9 Influenza: An Emerging Microbial Pathogen

Biomedical Research Reports

Volumn 1, Issue C, 1998, Pages 275-300

  Webster, Robert G ^a  

^a ST JUDE CHILDREN S RESEARCH HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77957025255     PISSN: 18745326     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1874-5326(07)80033-0     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Air G.M., Gibbs A.J., Laver W.G., and Webster R.G. Evolutionary changes in influenza B are not primarily governed by antibody selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (1990) 3884-3888
2. Alexander D.J. Avian diseases-Historical aspects. In "Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Avian Influenza," (1986) 4-13 U.S. Animal Health Association, Richmond, Virginia.
3. Bean W.J., Schell M., Katz J., Kawaoka Y., Naeve C., Gorman O., and Webster R.G. Evolution of the H3 influenza virus hemagglutinin from human and nonhuman hosts. J. Virol. 66 (1992) 1129-1138
4. Betakova T., Nermut N.V., and Hay A.J. The NB protein is an integral component of the membrane of influenza B virus. J. Gen. Virol. 77 (1996) 2689-2694
5. Brassard D.L., Leser G.P., and Lamb R.A. Influenza B virus NB glycoprotein is a component of the virion. Virology 220 (1996) 350-360
6. Bryans J.T. Equine influenza. The Blood Horse 101 (1975) 4526-4527
7. Buonagurio D.A., Nakada S., Desselberger U., Krystal M., and Palese P. Noncumulative sequence changes in the hemagglutinin genes of influenza C virus isolates. Virology 146 (1985) 221-232
8. Campitelli L., Donatelli I., Foni E., Castrucci M.R., Concetta F., Kawaoka Y., Krauss S., and Webster R.G. Continued evolution of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in pigs in Italy. Virology 232 (1997) 310-318
9. Castrucci M.R., Donatelli I., Sidoli L., Barigazzi G., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R.G. Genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza A viruses in Italian pigs. Virology 193 (1993) 503-506
10. Choppin P.W., Murphy J.S., and Tamm I. Studies of two kinds of virus particles which comprise influenza A2 virus strains. III. Morphological characteristics: Independence of morphological and functional traits. J. Exp. Med. 112 (1960) 945-952
11. Claas E.C.J., Kawaoka Y., de Jong J.C., Masurel N., and Webster R.G. Infection of children with avian-human reassortment influenza A virus from pigs in Europe. Virology 204 (1994) 453-457
12. Compans R.W., Content J., and Duesberg P.H. Structure of the ribonucleoprotein of influenza virus. J. Virol. 10 (1972) 795-800
13. Cox N.J., Bai Z.S., and Kendal A.P. Laboratory-based surveillance of influenza A (H1N1) and A (H3N2) viruses in 1980-81: Antigenic and genomic analyses. Bull. WHO 61 (1983) 143-152
14. Crosby A.W. Flu and the American expeditionary force. "Epidemic and Peace 1918," (1976), Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut 145-170
15. de Jong J.C., Claas E., Osterhaus A., Webster R.G., and Lim W.L. A pandemic warning?. Nature (1997) 389:654
16. Gammelin M., Altmuller A., Reinhardt U., Mandler J., Harley V.R., Hudson P.J., Fitch W.M., and Scholtissek C. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleoproteins suggests that human influenza A viruses emerged from a 19th-century avian ancestor. Mol. Biol. Evol. 7 (1990) 194-200
17. Geraci J.R., St. Aubin D.J., Barker I.K., Webster R.G., Hinshaw V.S., Bean W.J., Ruhnke H.L., Prescott J.H., Early G., Baker A.S., Madoff S., and Schooley R.T. Mass mortality of harbor seals: Pneumonia associated with influenza A virus. Science 215 (1982) 1129-1131
