Dementia: Continuum or distinct entity?

Psychology and Aging

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 534-544

  Walters, Glenn D ^a  

^a FEDERAL CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Dementia; Latent structure; Neuropsychological; Taxometrics

Indexed keywords

AGED; AMNESIA; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CONCENTRATION LOSS; DATA ANALYSIS; DEMENTIA; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; LANGUAGE DISABILITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ATTENTION; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; DEMENTIA; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MALE; MEMORY DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77957270695     PISSN: 08827974     EISSN: 19391498     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0018167     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Alzheimer's disease: Facts and figures 2009, Alzheimer's Association, Author, Chicago, IL.
2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Text revision 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Author, Washington, DC. 4th ed.
3. Armitage S.G. An analysis of certain psychological tests used for the evaluation of brain injury. Psychological Monographs 1945, 60(1, Whole No. 177):1-48.
4. Broman-Fulks J.J., Green B.A., Berman M., Olatunji B.O., Arnau R.C., Deacon B.J., Sawchuk C.N. The latent structure of anxiety sensitivity-Revisited. Assessment 2008, 15:188-203.
5. Broman-Fulks J.J., Ruggiero K.J., Green B.A., Kilpatrick D.G., Danielson C.K., Resnick H.S., Saunders B.E. Taxometric investigation of PTSD: Data from two nationally representative samples. Behavior Therapy 2006, 37:364-380.
6. Buckner R.L. Memory and executive functioning in aging and AD: Multiple factors that cause and reserve factors that compensate. Neuron 2004, 44:195-208.
7. Campion D., Brice A., Hannequin D., Tardieu S., Dubois B., Calenda A., Clerget-Darpoux F. A large pedigree with early-onset Alzheimer's disease: Clinical, neuropathologic, and genetic characterization. Neurology 1995, 45:80-85.
8. Caselli R.J., Beach T.G., Yaari R., Reiman E.M. Alzheimer's disease a century later. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2006, 67:1784-1800.
9. Collette F., Schmidt C., Scherrer C., Adam S., Salmon E. Specificity of inhibitory deficits in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 2009, 30:875-889.
10. Edens J.F., Marcus D.K., Ruiz M.A. Taxometric analyses of borderline personality features in a large-scale male and female offender sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2008, 117:705-711.
11. Fitzpatrick A.L., Kuller L.H., Ives D.G., Lopez O.L., Jagust W., Breitner J.C.S., Dulberg C. Incidence and prevalence of dementia in the cardiovascular health study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004, 52:195-204.
12. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. " Mini-Mental State": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975, 12:189-198.
13. Fortanasce V. The anti-Alzheimer's prescription: The science-proven plan to start at any age 2008, Gotham, New York, NY.
14. Foster J.D., Campbell W.K. Are there such things as " narcissists" in social psychology? A taxometric analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences 2007, 43:1321-1332.
15. Frazier T.W., Youngstrom E.A., Naugle R.I. The latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a clinic-referred sample. Neuropsychology 2007, 21:45-64.
16. Gale C.R. Dietary antioxidants and dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 2001, 13:259-262.
17. Gaugler J.E., Mendiondo M., Smith C.D., Schmitt F.A. Secondary dementia caregiving and its consequences. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementia 2003, 18:300-308.
18. Goedeker K.C., Tiffany S.T. On the nature of nicotine addiction: A taxometric analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2008, 117:896-909.
19. Golden R.R. A taxometric model for the detection of a conjectured latent taxon. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1982, 17:389-416.
20. Goodglass H., Kaplan E. Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination booklet, III: Oral expression 1983, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA.
21. Hanon O., Forette F. Treatment of hypertension and prevention of dementia. Alzheimer's and Dementia 2005, 1:30-37.
22. Haslam N. The latent structure of mental disorders: A taxometric update on the categorical vs. dimensional debate. Current Psychiatry Reviews 2007, 3:172-177.
23. Hendrie H.C., Osuntokun B.O., Hall K.S., Ogunniyi A.O., Hui S.L., Unverzagt F.W., Musick B.S. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in two communities: Nigerian Africans and African Americans. American Journal of Psychiatry 1995, 152:1485-1492.
24. Holmes C. Genotype and phenotype in Alzheimer's disease. British Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 180:131-134.
25. Holsinger T., Steffens D.C., Phillips C., Helms M.J., Havlik R.J., Breitner J.C.S., Plassman B.L. Head injury in early adulthood and the lifetime risk of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 2002, 59:17-22.
26. Imhof A., Kövari E., von Gunten A., Gold G., Rivara C.-B., Herrmann F.R., Giannakopulos P. Morphological substrates of cognitive decline in nonagenarians and centenarians: A new paradigm?. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2007, 257:72-79.
27. Ingram D.G., Takahashi T.N., Miles J.H. Defining autism subgroups: A taxometric solution. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2008, 38:950-960.
28. Jacobs D., Sano M., Marder K., Bell K., Bylsma F., Lafleche G., Stern Y. Age of onset of Alzheimer's disease: Relation to pattern of cognitive dysfunction and rate of decline. Neurology 1994, 44:1215-1220.
29. Johnson C.C., Rybicki B.A., Brown G., D'Hondt E., Herpolsheimer B., Roth D., Jackson C.E. Cognitive impairment in the Amish: A four county survey. International Journal of Epidemiology 1997, 26:387-394.
30. Johnson D.K., Storandt M., Balota D.A. Discourse analysis of Logical Memory recall in normal aging and in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Neuropsychology 2003, 17:89-92.
31. Kaplan E., Goodglass H., Weintraub S. Boston Naming Test scoring booklet 1983, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA.
