When women run the newsroom: Management change, gender, and the news

Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly

Volumn 87, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 393-411

  Beam, Randal A ^a   Di Cicco, Damon T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; MEDIA ROLE; WOMENS ORGANIZATION;

EID: 77957152764     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769901008700211     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. American Society of Newspaper Editors, 2009, "Table L - Numbers and percentages of men and women by job category," http://asne.org/key- initiatives/diversity/newsroom-census/table-l.aspx
2. Maijan de Bruin, "Gender, Organizational and Professional Identities in Journalism," Journalism 1 (August 2000): 217-38;
3. Monika Djerf-Pierre, "The Gender of Journalism: The Structure and Logic of the Field in the Twentieth Century," Nordicom Review 28 (December 2007): 81-104;
4. Tracy Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper: An Ethnographic Study of the Sarasota Herald-Tribune," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 83 (autumn 2006): 477-93;
5. Linda Steiner, "Gender in the Newsroom," in The Handbook of Journalism Studies, ed. Karin Wahl-Jorgensen and Thomas Hanitzsch (New York: Routledge, 2009), 116-129
6. Sheila Gibbons, "Newspapers Execs Clueless About What Women Want," Women's E-News, September 17, 2003, http://www.womens enews.org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1524 ;
7. Kay Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?" in Women, Media, and Politics, ed. Pippa Norris (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 41-55.
8. Dustin Harp, "News, Feminist Theories, and the Gender Divide," in Women, Men, and News: Divided and Disconnected in the News Media Landscape, ed. Paula Poindexter, Sharon Meraz, and Amy Schmitz Weiss (New York: Routledge, 2008), 267-79;
9. Laurence Pantin, "When Women Run Newsrooms, Women Are in the News," Womensenews.org , April 6, 2001, http://www.womensenews.org/story/ media-stories/010406/when-women-run-newsrooms-women-are-the-news;
10. Ron F. Smith, Groping for Ethics in Journalism, 5th ed. (Ames, IA: Iowa State Press, 2003), 287.
11. De Bruin, "Gender, Organizational and Professional Identities in Journalism";
12. Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper."
13. Deborah Chambers, Linda Steiner, and Carole Fleming, Women and Journalism (London and New York: Routledge, 2004);
14. Stephanie Craft and Wayne Wanta, "Women in the Newsroom: Influence of Female Editors and Reporters on the News Agenda," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 81 (spring 2004): 124-38;
15. Juana Gallego, Elvira Altes, Marfa Jose Canton, Maria Eugenia Melüs, and Juame Soriano, "Gender Stereotyping in the Production of News," in Gender and Newsroom Cultures: Identities at Work, ed. Marjan de Bruin and Karen Ross (Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2004), 43-62.
16. For example, Cory L. Armstrong, "The Influence of Reporter Gender on Source Selection in Newspaper Stories," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 81 (spring 2004): 139-54;
17. Shelly Rodgers and Esther Thorson, "A Socialization Perspective on Male and Female Reporting," Journal of Communication 53 (December 2003): 658-75;
18. Lynn M. Zoch and Judy VanSlyke Turk, "Women Making News: Gender as a Variable in Source Selection and Use," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 75 (winter 1998): 762-775
19. Craft and Wanta, "Women in the Newsroom";
20. Tracy Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper," Media Report to Women 33 (fall 2005): 14-22.
21. Josephine Donovan, Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions, 3d ed. (New York: Continuum, 2000);
22. Ellen A. Fagenson, "Women in Management: Introduction and the Importance of Women in Management," in Women in Management: Trends, Issues, and Challenges in Managerial Diversity, ed. Ellen A. Fagenson (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993), 3-15.