18. Gerber H. Clinical features, sequelae and epidemiology of equine influenza. "Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Equine Infectious Disease," (1970) 63-69 Karger, Basel
19. Gerhard W., Yewdell J., Frankel M., and Webster R.G. Antigenic structure of influenza virus hemagglutinin defined by hybridoma antibodies. Nature (London) 290 (1981) 713-717
20. Gorman O.T., Bean W.J., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R.G. Evolution of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza A virus. J. Virol. 64 (1990) 1487-1497
21. Guan Y., Shortridge K.F., Krauss S., Li P.H., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R.G. Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China. J. Virol. 70 (1996) 8041-8046
22. Guo Y., Guo Z., Pan X., Guo C., Wang M., and Lu X. Etiologic and seroepidemiology surveys of an equine influenza epidemic in Northeast China. Chin. J. Exp. Clin. Virol. 3 (1990) 318-322
23. Guo Y., Wang M., Kawaoka Y., Gorman O., Ito T., and Saito T. Characterization of a new avian-like influenza A virus from horses in China. Virology 188 (1992) 245-255
24. Hinshaw VS., Bean Jr. W.J., Webster R.G., and Easterday B.C. The prevalence of influenza viruses in swine and the antigenic and genetic relatedness of influenza viruses from man and swine. Virology 84 (1978) 51-62
25. Hinshaw VS., Webster R.G., and Turner B. The perpetuation of orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in Canadian waterfowl. Can. J. Microbiol. 26 (1980) 622-629
26. Hinshaw VS., Bean W.J., Geraci J., Fiorelli P., Early G., and Webster R.G. Characterization of two influenza A viruses from a pilot whale. J. Virol. 58 (1986) 655-656
27. Hinshaw V.S., Easterday B.C., McGregor M., Wentworth D., and Early D. Interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses. "Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Avian Influenza," (1992) 106-110 Extension Duplicating Services University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706
28. Hirsch A. "Handbook of Geographical and Historical Pathology," 1 (1883) 7 New Sydenham Society, London
29. Horimoto T., Rivera E., Pearson J., Senne D., Krauss S., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R. Origin and molecular changes associated with emergence of a highly pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus in Mexico. Virology 213 (1995) 223-230
30. Hsu M.-T., Parvin J.D., Gupta S., Krystal M., and Palese P. Genomic RNAs of influenza viruses are held in a circular confirmation in virions and in infected cells by a terminal pan-handle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (1987) 8140-8144
31. Katz J.M., Naeve C.W., and Webster R.G. Host cell-mediated variation in H3N2 influenza viruses. Virology 156 (1987) 386-395
32. Kawaoka Y., Krauss S., and Webster R.G. Avian-to-human transmission of the PB1 gene of influenza A virus in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. J. Virol. 63 (1989) 4603-4608
33. Kawaoka Y., Yamnikova S., Chambers T.M., Lvov D.K., and Webster R.G. Molecular characterization of a new hemagglutinin, subtype H14, of influenza A virus. Virology 179 (1990) 759-767
34. Kida H., Ito T., Yasuda J., Shimizu Y., Itakura C., Shortridge K.F., Kawaoka Y., and Webster R.G. Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs. J. Gen. Virol. 75 (1994) 2183-2188
35. Kilbourne E.D. Influenza virus genetics. Prog. Med. Virol. 5 (1963) 79-126
36. Klingborn B., Englund L., Rott R., Junti N., and Rockborn G. An avian influenza A virus killing a mammalian species-the mink. Arch. Virol. 86 (1985) 347-351
