The culture of a women-led newspaper: An ethnographic study of the Sarasota Herald-Tribune

Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly

Volumn 83, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 477-493

  Everbach, Tracy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FEMALE; GENDER ROLE; LEADERSHIP; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; WOMENS STATUS; WORKPLACE;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33846061708     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769900608300301     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Gaye Tuchman, Arlene Kaplan Daniels, and James Benet, eds., Hearth and Home: Images of Women in the Mass Media (NY: Oxford University Press, 1978), 3-38.
2. Kay Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?" in Women, Media, and Politics, ed. Pippa Norris (NY: Oxford University Press, 1997), 43.
3. Maurine H. Beasley, "Is There a New Majority Defining the News?" in Women in Mass Communication, ed. Pamela Creedon, 2d ed. (Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1993), 130-31.
4. See also Maurine H. Beasley and Sheila J. Gibbons, Taking Their Place: A Documentary History of Women and Journalism (Washington, DC: American University Press, 1993), 26.
5. Mary Arnold and Mary Nesbitt, Women in Media 2006: Finding the Leader in You (Evanston, IL: Media Management Center at Northwestern University, 2006), 13.
6. Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?" 41-42.
7. Mills, "What Difference Do Women Journalists Make?" 39.
8. David Weaver, "Women as Journalists," in Women, Media, and Politics, ed. Norris, 38-39.
9. Arnold and Nesbitt, Women in Media 2006, 18;
10. Weaver, "Women as Journalists," 39.
11. Gaye Tuchman, Making News: A Study in the Construction of Reality (NY: The Free Press, 1978).
12. See also Herbert Gans, Deciding What's News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek & Time (NY: Pantheon Books, 1979). Both Tuchman and Gans spent months observing routines and practices in newsrooms, interviewing and following journalists. Their groundbreaking ethnographic studies focused on the notion that the news is a social construction rather than a reflection of events that happen each day in the world.
13. Tuchman, Making News, 133.
14. Tuchman, Making News, 152.
15. Tuchman, Making News, 138.
16. Tuchman, Making News, 292-99.
17. Mary Arnold Hemlinger and Cynthia C. Linton, Women in Newspapers 2002: Still Fighting an Uphill Battle (Evanston, IL: Media Management Center at Northwestern University, 2002), 19.
18. David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, The American Journalist: A Portrait of U.S. News People and Their Work, 2d ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1991), 181.
19. AJR staff, "Diversity Delayed," American Journalism Review 20 (1998): 9.
20. See also American Society of Newspaper Editors, 2002 Newsroom Census, http://www.asne.org/kiosk/diversity/2002Survey/2002CensusReport.html (accessed December 19, 2002).
21. American Society of Newspaper Editors 2006 census, http://www.asne.org/ index.cfm?id=5660 (accessed June 12, 2006);
22. Indiana University School of Journalism American Journalist Survey, "Women Journalists Aren't Increasing Overall," Poynter Online, http://www.poynter.org (accessed July 28, 2003).
23. These figures are part of data collected by David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit for an update to their book, The American Journalist (Personal correspondence, March 22, 2004.)
24. U.S. Department of Labor statistics, http://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/ main.htm (accessed June 12, 2006).
25. Indiana University School of Journalism American Journalist Survey.
26. Sue A. Lafky, "The Progress of Women and People of Color in the U.S. Journalistic Workforce: A Long, Slow Journey," in Women in Mass Communication, ed. Creedon, 100-110.
27. Claartje J. Vinkenburg, Paul J.W. Jansen, and Paul L. Koopman, "Feminine Leadership - A Review of Gender Differences in Managerial Behaviour and Effectiveness," in Women in Management: Current Research Issues Volume II, ed. Marilyn J. Davidson and Ronald J.Burke (London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage, 2000), 120-37.
28. Cynthia Carter, Gill Branston, and Stuart Allan, News, Gender and Power (London and NY: Routledge, 1998), 2.
29. Carrie Johnson, "Women at the Top? 'We're Still Talking Token Numbers,'" Austin American-Statesman, April 1, 2001, J10.
30. Hemlinger and Linton, Women in Newspapers 2002, 15.
31. Matthew Daneman, "Former Gannett CEO Neuharth Crusades For Media Diversity," (Rochester, NY) Democrat and Chronicle, February 21, 2003, http://www.democratandchronicle.com/news/ 0221story19_news.shtml.
32. Daneman, "Former Gannett CEO Neuharth Crusades for Media Diversity."
33. Editor and Publisher, "Newspapers post strong 3Q profits," October 17, 1998, 16.
34. Newspaper Association of America booklet, Facts About Newspapers: A Statistical Summary of the Newspaper Industry, 2003.
