Seasonal Variations in the Diet and Feeding Effort of Two Groups of Howlers in Different Sized Forest Fragments

International Journal of Primatology

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 887-903

  Dunn, Jacob C ^a,b   Cristóbal Azkarate, Jurgi ^c   Veà, Joaquím J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSIDAD VERACRUZANA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

Big trees; Diet; Ficus; Howlers; Seasonality

Indexed keywords

DECIDUOUS TREE; DIET; ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FEEDING ECOLOGY; FRUIT PRODUCTION; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; PRIMATE; RESOURCE AVAILABILITY; SEASONAL VARIATION; SEASONALITY; VULNERABILITY;

LOS TUXTLAS; MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA]; VERACRUZ;

ALOUATTA; ALOUATTA PALLIATA MEXICANA; PRIMATES;

EID: 77957131891     PISSN: 01640291     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-010-9436-0     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49, 227-367.
2. Anonymous. (2000). STATISTICA for Windows: computer program manual. Tulsa: Statsoft, Inc.
3. APG. (2003). An update of the Angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 399-436.
4. Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., & Mandujano, S. (2006). Forest fragmentation modifies habitat quality for Alouatta palliata. International Journal of Primatology, 27, 1079-1096.
5. Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., & Mandujano, S. (2009). Conceptualization and measurement of habitat fragmentation form the primates' perspective. International Journal of Primatology, 30, 497-514.
6. Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Mandujano, S., & Benítez-Malvido, J. (2008). Landscape attributes affecting patch occupancy by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in fragmented landscapes at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. American Journal of Primatology, 70, 69-77.
7. Asensio, N., Cristóbal-Azkarate, J., Dias, P. M. D., Veà, J. J., & Rodríguez-Luna, E. (2007). Foraging habits of Alouatta palliata mexicana in three forest fragments. Folia Primatologica, 78, 141-153.
8. Asensio, N., Arroyo-Rodríguez, V., Dunn, J. C., & Cristóbal-Azkarate, J. (2009). Conservation value of landscape supplementation for howler monkeys living in forest patches. Biotropica, 41, 768-773.
9. Benitez-Malvído, J., & Martínez-Ramos, M. (2003). Impact of forest fragmentation on understory plant species richness in Amazonia. Conservation Biology, 17, 389-400.
10. Bicca-Marques, J. C. (2003). How do howler monkeys cope with habitat fragmentation? In L. K. Marsh (Ed.), Primates in fragments: Ecology and conservation (pp. 283-303). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
11. Busch, D. S., & Hayward, L. S. (2009). Stress in a conservation context: a discussion of glucocorticoid actions and how levels change with conservation-relevant variables. Biological Conservation, 142, 2844-2853.
12. Cavigelli, S. A. (1999). Behavioural patterns associated with faecal cortisol levels in free-ranging female ring-tailed lemurs, Lemur catta. Animal Behaviour, 57, 935-944.
13. Chapman, C. A. (1988). Patterns of foraging and range use by three species of Neotropical primates. Primates, 29, 177-194.
14. Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Wrangham, R., Hunt, K., Gebo, D., & Gardner, L. (1992). Estimators of fruit abundance of tropical trees. Biotropica, 24, 527-531.
15. Chapman, C. A., Chapman, L. J., Struhsaker, T. T., Zanne, A. E., Clark, C. J., & Poulsen, J. R. (2005). A long-term evaluation of fruiting phenology: importance of climate change. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21, 31-45.
16. Charnov, E. L. (1976). Optimal foraging: The marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology, 9, 129-136.
17. Connor, E. F., & McCoy, E. D. (1974). The statistics and biology of the species-area relationship. American Naturalist, 113, 791-833.
18. Cristóbal-Azkarate, J., & Arroyo-Rodríguez, V. (2007). Diet and activity patterns of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico: effects of habitat fragmentation and implications for conservation. American Journal of Primatology, 69, 1-17.