37. Knossow M., Daniels R.S., Douglas A.R., Skehel J.J., and Wiley D.C. Three-dimensional structure of an antigenic mutant of the influenza virus haemagglutinin. Nature (London) 311 (1984) 678-680
38. Kundin W.D. Hong Kong A2 influenza virus infection among swine during a human epidemic in Taiwan. Nature (London) 228 (1970) 857
39. Lamb R.A. Genes and proteins of the influenza viruses. In: Krug R.M., Fraenkel-Conrat H., and Wagner R.R. (Eds). "The Influenza Viruses" (1989), Plenum, New York 1-88
40. Lin Y.P., Shu L.L., Wright S., Bean W.J., Sharp G.B., Shortridge K.F., and Webster R.G. Analysis of the influenza virus gene pool of avian species from Southern China. Virology 198 (1994) 557-566
41. Lvov D.K. Influenza A viruses-A sum of populations with a common protected gene pool. Soc. Med. Rev. E Virol. 2 (1987) 15-37
42. Lvov D.K., Zhdanov V.M., Sazonov A.A., Braude N.A., Vladimirtceva E.A., Agafonova L.V., Skijanskaja E.I., Kaverin N.V., Reznik V.I., Pysina T.V., Oserovic A.M., Berzin A.A., Mjasnikova I.A., Podcernjaeva R.Y., Klimenko S.M., Andrejev V.P., and Yakhno M.A. Comparison of influenza viruses isolated from man and from whales. Bull. WHO 56 (1978) 923-930
43. McKinney W.P., Volkert P., and Kaufman J. Fatal swine influenza pneumonia during late pregnancy. Arch. Intern. Med. 150 (1990) 213-215
44. Masurel N. Antibody response obtained by vaccination with the influenza A/Equi 2 virus in man. Nature (London) 218 (1968) 100-101
45. Mulder J., and Masurel N. Pre-epidemic antibody against 1957 strain of Asiatic influenza in serum of older people living in The Netherlands. Lancet 1 (1958) 810-814
46. Mumford J., Wood J.M., Scott A.M., Folkens C., and Schild G.C. Studies with inactivated equine virus A/Equine/New Market/79 (H3N8). J. Hyg. 90 (1983) 385-395
47. Murphy B.R., and Webster R.G. Orthomyxoviruses. In: Fields B.N., Knipe D.M., Howley P.M., Chanock R.M., Melnick J.L., Monath T.P., Roizman R., and Straus S.E. (Eds). "Fields Virology" (1996), Raven, New York 1397-1445 Chap. 46
48. Murphy B.R., Harper J., Sly D.L., London W.T., Miller N.T., and Webster R.G. Evaluation of the A/Seal/Mass/1/80 virus in squirrel monkeys. Infect. Immun. 42 (1983) 424-426
49. Murti K.G., Bean Jr. W.J., and Webster R.G. Helical ribonucleoproteins of influenza virus. An electron microscope analysis. Virology 104 (1980) 224-229
50. Nakajima K., Desselberger U., and Palese P. Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to strains isolated in 1950. Nature (London) 274 (1978) 334-339
51. Natali A., Oxford J.A., and Schild G.C. Frequency of naturally occurring antibody to influenza virus antigenic variants selected with monoclonal antibody. J. Hyg. 87 (1981) 185-190
52. Noble G.R. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of influenza. In: Beare A.S. (Ed). "Basic and Applied Influenza Research" (1982), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida 11-50
53. Pensaert M., Ottis K., Vandeputte J., Kaplan M.M., and Bachmann P.A. Evidence for the natural transmission of influenza A virus from wild ducks to swine and its potential importance for man. Bull. WHO 59 (1981) 75-78
54. Influenza surveillance in the Pacific Basin. Reichelderfer P.S., Kendal A.P., Shortridge K.F., Hampson A., and collaborators. Seasonality of virus occurrence: A preliminary report. In: Doraisingham S., Ling A.E., and Chan Y.C. (Eds). "Current Topics in Medical Virology" (1989), World Scientific, Singapore 412-438
55. Rogers G.N., and Paulson J.C. Receptor determinants of human and animal influenza virus isolates: Differences in receptor specificity of the H3 hemagglutinin based on species of origin. Virology 127 (1983) 361-373