23. Donovan, Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions, 47.
24. Donovan, Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions, 48.
25. Carolyn M. Byerly and Karen Ross, Women and Media: A Critical Introduction (Maiden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2006);
26. Karen Ross, "Sex at Work: Gender Politics and Newsroom Culture," in Gender and Newsroom Cultures: Identities at Work, ed. Marjan de Bruin and Karen Ross (Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2004), 145-162
27. Lisbet van Zoonen, "One of the Girls? The Changing Gender of Journalism," in News, Gender, and Power, ed. Cynthia Carter, Gill Branston, and Stuart Allan (London and New York: Routledge, 1998), 33-46.
28. Van Zoonen, "One of the Girls?" 36.
29. Gallego et al., "Gender Stereotyping in the Production of News."
30. Gallego et al., "Gender Stereotyping in the Production of News," 59.
31. Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper."
32. Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper."
33. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism;
34. Anthony Delano, "Women Journalists: What's the Difference?" Journalism Studies 4 (May 2003): 273-86;
35. David H. Weaver, Randal A. Beam, Bonnie J. Brownlee, Paul S. Voakes, and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, The American Journalist in the 21st Century: U.S. News People at the Dawn of a New Millennium (Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates, 2007), 182-196
36. Van Zoonen, "One of the Girls?"
37. Armstrong, "The Influence of Reporter Gender on Source Selection in Newspaper Stories";
38. Carol M. Liebler and Susan J. Smith, "Tracking Gender Differences: A Comparative Analysis of Network Correspondents and Their Sources," Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 41 (winter 1997): 58-68;
39. Rodgers and Thorson, "A Socialization Perspective on Male and Female Reporting";
40. Zoch and VanSlyke Turk, "Women Making News."
41. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism.
42. See discussions in Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism;
43. Craft and Wanta, "Women in the Newsroom";
44. Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper";
45. Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper";
46. Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?";
47. Hannah Pandian, "Engendering Communication Policy: Key Issues in the International Women and Media Arena and Obstacles to Forging and Enforcing Media Policy," Media Culture and Society 21 (July 1999): 459-80;
48. Michael Schudson, The Sociology of News (New York: WW. Norton, 2003), 111;
49. Linda Steiner, "The Feminist Cable Collective as Public Sphere Activity," Journalism 6 (August 2005): 313-34;
50. and van Zoonen, "One of the Girls?"
51. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism.
52. Maria E. Len-Rios, Shelly Rodgers, Esther Thorson, and Doyle Yoon, "Representation of Women in News and Photos: Comparing Content to Perceptions," Journal of Communication 55 (March 2005): 152-168
53. John Sutcliffe, Martha Lee, and Walter Soderlund, "Women and Crisis Reporting," Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 10 (summer 2005): 99-124.
54. Linda Christmas, Chaps of Both Sexes? (London: Women in Journalism, 1997).
55. Van Zoonen, "One of the Girls?"
56. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism.
57. Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper."
58. Craft and Wanta, "Women in the Newsroom."
59. Robert Isaac and Douglas C. Pitt, "Organizational Culture: It's Alive! It's Alive! But There's No Fixed Address," in Handbook of Organizational Behavior, ed. Robert T. Golembiewski (New York: Marcel Dekker, 2001), 113-44;
60. Edgar H. Schein, Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3d ed. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004).
61. Cary L. Cooper and Suzan Lewis, "Gender and the Changing Nature of Work," in Handbook of Gender & Work, ed. Gary N. Powell (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1999), 37-46;
62. Fagenson, "Women in Management";
63. Urna D. Jogulu and Glenice J. Wood, "The Role of Leadership Theory in Raising the Profile of Women in Management," Equal Opportunities International 25 (4, 2006): 236-50;
64. Patricia Y. Martin, "Feminist Practice in Organizations: Implications for Management," in Women in Management: Trends, Issues, and Challenges in Managerial Diversity, ed. Ellen A. Fagenson (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1993), 274-296
65. Schein, Organizational Culture and Leadership.
66. Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper."
