Context and disease when disease risk is low: The case of type 1 diabetes in Sweden

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

Volumn 64, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 789-795

  Lynch, K F ^a   Subramanian, S V ^b   Ohlsson, H ^a   Chaix, B ^a,c   Lernmark, A ^a,d   Merlo, J ^a  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c INSERM   (France)

^d UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHILD HEALTH; DIABETES; DISEASE PREVALENCE; HEALTH RISK; HOSPITAL SECTOR; LOGISTICS; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; PUBLIC HEALTH; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; BIRTH RATE; CHILD; COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; NEWBORN; PREGNANCY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; REGISTER; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL MODEL; SWEDEN;

ADOLESCENT; BIRTH RATE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LOGISTIC MODELS; MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; PREGNANCY; REGISTRIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SWEDEN;

SWEDEN;

EID: 77957252997     PISSN: 0143005X     EISSN: 14702738     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/jech.2008.083667     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Soltesz G, Patterson CC, Dahlquist G. Worldwide childhood type 1 diabetes incidenceewhat can we learn from epidemiology? Pediatr Diabetes 2007;8(Suppl 6):6-14.
2. Ronningen KS, Keiding N, Green A. Correlations between the incidence of childhood-onset type I diabetes in Europe and HLA genotypes. Diabetologia 2001;44 (Suppl 3):B51-B9. (Pubitemid 33015912)
3. Green A, Patterson CC. Trends in the incidence of childhood-onset diabetes in Europe 1989-1998. Diabetologia 2001;44(Suppl 3):B3-8.
4. Dahlquist G, Blom L, Holmgren G, et al. The epidemiology of diabetes in Swedish children 0-14 years: a six-year prospective study. Diabetologia 1985;28:802-8.
5. Dahlquist GG, Kallen BA. Time-space clustering of date at birth in childhood-onset diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996;19:328-32.
6. Joner G, Sovik O. Increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children 0-14 years of age 1973-1982. Diabetologia 1989;32:79-83.
7. Joner G, Stene LC, Sovik O. Nationwide prospective registration of type 1 diabetes in children aged <15 years in Norway 1989-1998: No increase but significant regional variation in incidence. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1618-22.
8. Levy-Marchal C, Papoz L, de Beaufort C, et al. Incidence of juvenile type 1 (insulindependent) diabetes mellitus in France. Diabetologia 1990;33:465-9.
9. McKinney PA, Law GR, Bodansky HJ, et al. Geographical mapping of childhood diabetes in the northern English county of Yorkshire. Diabet Med 1996;13:734-40.
10. Neu A, Kehrer M, Hub R, et al. Incidence of IDDM in German children aged 0-14 years. A 6-year population-based study (1987-1993). Diabetes Care 1997;20:530-3.
11. Patterson CC, Carson DJ, Hadden DR. Epidemiology of childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland 1989-1994: low incidence in areas with highest population density and most household crowding. Northern Ireland Diabetes Study Group. Diabetologia 1996;39:1063-9.
12. Patterson CC, Smith PG, Webb J, et al. Geographical variation in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Scottish children during the period 1977-1983. Diabet Med 1988;5:160-5.
13. Samuelsson U, Lofman O. Geographical mapping of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in south east Sweden. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:388-92.
14. Staines A, Bodansky HJ, Lilley HE, et al. The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: the Yorkshire Regional Childhood Diabetes Register. Diabetologia 1993;36:1282-7.
15. Vaandrager GJ, Bruining GJ, Veenhof FJ, et al. Incidence of childhood diabetes in The Netherlands: a decrease from north to south over north-western Europe? Diabetologia 1984;27:203-6.
16. Gopinath S, Ortqvist E, Norgren S, et al. Variations in incidence of type 1 diabetes in different municipalities of Stockholm. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1150:200-7.
17. Cardwell CR, Carson DJ, Patterson CC. Secular trends, disease maps and ecological analyses of the incidence of childhood onset type 1 diabetes in Northern Ireland, 1989-2003. Diabet Med 2007;24:289-95.
18. Casu A, Pascutto C, Bernardinelli L, et al. Bayesian approach to study the temporal trend and the geographical variation in the risk of type 1 diabetes. The Sardinian conscript type 1 diabetes registry. Pediatr Diabetes 2004;5:32-8.
19. Karvonen M, Rusanen J, Sundberg M, et al. Regional differences in the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children in Finland from 1987 to 1991. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group. Ann Med 1997;29:297-304.
20. Songini M, Bernardinelli L, Clayton D, et al. The Sardinian IDDM study: 1. Epidemiology and geographical distribution of IDDM in Sardinia during 1989 to 1994. Diabetologia 1998;41:221-7.
21. Waldhor T, Schober E, Karimian-Teherani D, et al. Regional differences and temporal incidence trend of type I diabetes mellitus in Austria from 1989 to 1999: a nationwide study. Diabetologia 2000;43:1449-50.
22. Merlo J. Multilevel analytical approaches in social epidemiology: measures of health variation compared with traditional measures of association. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:550-2.
23. Merlo J, Asplund K, Lynch J, et al. Population effects on individual systolic blood pressure: a multilevel analysis of the World Health Organization MONICA Project. AmJ Epidemiol 2004;159:1168-79.