56. Rogers G.N., and Wiley D.C. Single amino acid substitutions in influenza haemagglutinin change receptor binding specificity. Nature (London) 304 (1983) 76-78
57. Röhm C., Zhou N., Süss J., Mackenzie J., and Webster R.G. Characterization of a novel influenza hemagglutinin, H15: Criteria for determination of influenza A subtypes. Virology 217 (1996) 508-516
58. Rota P.A., Rocha E.P., Harmon M.W., Hinshaw VS., Sherar M.G., Kawaoka Y., Cox N.J., and Smith T.F. Laboratory characterization of a swine influenza virus isolated from a fatal case of human influenza. J. Clin. Microbiol. 27 (1989) 1413-1416
59. Rott R., Orlich M., and Scholtissek C. Correlation of pathogenicity and gene constellation of influenza A viruses. III. Non-pathogenic recombinants derived from highly pathogenic parent strains. J. Gen. Virol. 44 (1979) 471-477
60. Schäfer J.R., Kawaoka Y., Bean W.J., Suss J., Senne D., and Webster R.G. Origin of the pandemic of 1957 H2 influenza A virus and the persistence of its possible progenitors in the avian reservoir. Virology 194 (1993) 781-788
61. Scholtissek C., and Naylor E. Fish farming and influenza pandemics. Nature (London) 331 (1988) 215
62. Scholtissek C., Rohde W., Harms E., and Rott R. Assignment of gene functions to RNA segments of influenza A2-Singapore and genetic relatedness to other influenza strains. In: Barry R.D., and Mahy B.W.J. (Eds). "Negative Strand Viruses and the Host Cell" (1978), Academic Press, London 19-25
63. Scholtissek C., Koennecke I., and Rott R. Host range recombinants of Fowl Plague (Influenza A) virus. Virology 91 (1978) 79-85
64. Scholtissek C., Burger H., Bachmann P.A., and Hannoun C. Genetic relatedness of hemagglutinins of the H1 subtype of influenza A viruses isolated from swine and birds. Virology 129 (1983) 521-523
65. Scholtissek C., Schultz U., Ludwig S., and Fitch W.M. The role of swine in the origin of pandemic influenza. In: Hannoun C. (Ed). "Options for the Control of Influenza-II" (1993), Elsevier, New York 193-201
66. Shope R.E. Swine influenza. III. Filtration experiments and etiology. J. Exp. Med. 54 (1931) 373-380
67. Shope R.E. Swine influenza. In: Dunne H.W. (Ed). "Diseases of Swine". 1 (1958), Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames 81-91
68. Shortridge K.F. Avian influenza A viruses of Southern China and Hong Kong: Ecological aspects and implications for man. Bull. WHO 60 (1982) 129-135
69. Shortridge K.F. Pandemic influenza: A zoonosis? Semin. Resp. Infect. 7 (1992) 11-25
70. Shortridge K.F. The next pandemic influenza virus?. Lancet 346 (1995) 1210-1212
71. Shortridge K.F., and Stuart-Harris C.H. An influenza epicentre?. Lancet 2 (1982) 812-813
72. Shortridge K.F., and Webster R.G. Geographical distribution of swine (Hsw1N1) and Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus variants in pigs in Southeast Asia. Intervirology 11 (1979) 9-15
73. Shu L.L., Sharp G.B., Lin Y.P., Claas E.C.J., Krauss S.L., Shortridge K.F., and Webster R.G. Genetic reassortment in pandemic and interpandemic influenza viruses. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 12 (1996) 63-70
74. Smirnov Y.A., Kuznetsova M.A., and Kaverin N.V. The genetic aspects of influenza virus filamentous particle formation. Arch. Virol. 118 (1991) 279-284
75. Smith W., Andrewes C.H., and Laidlaw P.P. A virus obtained from influenza patients. Lancet 1 (1933) 66-68
76. Snyder M.H., Buckler-White A.J., London W.T., Tierney E.L., and Murphy B.R. The avian influenza virus nucleoprotein gene and a specific constellation of avian and human virus polymerase genes each specify attenuation of avian/human influenza A/Pintail/79 reassortant viruses from monkeys. J. Virol. 61 (1987) 2857-2863