19. Cristóbal-Azkarate, J., Veà, J. J., Asensio, N., & Rodríguez-Luna, E. (2005). Biogeographical and floristic predictors of the presence and abundance of mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in rainforest fragments at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. American Journal of Primatology, 67, 209-222.
20. Cuarón, A. D, Shedden, A., Rodríguez-Luna, E., de Grammont, P. C., & Link, A. (2009). Alouatta palliata ssp. mexicana. In IUCN 2009. 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www. iucnredlist. org. (Accessed November 27, 2009).
21. Dirzo, R., & Garcia, M. C. (1992). Rates of deforestation in Los Tuxtlas, a neotropical area in southeast Mexico. Conservation Biology, 6, 85-94.
22. Dunn, J. C., Cristóbal-Azkarate, J., & Veà, J. (2009). Differences in diet and activity pattern between two groups of Alouatta palliata associated with the availability of big trees and fruit of top food taxa. American Journal of Primatology, 71, 654-662.
23. Estrada, A. (1984). Resource use by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) in the rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. International Journal of Primatology, 5, 105-131.
24. Estrada, A., & Coates-Estrada, R. (1988). Tropical rain forest conversion and perspectives in the conservation of wild primates (Alouatta and Ateles) in Mexico. International Journal of Primatology, 14, 315-327.
25. Estrada, A., & Coates-Estrada, R. (1991). Howling monkeys (Alouatta palliata), dung beetles (Scarabaeidae) and seed dispersal: Ecological interactions in the tropical rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 7, 459-474.
26. Estrada, A., & Coates-Estrada, R. (2001). Species composition and reproductive phenology of bats in a tropical landscape at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 17, 627-646.
27. Estrada, A., Juan-Solano, S., Ortíz-Martínez, T., & Coates-Estrada, R. (1999). Feeding and general activity patterns of a howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) troop living in a forest fragment at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. American Journal of Primatology, 48, 167-183.
28. Felton, A. M., Felton, A., Wood, J. T., & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2008). Diet and feeding ecology of Ateles chamek in a bolivian semihumid forest: The importance of Ficus as a staple food resource. International Journal of Primatology, 29, 379-403.
29. Foster, R. B. (1982). Famine on Barro Colorado Island. In E. G. Leigh Jr., A. S. Rand, & D. M. Windsor (Eds.), The ecology of a tropical forest: Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes (pp. 201-212). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
30. Freeland, W. J., & Janzen, D. H. (1974). Strategies of herbivory in mammals; the role of plant secondary compounds. American Naturalist, 108, 269-289.
31. Gentry, A. H. (1982). Patterns of Neotropical plant species diversity. Evolutionary Biology, 15, 1-85.
32. Glander, K. E. (1981). Feeding patterns in mantled howling monkeys. In A. C. Kamil & T. D. Sargent (Eds.), Foraging behavior: Ecological, ethological, and psychological approaches (pp. 231-255). New York: Garland Press.
33. Guevara-Sada, S., Laborde, J., & Sánchez-Ríos, G. (2004). Los Tuxtlas: El paisaje de la sierra (p. 287). Xalapa: Instituto de Ecología A. C. and European Union.
34. Hill, J. L., & Curran, P. J. (2003). Area, shape and isolation of tropical forest fragments: effects on tree species diversity and implications for conservation. Journal of Biogeography, 30, 1391-1403.
35. Ibarra-Manríquez, G., & Oyama, K. (1992). Ecological correlates of reproductive traits of Mexican rain forest trees. American Journal of Botany, 79, 383-394.
36. Juan, S., Estrada, A., & Coates-Estrada, R. (2000). Contrastes y similitudes en el uso de recursos y patrón general de actividades en tropas de monos aulladores (Alouatta palliata) en fragmentos de selva de Los Tuxtlas, México. Neotropical Primates, 8, 131-135.
37. Laurance, W. F., Delamônica, P., Laurance, S. G., Vasconcelos, H. L., & Lovejoy, T. E. (2000). Rainforest fragmentation kills big trees. Nature, 404, 836.