32. Kraemer H.C., Noda A., O'Hara R. Categorical versus dimensional approaches to diagnosis: Methodological challenges. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2004, 38:17-25.
33. Lautenschlager N.T., Almeido O.P. Physical activity and cognition in old age. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2006, 19:190-193.
34. Marcus D.K., Lilienfeld S.O., Edens J.F., Poythress N.G. Is antisocial personality disorder continuous or categorical? A taxometric analysis. Psychological Medicine 2006, 36:1571-1581.
35. Mattis S. Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. Geriatric psychiatry: A handbook for psychiatrists and primary care physicians 1976, 77-171. Grune & Stratton, New York, NY. L. Bellak, T.B. Karasu (Eds.).
36. Meehl P.E. Specific etiology and other forms of strong influence: Some quantitative meanings. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 1977, 2:33-53.
37. Meehl P.E. Factors and taxa, traits and types, differences of degree, and differences of kind. Journal of Personality 1992, 60:117-174.
38. Meehl P.E. Bootstraps taxometrics: Solving the classification problem in psychopathology. American Psychologist 1995, 50:266-275.
39. Meehl P.E. What's in a taxon?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2004, 113:39-43.
40. Meehl P.E., Yonce L.J. Taxometric analysis: I. Detecting taxonicity with two quantitative indicators using means above and below a sliding cut (MAMBAC procedure). Psychological Reports 1994, 74:1059-1274.
41. Meehl P.E., Yonce L.J. Taxometric analysis: II. Detecting taxonicity using covariance of two quantitative indicators in successive intervals of a third indicator (MAXCOV procedure). Psychological Reports 1996, 78:1091-1227.
42. Morris J.C., Weintraub S., Chui H.C., Cummings J., DeCarli C., Ferris S., Kukull W.A. The Uniform Data Set (UDS): Clinical and cognitive variables and descriptive data for Alzheimer Disease Center. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders 2006, 20:210-216.
43. Morris R.G. The neuropsychology of dementia: Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Handbook of the clinical psychology of aging 2008, 161-184. Wiley, New York, NY. 2nd ed. R. Woods, L. Clare (Eds.).
44. Olatunji B.O., Williams B.J., Haslam N., Abramowitz J.S., Tolin D.F. The latent structure of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A taxometric study. Depression and Anxiety 2008, 25:956-968.
45. Rawlings D., Williams B., Haslam N., Claridge G. Taxometric analysis supports a dimensional latent structure for schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences 2008, 44:1640-1651.
46. Regier D.A. Somatic presentations of mental disorders: Refining the research agenda for DSM-V. Psychosomatic Medicine 2007, 69:827-828.
47. Roberts, S., Uhlmann, W., Peterson, R., Karlawish, J., & Green, R. C. (2009, July). Clinical practices regarding mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among neurology service providers. Paper presented at the International Conference on Alzheimer's Disease, Vienna, Austria.
48. Rosen W.G., Mohs R.C., Davis K.L. A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984, 141:1356-1364.
49. Ruscio J. Taxometric analysis: An empirically grounded approach to implementing the method. Criminal Justice and Behavior 2007, 34:1588-1622.
50. Ruscio J. Taxometric programs for the R computing environment: User's manual 2009, Available from http://www.taxometricmethod.com/TaxProgManual%202009-08-03.pdf.
51. Ruscio J., Haslam N., Ruscio A.M. Introduction to the taxometric method: A practical guide 2006, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
52. Ruscio J., Marcus D.K. Detecting small taxa using simulated comparison data: A reanalysis of Beach, Amir, and Bau's (2005) data. Psychological Assessment 2007, 19:241-246.
53. Ruscio J., Ruscio A.M., Meron M. Applying the bootstrap to taxometric analysis: Generating empirical sampling distributions to help interpret results. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2007, 42:349-386.
54. Ruscio, J., & Walters, G. D. (in press). Using comparison data to differentiate categorical and dimensional data by examining factor score distributions: Resolving the mode problem. Psychological Assessment.
55. Ruscio, J., Walters, G. D., Marcus, D. K., & Kaczetow, W. (in press). Comparing the relative fit of categorical and dimensional latent variable models using consistency tests. Psychological Assessment.
56. Ruscio J., Zimmerman M., McGlinchey J.B., Young D., Chelminski I. Diagnosing major depressive disorder XI: A taxometric investigation of the structure underlying DSM-IV symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2007, 195:10-19.
57. Salmon D.P., Bondi M.W. Neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Annual Review of Psychology 2009, 60:257-282.
58. Swets J.A., Dawes R.M., Monahan J. Psychological science can improve diagnostic decisions. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2000, 1:1-26.
59. Waller N.G., Meehl P.E. Multivariate taxometric procedures: Distinguishing types from continua 1998, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
60. Walters G.D. The latent structure of alcohol use disorders: A taxometric analysis of structured interview data obtained from male federal prison inmates. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2008, 43:326-333.
61. Walters G.D., Diamond P.M., Magaletta P.R., Geyer M.D., Duncan S.A. Taxometric analysis of the Antisocial Features scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory in federal prison inmates. Assessment 2007, 14:351-360.
62. Walters, G. D., McGrath, R. E., & Knight, R. A. (in press). Taxometrics, polytomous constructs, and the comparison curve fit index: A Monte Carlo analysis. Psychological Assessment.
63. Walters G.D., Ruscio J. To sum or not to sum: Taxometric analysis with ordered categorical assessment items. Psychological Assessment 2009, 21:99-111.
64. Walters, G. D., & Ruscio, J. (in press). Where do we draw the line? Assigning cases to subsamples for MAMBAC, MAXCOV, and MAXEIG taxometric analyses. Assessment.
65. Wechsler D. Manual: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised 1981, Psychological Corporation, New York, NY.
66. Wechsler D. Manual: Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised 1987, Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX.