 2001, 20, 2184-2188
9. 3 at 297 ± 2 K Environ. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 863-866
10. Allen, R. B.; Kochs, P.; Chandra, G. Industrial organic materials, their environmental entry and predicted fate. In Organosilicon Materials, Handbook of Environmental Chemistry; Hutzinger, O., Ed.; Springer-Verlag, 1997; pp 1 - 25.
11. Parker, W. J.; Shi, J. C.; Fendinger, N. J.; Monteith, H. D.; Chandra, G. Pilot plant study to assess the fate of two volatile methyl siloxane compounds during municipal wastewater treatment Environ. Toxicol. Chem./SETAC 1999, 18, 172-181
12. David, M. D.; Fendinger, N. J.; Hand, V. C. Determination of Henrys law constants for organosilicones in acutal and simulated wastewater Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 4554-4559
13. Whelan, M. J.; Sanders, D.; van Egmond, R. Effect of Aldrich humic acid on water-atmosphere transfer of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemosphere 2009, 74 (8) 1111-1116
14. Nordic Council of Ministers. Siloxanes in the Nordic Environment; TemaNord 005:593; Copenhagen, 2005.
15. Sparham, C.; Van Egmond, R.; OConnor, S.; Hastie, C.; Whelan, M.; Kanda, R.; Franklin, O. Determination of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in river water and final effluent by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry J. Chromatogr., A 2008, 1212, 124-129
16. Schlabach, M.; Andersen, M. S.; Green, N.; Schøyen, M.; Kaj, L. Siloxanes in the Environment of the Inner Oslofjord; TA-2269/2007; Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, 2007.
17. Environment Canada. Screening assessment challenge for Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) 2008. Available at http://www.ec.gc.ca/ substances/ese/eng/challenge/batch2/batch2-540-97-6-en.pdf.
18. Fackler, P. H.; Dionne, E.; Hartley, D. A.; Hamelink, J. L. Bioconcentration by fish of a highly volatile silicone compound in a totally enclosed aquatic exposure system Environ. Toxicol. Chem./SETAC 1995, 14, 1649-1656
19. UNEP. Final Act of the Plenipotentiaries on the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; United Nations Environment Program: Geneva, Switzerland, 2001; p 44; http://www.pops.int/documents/meetings/dipcon/ 25june2001/conf4-finalact/en/FINALACT-English.PDF.
20. Wania, F. Assessing the potential of persistent organic chemicals for long-range transport and accumulation in Polar Regions Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1344-1351
21. Flassbeck, D.; Pfleiderer, B.; Grumping, R.; Hirner, A. V. Determination of low molecular weight silicones in plasma and blood of women after exposure to silicone breast implants by GC/MS Anal. Chem. 2001, 73 (3) 606-611
22. Engleman, E. E.; Jackson, L. L.; Norton, D. R. Determination of carbonate carbon in geological-materials by coulometric titration Chem. Geol. 1985, 53, 125-128
23. Evenset, A.; Leknes, H.; Christensen, G. N.; Warner, N.; Remberger, M.; Gabrielsen, G. W. Screening of New Contaminants in Samples from the Norwegian Arctic; TA-2510/2009; Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, 2009.
24. Meeks, R. G.; Stump, D. G.; Siddiqui, W. H.; Holson, J. F.; Plotzke, K. P.; Reynolds, V. L. An inhalation reproductive toxicity study of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in female rats using multiple and single day exposure regimens Reprod. Toxicol. 2007, 23, 192-201
25. Siddiqui, W. H.; Stump, D. G.; Plotzke, K. P.; Holson, J. F.; Meeks, R. G. A two-generation reproductive toxicity study of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) in rats exposed by whole-body vapor inhalation Reprod. Toxicol. 2007, 23, 202-215
26. Sousa, J. V.; McNamara, P. C.; Putt, A. E.; Machado, M. W.; Surprenant, D. C.; Hamelink, J. L.; Kent, D. J.; Silberhorn, E. M.; Hobson, J. F. Effects of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) on freshwater and marine organisms Environ. Toxicol. Chem./SETAC 1995, 14, 1639-1647
27. Russell, E. S. Fish migrations Bio. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 1937, 12, 320-337
28. Hjort, J. Fluctations in the Great Fisheries of Northern Europe Viewed in the Light of Biological Research; Rapports et Procès-Verbaux, 1914.
29. Svendsen, Y. S. Tracking juvenile cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Northern Norway using acoustic tags Fish. Res. 1995, 23, 311-318
30. Burkhard, L. P.; Cook, P. M.; Lukasewycz, M. T. Comparison of biota-sediment accumulation factors across ecosystems Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (15) 5716-5721
31. Weisbrod, A. V.; Woodburn, K. B.; Koelmans, A. A.; Parkerton, T. F.; McElroy, A. E.; Borgä, K. Evaluation of bioaccumulation using in vivo laboratory and field studies Integr. Environ. Assess. Manage. 2009, 5 (4) 598-623
32. Burkhard, L. P.; Cook, P. M.; Lukasewycz, M. T. Biota-sediment accumulation factors for polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans in southern Lake Michigan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38 (20) 5297-5305
33. Drinkwater, K. F. The response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to future climate change ICES J. Mar. Sci. 2005, 62 (7) 1327-1337
34. Rose, G. A. On distributional responses of North Atlantic fish to climate change ICES J. Mar. Sci. 2005, 62 (7) 1360-1374
35. Trout, G. C. The Bear Island cod migrations and movements Fish. Invest. Ser. II Mar. Fish. G. B. Minist. Agric. Fish. Food 1957, 21, 1-51
36. Weslawski, J. M.; Kwasniewski, S.; Wiktor, J. Winter in a Svalbard fjord ecosystem Arctic 1991, 44, 115-123
37. Sarangapan, R.; Teeguarden, J.; Andersen, M. E.; Reitz, R. H.; Plotzke, K. P. Route-specific differences in distribution characteristics of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in rats: Analysis using PBPK models Toxicol. Sci. 2003, 71, 41-52
38. Tobin, J. M.; McNett, D. A.; Durham, J. A.; Plotzke, K. P. Disposition of Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in Fischer 344 rats following single or repeated inhalation exposure to 14C-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (14C-D5) Inhalat. Toxicol. 2008, 20, 513-531