77. Stevens D.J., Douglas A.R., Skehel J.J., and Wiley D.C. Antigenic and amino acid sequence analysis of the variants of H1N1 influenza virus in 1986. Bull. WHO 65 (1987) 177-180
78. Stieneke-Gröber A., Vey M., Angliker H., Shaw E., Thomas G., Roberts C., Klenk H.-D., and Garten W. Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multi basic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease. EMBO J. 11 (1992) 2407-2414
79. Süss J., Schafer J., Sinnecker H., and Webster R.G. Influenza virus subtypes in aquatic birds of eastern Germany. Arch. Virol. 135 (1994) 101-114
80. Taubenberger J.K., Reid A.H., Krafft A.E., Bijwaard K.E., and Fanning T.G. Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 "Spanish" influenza virus. Science (1997) 1793-1796
81. Tian S.-F., Buckler-White A.J., London W.T., Recle L.J., Chanock R.M., and Murphy B.R. Nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes are associated with restriction of replication of influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus and its reassortants in squirrel monkey respiratory tract. J. Virol. 53 (1985) 771-775
82. Walker J.A., Sakaguchi T., Matsuda Y., Yoshida T., and Kawaoka Y. Location and character of the cellular enzyme that cleaves the hemagglutinin of a virulent avian influenza virus. Virology 190 (1992) 278-287
83. Wang M.-L., Skehel J.J., and Wiley D.C. Comparative analyses of the specificities of anti-influenza hemagglutinin antibodies in human sera. J. Virol. 57 (1986) 124-128
84. Webster N. "A Brief History of Epidemic and Pestilential Diseases," 2 (1800), G. Woodall, London 39 Section 12
85. Webster R.G., and Laver W.G. Determination of the number of nonoverlapping antigenic areas on Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus hemagglutinin with monoclonal antibodies and the selection of variants with potential epidemiological significance. Virology 104 (1980) 139-148
86. Webster R.G., Campbell C.H., and Granoff A. The "in vivo" production of "new" influenza A viruses. Virology 44 (1971) 317-328
87. Webster R.G., Geraci J.R., Petursson G., and Skirnisson K. Conjunctivitis in human beings caused by influenza A virus of seals. N. Engl. J. Med. 304 (1981) 911
88. Webster R.G., Bean W.J., Gorman O.T., Chambers T.M., and Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol. Rev. 56 (1992) 152-179
89. WHO Memorandum. A revised system of nomenclature for influenza viruses. Bull. WHO 58 (1980) 585-591
90. Wiley D.C., Wilson I.A., and Skehel J.J. Structural identification of the antibody-binding sites of Hong Kong influenza hemagglutinin and their involvement in antigenic variation. Nature (London) 289 (1981) 373-378
91. Wrigley N.G. Electron microscopy of influenza virus. Br. Med. Bull. 35 (1979) 35-38
92. Wright S.M., Kawaoka Y., Sharp G.B., Senne D.A., and Webster R.G. Interspecies transmission and reassortment of influenza A viruses in pigs and turkeys in the United States. Am. J. Epidemiol. 138 (1992) 488-497
93. Yamashita M., Krystal M., Fitch W.M., and Palese P. Influenza B virus evolution: Co-circulating lineages and comparison of evolutionary pattern with those of influenza A and C viruses. Virology 163 (1988) 112-122
94. Yewdell J.W., Webster R.G., and Gerhard W. Antigenic variation in three distinct determinants of an influenza type A hemagglutinin molecule. Nature (London) 279 (1979) 246-248
95. Zhou N., He S., Zhang T., Zou W., Shu L., Sharp G.B., and Webster R.G. Influenza infection in humans and pigs in southeastern China. Arch. Virol. 141 (1996) 649-661