67. See discussions in Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism;
68. Craft and Wanta, "Women in the Newsroom";
69. Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper";
70. Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper";
71. Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?";
72. Pandian, "Engendering Communication Policy";
73. Schudson, The Sociology of News;
74. and van Zoonen, "One of the Girls?" Everbach and van Zoonen list crime, politics, and finance/ business among topics considered "masculine." Craft and Wanta found that newspapers with a high percentage of men in newsroom managerial positions offered more coverage of crime and economics than papers with a high percentage of women in managerial positions
75. See Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism;
76. Christmas, Chaps of Both Sexes?;
77. Sutcliffe, Lee, and Soderlund, "Women and Crisis Reporting";
78. and van Zoonen, "One of the Girls?"
79. See Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper" Len-Rios et al., "Representation of Women in News and Photos."
80. Gender determination was based on the first name of the newsroom manager. In instances where gender was indeterminate, other sources, such as the publications' Web sites, were used to try to determine the manager's gender. If gender could not be determined, the publication was eliminated from consideration.
81. For six of the newspapers, the managing editor (or equivalent) remained the same during the study period, and for four of the newspapers, the managing editor changed, though the gender of the ME did not.
82. In some cases, publications did not publish all four pages on the dates in the sample, so substitution was made where possible. This was particularly the case for features pages and, to a lesser extent, for main local news pages. In the latter case, the front page often served as the main venue for local news, particularly at the smallest papers.
83. Daniel Riffe, Stephen Lacy, and Frederick G. Fico, Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research (Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum, 1998), 122-134 For the post-coding reliability assessment, a random sample of 147 content units was selected.
84. The content topics were abortion, children, women's health, equitable treatment of women, sexual abuse of women, consumer affairs, personal safety, education, poverty, minority issues, gay issues, interpersonal relationships, divorce, birth control, promiscuity, women's sports, fashion, politics/government, war, crime, business, environmental issues, social/political protest, and domestic violence.
85. The "primary subjects" of a photo are individuals who are depicted alone, apart from a crowd, or in a close-up.
86. Children were defined as individuals who were 18 years or younger as indicated in caption text or in text associated with the photo, or who were unambiguously 18 or under as indicated by their physical appearance in the photo.
87. Similar analyses were conducted using the matched-pair Wilcoxon test, which is analogous to a matched-pair t test but is based on a comparison of median values. The Wilcoxon test does not assume population values in the comparison groups are normally distributed. The substantive results were the same for both groups of analyses.
88. An additional rationale for noting differences at the .10 confidence level in the tables is that our analysis strategy is already conservative. The ten "experimental" papers in the sample were produced by evaluating 371 randomly chosen small dailies from among about 610 papers that met the size (circulation) criteria used in the study. At this rate, we estimate that only about sixteen newspapers would have met our circulation criteria had we been able to assess all eligible newspapers in the population. Lacking exact data on the number of newspapers that would meet those selection criteria, we have not applied the finite population correction factor to any analyses. Were we able to do that, the likelihood of finding "significant" differences at the conventional .05 confidence level would increase.
89. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism.
90. Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?";
91. Pantin, "When Women Run Newsrooms, Women Are in the News";
92. Smith, Groping for Ethics in Journalism.
93. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism;
94. Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper."
95. Linda Steiner, "Newsroom Accounts of Power at Work," in News, Gender, and Power, ed. Cynthia Carter, Gill Branston, and Stuart Allan (London and New York: Routledge, 1998), 145-159
96. Chambers, Steiner, and Fleming, Women and Journalism;
97. Pantin, "When Women Run Newsrooms, Women Are in the News";
98. Erick Trickey, "Front Page News," Cleveland Magazine, March 2008, http://www.clevelandmagazine.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid= E73ABD6180B44874871A91F6BA5C249C&nm=&type=Publishing&mod= Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=1578600D80804596A222593669321019&tier= 4&id=86694521E93F4A04BB8E34F66E31A5A2.
99. Everbach, "The Culture of a Women-Led Newspaper."