35. Debra Gersh Hernandez, "Good and the Bad About Women's News in Newspapers," Editor and Publisher, May 21, 1994, 17.
36. See also Karen Schmidt and Colleen Collins, "Showdown at Gender Gap," American Journalism Review 15 (6, 1993): 39-42.
37. Hernandez, "Good and the Bad About Women's News in Newspapers";
38. Schmidt and Collins, "Showdown at Gender Gap."
39. Hernandez, "Good and the Bad About Women's News in Newspapers";
40. Schmidt and Collins, "Showdown at Gender Gap."
41. Liesbet van Zoonen, "One of the Girls? The Changing Gender of Journalism," in News, Gender and Power, ed. Carter, Branston, and Allan, 36.
42. Susan Miller, "Opportunity Squandered - Newspapers and Women's News," Media Studies Journal 7 (1-2) (winter/spring 1993): 168.
43. Kim Walsh-Childers, Jean Chance, and Kristin Herzog, "Women Journalists Report Discrimination in Newsrooms," Newspaper Research Journal 17 (3-4, 1996): 86-87.
44. Hernandez, "Good and the Bad about Women's News in Newspapers," 17.
45. Miller, "Opportunity Squandered - Newspapers and Women's News," 167.
46. Lee Jolliffe and Terri Catlett, "Women Editors at the 'Seven Sisters' Magazines, 1965-1985: Did They Make a Difference?" Journalism Quarterly 71 (winter 1994): 800-08.
47. Jolliffe and Catlett, "Women Editors at the 'Seven Sisters' Magazines, 1965-1985: Did They Make a Difference?" 806-07.
48. Aliza Lavie and Sam Lehman-Wilzig, "The Method is the Message: Explaining Inconsistent Findings in Gender and News Production Research," Journalism 6 (1, 2005): 67-69.
49. Tracy Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper," Media Report to Women 33 (fall 2005): 14-22.
50. Everbach, "The 'Masculine' Content of a Female-Managed Newspaper," 20-21.
51. Gary N. Powell, Women & Men in Management (Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1993), 153-69.
52. Ann Harriman, Women/Men/Management, 2d ed. (Westport, CT, London: Praeger, 1996), 2-4.
53. Linda L. Lindsey, Gender Roles: A Sociological Perspective, 3d ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997), 262-64.
54. Powell, Women and Men in Management, 167.
55. Vinkenburg, Jansen, and Koopman, "Feminine Leadership - A Review of Gender Differences in Managerial Behaviour and Effectiveness," 123-4, 130.
56. Lindsey, Gender Roles, 53-59.
57. Angel Kwolek-Folland, Incorporating Women: A History of Women & Business in the United States (NY: Palgrave, 1998, 2002), 168-69, 201.
58. Kwolek-Folland, Incorporating Women, 202.
59. Patricia Sellers, "Power: Do Women Really Want It?" Fortune, October 13, 2003.
60. Lisa Belkin, "The Opt-Out Revolution," The New York Times Magazine, October 26, 2003, 45.
61. Belkin, "The Opt-Out Revolution," 86.
62. Van Zoonen, "One of the Girls? The Changing Gender of Journalism," 33-46.
63. Van Zoonen, "One of the Girls? The Changing Gender of Journalism," 34.
64. Van Zoonen, "One of the Girls? The Changing Gender of Journalism," 35-36.
65. Marilyn E. Gist, "Through the Looking Glass: Diversity and Reflected Appraisals of the Self in Mass Media," in Women in Mass Communication, ed. Creedon, 109-110.
66. Stuart Allan, "(En)gendering the Truth Politics of News Discourse," in News,Gender and Power, ed. Carter, Branston, and Allan, 126, 133;
67. Gist, "Through the Looking Glass," 108-09.
68. Josephine Donovan, Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions of American Feminism (NY: Continuum, 1992), 199.
69. Arnold and Nesbitt, Women in Media 2006, 19;
70. Readership Institute, Media Management Center, Impact Study (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University, January 2000).
71. Readership Institute, Impact Study.
72. Harriman, Women/Men/Management;
73. Powell, Women and Men in Management.
74. Harriman, Women/Men/Management;
75. Powell, Women and Men in Management.
76. American Press Institute, "Women, Men and Newsroom Leadership," DVD, 2003.
77. Deborah Tannen, You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (NY: Ballantine Books, 1990), 24-25.
78. Arnold and Nesbitt, Women in Media 2006, 52.
79. Arnold and Nesbitt, Women in Media 2006, 16-17.
80. Norman K. Denzin and Yvonna S. Lincoln, eds., The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues (Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1998), 134-36.
