Azelastine hydrochloride, a dual-acting anti-inflammatory ophthalmic solution, for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Clinical Ophthalmology

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 993-1001

  Williams, Patricia B ^a,b   Crandall, Elizabeth ^b   Sheppard, John D ^a,b  

^a Thomas R Lee Center for Ocular Pharmacology   (United States)

^b EASTERN VIRGINIA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Allergic conjunctivitis; Dual acting anti inflammatory; H1 receptor antagonism; Inflammatory mediator inhibition; Mast cell stabilization

Indexed keywords

ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; AZELASTINE; DRUG METABOLITE; EPINASTINE; KETOTIFEN; LEVOCABASTINE; NORAZELASTINE; OLOPATADINE; PLACEBO; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; APPLICATION SITE PRURITUS; ARTICLE; BURNING SENSATION; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONJUNCTIVITIS; DIET THERAPY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG BINDING; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG DOSAGE FORM; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG PREFERENCE; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EVENING DOSAGE; HUMAN; MORNING DOSAGE; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS; SEASONAL ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS; TASTE DISORDER; TIME TO MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION;

EID: 77957286332     PISSN: 11775467     EISSN: 11775483     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S13479     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Epstein AB, van Hoven PT, Kaufman A, Carr WW. Management of allergic conjunctivitis: An evaluation of the perceived comfort and therapeutic efficacy of olopatadine 0.2% and azelastine 0.05% from two prospective studies. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009;3:329-336.
2. Bielory L, Bielory B. Ocular allergy: An allergist's perspective. Available at: http://bmctoday.net/advancedocularcare/2010/03/article.asp?f=ocular-allergy-an-allergists-perspective. Accessed Aug 16, 2010.
3. Pflugfelder SC. Prevalence, burden, and pharmacoeconomics of dry eye disease. Am J Manag Care. 2008;14 Suppl 3:S102-S106.
4. Bielory L, Lien KW, Bigelsen S. Efficacy and tolerability of newer antihistamines in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Drugs. 2005; 65:215-218.
5. Bielory L, Buddiga P, Bigelsen S. Ocular allergy treatment comparisons: Azelastine and olopatadine. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2004;4:320-325.
6. Baudouin C. Detrimental effect of preservative in eye drops: Implications for the treatment of glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2008;86:716-726.
7. Lee JS, Lee JE, Kim N, Oum BS. Comparison of the conjunctival toxicity of topical ocular antiallergic agents. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2008;24:557-562.
8. Lambiase A, Micera A, Bonini S. Multiple action agents and the eye: Do they really stabilize mast cells? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9:454-465.
9. 1, beta, and muscarinic receptor-binding sites. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989;83:771-776.
10. Hazama H, Nakajima T, Hisada T, Hamada E, Omata M, Kurachi Y. Effects of azelastine on membrane currents in tracheal smooth muscle cells isolated from the guinea-pig. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994;259: 143-150.
11. Perhach JL, Connell JT, Kemp JP. Treatment of upper and lower airway disease with azelastine. N Engl Reg Allergy Proc. 1987;8:121-124.
12. Szelenyi I, Achterrath-Tuckermann U, Schmidt J, Minker E, Paegelow I, Werner H. Azelastine: A multifaceted drug for asthma therapy. Agents Actions Suppl. 1991;34:295-311.
13. Galatowicz G, Ajayi Y, Stern ME, Calder VL. Ocular antiallergic compounds selectively inhibit human mast cell cytokines in vitro and conjunctival cell infiltration in vivo. Clin Exp Allergy. 2007;37:1648-1656.
14. Ciprandi G, Pronzato C, Passalacqua G, et al. Topical azelastine reduces eosinophil activation and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on nasal epithelial cells: An antiallergic activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;98(6 Pt 1):1088-1096.
15. 1 receptor antagonist. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999;36:329-352.
16. Riethmuller-Winzer H, Petr G, Buker KM, Romeis P, Borbe HO. Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and dose linearity of azelastine hydrochloride in healthy subjects. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994;44:1136-1140.
17. Peter G, Romeis P, Borbe HO, Buker KM, Riethmuller-Winzen H. Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of azelastine hydrochloride in elderly volunteers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45:576-581.
18. Friedlaender M, Harris J, LaVallee N, Russell H, Shilstone J. Evaluation of the onset and duration of effect of azelastine eye drops (0.05%) versus placebo in patients with allergic conjunctivitis using an allergen challenge model. Ophthalmology. 2000;107:2152-2157.
19. Nakajima M, Nakamura S, Tokudome S, Shimada N, Yamazaki H, Yokoi T. Azelastine N-demethylation by cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes: Evaluation of approach to predict the contribution of multiple CYPS. Drug Metab Dispos. 1999;27:1381-1391.
20. Bernstein J. Azelastine hydrochloride: A review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23:2441-2452.
21. Zechel HJ, Brock N, Lenke D, Achterrath-Tuckerman U. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of azelastine, a novel anti-allergic agent. Arzneimittelforschung.1981;31:1184-1193.
22. Sabbah A, Marzetto M. Azelastine eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhinoconjunctivitis in young children. Curr Med Res Opin. 1998;14:161-170.
23. Herman D, Garay R, Le Gal M. A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study of azelastine nasal spray in children with perennial rhinitis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1997;39:1-8.
24. DuBuske LM. Second-generation antihistamines: The risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Clin Ther. 1999;21:281-295.
25. Ciprandi G, Buscaglia S, Catrullo A, et al. Azelastine eye drops reduce and prevent allergic conjunctival reaction and exert anti-allergic activity. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997;27:182-191.
26. Giede-Tuch C, Westhoff M, Zarth A. Azelastine eye-drops in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis or rhinoconjunctivitis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Allergy. 1998;53:857-862.
27. Nazarov O, Petzold U, Haase H, Nguyen DT, Ellers-Lenz B, Hermann R. Azelastine eye drops in the treatment of perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Arzneimittelforschung. 2003;53:167-173.
28. Canonica GW, Ciprandi G, Petzold U, Kolb C, Ellers-Lenz B, Hermann R. Topical azelastine in perennial allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2003;19:321-329.
29. Spangler DL, Bensch G, Berdy GJ. Evaluation of the efficacy of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% ophthalmic solution and azelastine hydrochloride 0.05% ophthalmic solution in the conjunctival allergen challenge model. Clin Ther. 2001;23:1272-1280.
30. Torkildsen GL, Ousler GW 3rd, Gomes P. Ocular comfort and drying effects of three topical antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers in adults with allergic conjunctivitis: A randomized, double-masked crossover study. Clin Ther. 2008;30:1264-1271.