38. Leighton, M. (1993). Modelling dietary selectivity by Bornean orangutans: evidence for integration criteria in fruit selection. International Journal of Primatology, 14, 257-313.
39. MacArthur, R. H., & Pianka, E. R. (1966). On the optimal use of a patchy environment. American Naturalist, 100, 603-609.
40. Malcolm, J. R. (1994). Edge effects in central Amazonian forest fragments. Ecology, 75, 238-244.
41. Marshall, A. J., Boyko, C. M., Feilen, K. L., Boyko, R. H., & Leightons, M. (2009). Defining fallback foods and assessing their importance in primate ecology and evolution. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140, 603-614.
42. Medley, K. E. (1993). Primate conservation along the Tana River, Kenya: an examination of the forest habitat. Conservation Biology, 7, 109-121.
43. Milton, K. (1979). Factors influencing leaf choice by howler monkeys: a test of some hypotheses of food selection by generalist herbivores. American Naturalist, 114, 362-378.
44. Milton, K. (1980). The foraging strategy of howler monkeys; A study of primate economics (p. 165). New York: Columbia University Press.
45. Milton, K. (1982). Dietary quality and demographic regulation in a howler monkey population. In E. G. Leigh Jr., A. S. Rand, & D. M. Windsor (Eds.), The ecology of a tropical forest: Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes (pp. 273-289). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
46. Milton, K. (1991). Leaf change and fruit production in six Neotropical Moraceae species. Journal of Ecology, 79, 1-26.
47. Pavelka, M. S. M., & Knopff, K. H. (2004). Diet and activity in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in Southern Belize: does degree of frugivory influence activity level? Primates, 45, 105-111.
48. Peres, C. A. (1994). Primate responses to phenological changes in an Amazonian terra firme forest. Biotropica, 26, 98-112.
49. Pride, R. E. (2005). High faecal glucocorticoid levels predict mortality in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Biology Letters, 1, 60-63.
50. Rodríguez-Luna, E., Domínguez-Domínguez, L. E., Morales-Móvil, J. E., & Martínez-Morales, M. (2003). Foraging strategy changes in a Alouatta palliata mexicana troop released on an island. In L. K. Marsh (Ed.), Primates in fragments: Ecology and conservation (pp. 229-250). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press.
51. Sapolsky, R. M. (1986). Endocrine and behavioral correlates if drought in the wild baboons. American Journal of Primatology, 11, 217-226.
52. Shanahan, M., So, S., Compton, S. G., & Corlett, R. (2001). Fig eating by vertebrate frugivores: a global review. Biological Reviews, 76, 529-572.
53. Silver, S. C., Ostro, L. E. T., Yeager, C. P., & Horwich, R. (1998). Feeding ecology of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) in Northern Belize. American Journal of Primatology, 45, 263-279.
54. Sokal, R. F., & Rohlf, F. J. (1995). Biometry (p. 887). New York: W. H. Freeman.
55. Soto, M., & Gama, L. (1997). Climas. In E. González Soriano, R. Dirzo, & R. Vogt (Eds.), Historia natural de Los Tuxtlas (pp. 7-23). México City: UNAM and CONABIO.
56. Terborgh, J. (1983). Five New World primates: a study in comparative ecology (p. 280). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
57. Terborgh, J. (1986). Keystone plant resources in the tropical forest. In M. E. Soulé (Ed.), Conservation biology: The science of scarcity and diversity (pp. 330-344). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.
58. Tutin, C. E. G. (1999). Fragmented living: behavioural ecology of primates in a forest fragment in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon. Primates, 40, 249-265.
59. van Schaik, C. P., & Brockman, D. K. (2005). Seasonality in primate ecology, reproduction and life history: an overview. In D. K. Brockman & C. P. van Schaik (Eds.), Seasonality in primates: Studies of living and extinct human and non-human primates (pp. 3-20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. van Schaik, C. P., Terborgh, J. W., & Wright, S. J. (1993). The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 24, 353-377.
61. Westoby, M. (1978). What are the biological bases of varied diets? American Naturalist, 112, 627-631.