81. Thomas R. Lindlof, Qualitative Communication Research Methods (Thousand Oaks, Londn, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1995), 5.
82. Linda McGee Calvert and V. Jean Ramsey, "Bringing Women's Voice to Research on Women in Management: A Feminist Perspective," Journal of Management Inquiry 1 (March 1992): 79-88;
83. Harriman, Women/Men/Management
84. Liesbet Van Zoonen, Feminist Media Studies (London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994), 56-64.
85. Newspaper Association of America, "Facts About Newspapers: A Statistical Summary of the Newspaper Industry, http://www.naa.org/info/ facts04/cmi.html (accessed August 17, 2004).
86. U.S. Census Bureau, http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states (accessed September 15, 2003).
87. Sarasota County records.
88. Sherry Ricchiardi, "Where Women Rule," American Journalism Review 23 (1, 2001): 52.
89. ASNE 2003 annual census;
90. Ricchiardi, "Where Women Rule," 52.
91. Ricchiardi, "Where Women Rule," 52.
92. Interview with Sarasota Herald-Tribune publisher Diane McFarlin in her office, September 11, 2003.
93. Kwolek-Folland, Incorporating Women, 203-05.
94. Kwolek-Folland, Incorporating Women, 203-05.
95. Male Reporter No. 1, interview with author, September 11, 2003. Note: Employees interviewed for this study are not identified by name per agreement with the author, the Sarasota Herald-Tribune managers, and the University of Missouri's Institutional Review Board. The decision to keep employees anonymous was intended to allow them to speak freely without fear of retribution.
96. Interview with Male Reporter No. 1 in Sarasota-Herald Tribune newsroom conference room, 11 September 2003.
97. Male Reporter No. 1, interview.
98. Male Reporter No. 1, interview.
99. Interview with Sarasota Herald-Tribune Managing Editor Diane Tennant at a Sarasota restaurant, September 10, 2003. Tennant replaced Rosemary Armao as managing editor after Armao resigned in June 2002 over an ethics dispute with Executive Editor Janet Weaver.
100. McFarlin, interview.
101. Janet Weaver, interview with author, September 12, 2003.
102. Female Editor No. 1.
103. Newsroom observation of Female Editor No. 1's conversation with another employee, December 17, 2003.
104. Weaver, interview.
105. Weaver, interview.
106. Tannen, You Just Don't Understand, 38.
107. McFarlin, interview.
108. Tennant, interview.
109. McFarlin, interview.
110. Newsroom observation, December 19, 2003.
111. Linda Steiner, "Newsroom Accounts of Power at Work," in News, Gender and Power, ed. Carter, Branston, and Allan, 146.
112. Tennant, interview.
113. Male Reporter No. 6, posting May 16, 2002.
114. Intranet posting, May 23, 2002.
115. Observation of news budget meeting, June 6, 2002.
116. Observation of editors' meeting, September 10, 2003.
117. Interview with Male Editor No. 1 in the newsroom, June 6, 2002.
118. Interview with Male Reporter No. 2 in the newsroom, December 15, 2003.
119. Male Reporter No. 2, interview.
120. Interview with Male Reporter No. 3 in news bureau office, December 16, 2003.
121. Interview with Female Photographer No. 1 in newsroom, June 5, 2002.
122. Interview with Female Reporter No. 2 in the newsroom, June 5, 2002.
123. Interview with Female Page Designer No. 1 in the newsroom, June 5, 2002.
124. Interview with Female Reporter No. 4 at a restaurant, December 16, 2003.
125. Interview with Female Reporter No. 3 at a restaurant, December 16, 2003.
126. Tennant, interview.
127. Interview with Rosemary Armao in newsroom conference room, June 2, 2002.
128. McFarlin, interview.
129. Lisa Rab, "H-T Publisher Names New Top Editor," Sarasota Herald-Tribune, December 20, 2003, 12A.
130. Bill Dedman and Stephen K. Doig, report compiled for Knight Foundation, May 2004, http://powerreporting.com/knight/ fl_sarasota_herald-tribune.html (accessed August 17, 2004).
131. McFarlin, interview.
132. St. Petersburg Times, "Circulation of Florida's Largest Newspapers," http://www.sptimes.com/Marketbook/circulation.html (accessed January 15, 2004).
133. Armao, interview.
134. Weaver, interview.
135. Steiner, "Newsroom Accounts of Power at Work," 146.
136. Tarmen, You just Don't Understand, 25.
137. Donovan, Feminist Theory, 173, 177;
138. see also Tannen, You Just Don't Understand, 38.