24. Merlo J, Ostergren PO, Hagberg O, et al. Diastolic blood pressure and area of residence: multilevel versus ecological analysis of social inequity. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001;55:791-8.
25. Snijders T, Bokser R. Multilevel analysis: an introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, 1999.
26. Subramanian SV, Glymour M, Kawachi I. Identifying causal ecologic effects on health: potentials and challenges. In: Galea S. ed. Macrosocial determinants of population health. New York: Springer Media 2007;301-31
27. Merlo J, Chaix B, Yang M, et al. A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: linking the statistical concept of clustering to the idea of contextual phenomenon. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:443-9.
28. Merlo J, Chaix B, Yang M, et al. A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiologydinterpreting neighbourhood differences and the effect of neighbourhood characteristics on individual health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:1022-8.
29. Cnattingius S, Ericson A, Gunnarskog J, et al. A quality study of a medical birth registry. Scand J Social Med 1990;18:143-8.
30. Zachrisson I, Tibell C, Bang P, et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes among known patients with diabetes aged 0-18 years in Sweden. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2003;16:0-12.
31. Dahlquist GG, Patterson C, Soltesz G. Perinatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe. The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1698-702.
32. Agresti A. An introduction to categorical data analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
33. Larsen K, Merlo J. Appropriate assessment of neighborhood effects on individual health: integrating random and fixed effects in multilevel logistic regression. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:81-8.
34. Merlo J, Chaix B, Ohlsson H, et al. A brief conceptual tutorial of multilevel analysis in social epidemiology: using measures of clustering in multilevel logistic regression to investigate contextual phenomena. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60:290-7.
35. Browne W. MCMC estimation in MLwiN (Version 2.0). London: Institute of Education, University of London, 2003.
36. EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet 2000;355:873-6.
37. Merlo J, Ohlsson H, Lynch KF, et al. Individual and collective bodies: using measures of variance and association in contextual epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009;63:1043-48.
38. Kulldorff M. A spatial scan statistic. Commun Stat Theory Methods 1997;26:1481-96.
39. Bernardinelli L, Montomoli C. Empirical Bayes versus fully Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in disease risk. Stat Med 1992;11:983-1007.
40. Rytkonen M, Ranta J, Tuomilehto J, et al. Bayesian analysis of geographical variation in the incidence of type I diabetes in Finland. Diabetologia 2001;44(Suppl 3):B37-44. (Pubitemid 33015909)
41. Holmqvist BM, Lofman O, Samuelsson U. A low incidence of type 1 diabetes between 1977 and 2001 in south-eastern Sweden in areas with high population density and which are more deprived. Diabet Med 2008;25:255-60.
42. Chaix B, Rosvall M, Merlo J. Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and residential instability: effects on incidence of ischemic heart disease and survival after myocardial infarction. Epidemiology 2007;18:104-11. (Pubitemid 46005915)
43. Chaix B, Merlo J, Chauvin P. Comparison of a spatial approach with the multilevel approach for investigating place effects on health: the example of healthcare utilisation in France. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:517-26.
44. Chaix B, Merlo J, Subramanian SV, et al. Comparison of a spatial perspective with the multilevel analytical approach in neighborhood studies: the case of mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use in Malmo, Sweden, 2001.Am J Epidemiol 2005;162:171-82.
45. Riva M, Gauvin L, Barnett TA. Toward the next generation of research into small area effects on health: a synthesis of multilevel investigations published since July 1998. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007;61:853-61.
46. Boyle MH, Willms JD. Place effects for areas defined by administrative boundaries. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149:577-85.
47. Duncan C, Jones K, Moon G. Do places matter? A multi-level analysis of regional variations in health-related behaviour in Britain. Soc Sci Med 1993;37:725-33.
48. Petronis KR, Anthony JC. A different kind of contextual effect: geographical clustering of cocaine incidence in the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:893-900.
49. Clarke P, Wheaton B. Addressing data spareseness in contextual populations research: using cluster analysis to create synthetic neighbourhoods. Sociol Methods Res 2007;35:311-51.
50. Diez Roux AV. Next steps in understanding the multilevel determinants of health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62:957-9.
51. Pundziute-Lycka A, Urbonaite B, Ostrauskas R, et al. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Lithuanians aged 0-39 years varies by the urban-rural setting, and the time change differs for men and women during 1991-2000. Diabetes Care 2003;26:671-6.
52. Tzaneva V, Iotova V, Yotov Y. Significant urban/rural differences in the incidence of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus among Bulgarian children (1982-1998).Pediatr Diabetes 2001;2:103-8.
53. Fielding A. Why use arbitrary points scores? Ordered categories in models of educational progress. J R Stat Soc Ser A 1999;162:303-28.