History and the technopolitics of identity: The case of apartheid South Africa

Journal of Southern African Studies

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 619-639

  Edwards, Paul N ^a   Hecht, Gabrielle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APARTHEID; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; NATIONAL IDENTITY; NUCLEAR POWER; POLITICAL POWER; SYMBOLISM;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 77957111733     PISSN: 03057070     EISSN: 14653893     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2010.507568     Document Type: Article

References (92)

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5. On South Africa specifically, see G. Hecht, 'Negotiating Global Nuclearities: Apartheid, Decolonization, and the Cold War in the Making of the IAEA', in J. Krige and K. Barth (eds), Global Power Knowledge: Science, Technology, and International Affairs, Osiris, 21, 1 (July 2006), pp. 25-48.
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9. G. Hecht, The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity after World War II (Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1998).
10. Dubow, A Commonwealth of Knowledge.
11. See also N.L. Clark, Manufacturing Apartheid: State Corporations in South Africa (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1994)
12. R. Christie, Electricity, Industry and Class in South Africa (Albany, State University of New York Press, 1984)
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14. These dialectics had a long history, as Dubow, A Commonwealth of Knowledge, shows.
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16. Uranium was present in gold-bearing ore, but it had no significant economic value before the Second World War. Until 1952, South African ore treatment processes purified only for gold, discarding the uranium (in the ore waste) onto tailings piles.
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27. Gowing, Independence and Deterrence; Helmreich, Gathering Rare Ores.
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31. NASA: EAE (Economic Adviser of the Prime Minister), 143, EA2/2/13, 'Raad op Atoomkrag', 3 vols; MEM (Private Secretary of the Prime Minister), 1/590, I21/2. Hecht thanks A. Jackson (formerly Executive General Manager of Corporate Business Development for the Atomic Energy Corporation of South Africa) for access to his unpublished memoir, A.G.M. Jackson, Qalindaba (The Talking Begins): Personal Anecdotes of Triumphs, Disasters and Controversies.
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37. First published in 1976 under the title Nuclear Energy Terms; subsequently Nuclear Operations Dictionary: English-Afrikaans (Pretoria, Atomic Energy Corporation of South Africa in collaboration with the National Terminology Service of the Department of National Education, 1990).
38. Most documents in NASA, EAE 143, EA2/2/13, vols 2 and 3.
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56. See also Posel, 'A Mania for Measurement'.
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58. See also Hecht, The Radiance of France.
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60. M. Williams, 'U.S. Policy Towards South Africa - Export of 746 Parachutes', 2 February 1962, in Mokoena, South Africa.
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62. see Massie, Loosing the Bonds.
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67. L.-A. Freeman, Computer Users Handbook (Johannesburg, Systems Publishers, 1982).
68. J.F. Clarke, 'Trends in Computing in South Africa - A Review of the Sixties: A Talk Delivered to the 360 Users' Association', South African Computer Bulletin, 11, 2 (1970), pp. 16-17
69. A. Vaughan, 'Overview: Events and Consequences', in M. White and L. Sefor (eds), South African Computer Users Handbook 1981(Johannesburg, Systems Publishers, 1981), pp. A1-A4.
70. C. Stewart, 'Sales Tax and the Computer', Systems: The Bulletin of the Computer Society of South Africa, 6, 8 (August 1976), pp. 16-20.
71. UN Security Council Resolution 418 of 4 November 1977.
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74. American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), Automating Apartheid: U.S. Computer Exports to South Africa and the Arms Embargo (Philadelphia, American Friends Service Committee, 1982), p. 14.
75. Ibid., p. 32.
76. J. Clarke, interview; M. Harris, interviewed by P.N. Edwards, Johannesburg, 9 June 2004.
77. AFSC, Automating Apartheid, p. 13.
78. M. de W. Dippenaar, The History of the South African Police, 1913-1988 (Silverton, Promedia Publications, 1988), p. 482.
79. Ibid., pp. 482, 551.
80. D. Tutu, Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report (Cape Town, The TRC, 1998), Vol. 1, pp. 217 ff.
81. V. Harris and K. Allan, South African History Archive, personal communication, 15 August 2006.
82. J. Clarke, interview; M. Harris, interview; H. Ratshefola, interviewed by P.N. Edwards, Johannesburg, 18 May 2004; Z. Malele, interviewed by P.N. Edwards, Johannesburg, 17 May 2004; S. van Graan, telephone interview with P.N. Edwards, 18 May 2004.
83. J. Clarke, interview.
84. African National Congress, The Nuclear Conspiracy: FRG Collaborates to Strengthen Apartheid (Bonn, PDW-Verlag, 1975).
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86. D. Smith, South Africa's Nuclear Capability (London, World Campaign Against Military and Nuclear Collaboration with South Africa, 1980).
87. Quoted in Cervenka and Rogers, The Nuclear Axis, p. 77.
88. Newby-Fraser, Chain Reaction, p. 50.
89. The 'founding patrons' included Julius Nyerere, Seretse Khama, Agostinho Neto, Kenneth Kaunda, and Olusegun Obasanjo; 'sponsors' included Olof Palme and Coretta Scott King.
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