Directional anxiety responses in elite and sub-elite young athletes: intensity of anxiety symptoms matters

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 853-862

  Lundqvist, C ^a   Kentta G ^a   Raglin, J S ^b  

^a SWEDISH SCHOOL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Competitive anxiety; Emotions; Measurement

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; SELF CONCEPT; SKIING; SWEDEN; SWIMMING;

ADOLESCENT; ANXIETY; ATHLETES; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES; SELF EFFICACY; SKIING; SWEDEN; SWIMMING;

EID: 77956999225     PISSN: 09057188     EISSN: 16000838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01102.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Burton D. Measuring competitive state anxiety. In: Duda J, ed. Advances in sport and exercise psychology. Morgantown: Fitness Informational Technology, 1998: 129-148.
2. Burton D, Naylor S.Is anxiety really facilitative? Reaction to the myth that cognitive anxiety always impairs performance. J Appl Sport Psychol 1997: 9: 295-302.
3. Cerin E. Anxiety versus fundamental emotions as predictors of perceived functionality of pre-competitive emotional states, threat, and challenge in individual sports. J Appl Sport Psychol 2003: 15: 223-238.
4. Cox RH, Martens MP, Russell WD.Measuring anxiety in athletics: the revised competitive state anxiety inventory-2. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2003: 25: 519-533.
5. Eubank M, Collins D.Coping with pre - and in-event fluctuations in competitive state anxiety: A longitudinal approach. J Sports Sci 2000: 18: 121-131.
6. Fletcher D, Hanton S.The relationship between psychological skills usage and competitive anxiety responses. Psychol Sport Exerc 2001: 2: 89-101.
7. Hanin YL. Individual zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model. Emotion-performance relationships in sport. In: Hanin YL, ed. Emotions in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000: 65-111.
8. Hanin YL. Emotions in sport: current issues and perspectives. In: Tenenbaum G, Eklund RC, eds. Handbook of sport psychology, 3rd edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2007: 31-58.
9. Hanin YL, Syrjä P.Predicted, actual and recalled affect in Olympic-level soccer players: idiographic assessments and individualized scales. J Sport Exerc Psychol 1996: 18: 325-335.
10. Hanton S, Connaughton D.Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance. Res Q Exerc Sport 2002: 73: 87-97.
11. Hanton S, Jones G.Antecedents of intensity and direction dimensions of competitive anxiety as a function of skill. Psychol Rep 1997: 81: 1139-1147.
12. Hanton S, Jones G.The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies: I. Making butterflies fly in formation. Sport Psychol 1999: 13: 1-21.
13. Hanton S, Jones G, Mullen R.Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety as interpreted by rugby players and rifle shooters. Percept Mot Skills 2000: 90: 513-521.
14. Hanton S, Mellalieu SD, Hall R.Self-confidence and anxiety interpretation: a qualitative investigation. Psychol Sport Exerc 2004: 5: 477-495.
15. Hanton S, Mellalieu SD, Young SG.A qualitative investigation of the temporal pattern of the precompetitive anxiety response. J Sports Sci 2002: 20: 911-928.
16. Hanton S, Neil R, Mellalieu SD, Fletcher D.Competitive experience and performance status: an investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. Eur J Sport Sci 2008: 8: 143-152.
17. Hardy L. Responses to the reactants on three myths in applied consultancy work. J Appl Sport Psychol 1998: 10: 212-219.
18. Jones G. Recent developments and current issues in competitive state anxiety research. Sport Psychol 1991: 4: 152-155.
19. Jones G. More than just a game: research developments and issues in competitive state anxiety in sport. Br J Psychol 1995: 86: 449-478.
20. Jones G, Hanton S.Interpretation of competitive state anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectancies. J Sport Exerc Psychol 1996: 18: 144-157.
21. Jones G, Hanton S.Pre-competitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations. J Sports Sci 2001: 19: 385-395.
22. Jones G, Hanton S, Swain A.Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non-elite sports performers. Pers Individ Dif 1994: 17: 657-663.
23. Jones G, Swain A.Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness. Percept Mot Skills 1992: 74: 467-472.
24. Jones G, Swain A.Predispositions to experience debilitative and facilitative anxiety in elite and non-elite performers. Sport Psychol 1995: 9: 201-211.
25. Jones G, Swain A, Hardy L.Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. J Sport Sci 1993: 11: 525-532.
26. Krane V. The mental readiness form as a measure of competitive state anxiety. Sport Psychol 1994: 8: 189-202.
27. Lazarus R. How emotions influence performance in competitive sports. Sport Psychol 2000: 14: 229-252.
28. Lundqvist C, Hassmén P.Competitive state anxiety inventory-2: evaluating the Swedish version by confirmatory factor analyses. J Sports Sci 2005: 23: 727-736.
29. Martens R, Burton D, Vealey RS, Bump L, Smith DE.Development and validation of the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In: Martens R, Vealey RS, Burton D, eds. Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1990: 117-213.
30. Mellalieu SD, Hanton S, Fletcher D.A competitive anxiety review: recent directions in sport psychology research. In: Hanton S, Mellalieu SD, eds. Literature reviews in sport psychology. New York: Nova Sciences, 2006a: 1-45.
31. Mellalieu SD, Hanton S, Jones G.Emotional labeling and competitive anxiety in preparation and competition. Sport Psychol 2003: 17: 157-174.
32. Mellalieu SD, Hanton S, O'Brian M.Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2004: 14: 326-334.
33. Mellalieu SD, Neil R, Hanton S.An investigation of the mediating effects of self-confidence between anxiety intensity and direction. Res Q Exerc Sport 2006b: 77: 263-270.
34. Perry JD, Williams JM.Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive trait anxiety to skill level and gender in tennis. Sport Psychol 1998: 12: 169-179.
35. Pijpers JR, Oudejans RRD, Holsheimer F, Bakker FC.Anxiety-performance relationships in climbing: a process-oriented approach. Psychol Sport Exerc 2003: 4: 283-304.
36. Raglin JS, Hanin YL.Competitive anxiety in sport. In: Hanin YL, ed. Emotions in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2000: 93-111.
37. Robazza C, Pellizzari M, Berollo M, Hanin YL.Functional impact of emotions on athletic performance: comparing the IZOF model and the directional perception approach. J Sports Sci 2008: 26: 1033-1047.
38. Woodman T, Hardy L.Stress and anxiety. In: Singer RN, Hausenblas HA, Janelle M, eds. Handbook of sport psychology, 2nd edn. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2001: 290-318.