A qualitative investigation of the temporal patterning of the precompetitive anxiety response

Journal of Sports Sciences

Volumn 20, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 911-928

  Hanton, Sheldon ^a   Mellalieu, Stephen D ^a   Young, Stuart G ^a  

^a CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Competitive anxiety; Direction; Frequency; Intensity; Temporal patterning

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; COGNITION; COMPETITION; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DATA ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS; EXPERIENCE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTERVIEW; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTION; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; SELF CONCEPT; STRESS; SYMPTOM;

ADULT; ANXIETY; COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR; DATA COLLECTION; HUMANS; MALE; SELF CONCEPT; SPORTS; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 0036838335     PISSN: 02640414     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/026404102320761804     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 377, 122-147.
2. Brewer B.W., Van-Raalte, J.L., Linder, D.E. and Van-Raalte, N.S. (1991). Peak performance and the perils of retrospective introspection. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 227-238.
3. Burton, D. (1998). Measuring competitive state anxiety. In Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement (edited by J. Duda), pp. 129-148. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
4. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F. (1988). A control-process perspective on anxiety. Anxiety Research, 1, 17-22.
5. Cerin, E., Szabo, A., Hunt, N. and Williams, C. (2000). Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: a critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 605-626.
6. Christianson, S.A. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284-309.
7. Edwards, T., Kingston, K., Hardy, L. and Gould, D. (2002). A qualitative analysis of catastrophic performances and the associated thoughts, feelings, and emotions. The Sport Psychologist, 16, 1-19.
8. Eysenck, M.W. and Calvo, M.G. (1992). Anxiety and performance: the processing efficiency theory. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 409-434.
9. Fletcher, D. and Hanton, S. (2001). The relationship between psychological skills usage and competitive anxiety responses. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2, 89-101.
10. Gould, D., Eklund, R.C., and Jackson, S.A. (1993). Coping strategies used by U.S. Olympic wrestlers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64, 83-93.
11. Gould, D., Petlichkoff, L. and Weinberg, R.S. (1984). Antecedents of temporal changes in and relationships between CSAI-2 components. Journal of Sport Psychology, 6, 289-304.
12. Hall, H.K., Kerr, A.W. and Mathews, J. (1998). Precompetitive anxiety in sport: the contribution of achievement goals and perfectionism. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20, 194-217.
13. Hanin, Y.L. (1997). Emotions and athletic performance: individual zones of optimal functioning model. In European Yearbook of Sport Psychology (edited by R. Seiler), pp. 29-72. St. Augustin, Germany: Academia.
14. Hanin, Y.L. (ed.) (2000). Emotions in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
15. Hanton, S. and Connaughton, D. (2002). Perceived control of anxiety and its relationship to self-confidence and performance: a qualitative inquiry. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 73, 87-97.
16. Hanton, S. and Jones, G. (1997). Antecedents of intensity and direction dimensions of competitive anxiety as a function of skill. Psychological Reports, 81, 1139-1147.
17. Hanton S. and Jones, G. (1999a). The acquisition and development of cognitive skills and strategies. I: Making the butterflies fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 1-21.
18. Hanton, S. and Jones, G. (1999b). The effects of a multimodal intervention program on performers. II: Training the butterflies to fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 22-41.
19. Hanton, S., Jones, G. and Mullen, R. (2000). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as interpreted by rugby players and rifle shooters. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 90, 513-521.
20. Hanton, S., Mellalieu, S.D. and Hall, R. (in press). Re-examining the competitive anxiety trait-state relationship. Personality and Individual Differences.
21. Hardy, L. (1996). Testing the predictions of the cusp catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 140-156.
22. Hardy, L., Jones, G. and Gould, D. (1996). Understanding Psychological Preparation for Sport: Theory and Practice of Elite Performers. Chichester: Wiley.
23. James, B. and Collins, D. (1997). Self-presentational sources of competitive stress during performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19, 17-35.
24. Jones, G. (1991). Recent developments and current issues in competitive state anxiety research. The Psychologist, 4, 152-155.
25. Jones G. (1995). More than just a game: research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 449-478.
26. Jones, G. and Cale, A. (1989). Relationships between multi-dimensional competitive state anxiety and motor sub-components of performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 7, 129-140.
27. Jones, G. and Hanton, S. (1996). Interpretation of competitive anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectations. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 144-157.
28. Jones, G. and Hanton, S. (2001). Precompetitive feeling states and directional anxiety interpretations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19, 385-395.
29. Jones, G. and Swain, A.B.J. (1992). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with competitiveness. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 467-472.
30. Jones, G., Swain, A.B.J. and Cale, A. (1990). Antecedents of multidimensional competitive state anxiety and self-confidence in elite intercollegiate middle distance runners. The Sport Psychologist, 4, 107-118.
31. Jones, G., Swain, A.B.J. and Cale, A. (1991). Gender differences in precompetition temporal patterning and antecedents of anxiety and self-confidence. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 1-15.
32. Jones, G., Swain, A.B.J. and Hardy, L. (1993). Intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety and relationships with performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 525-532.
33. Jones, G., Hanton, S. and Swain, A.B.J. (1994). Intensity and interpretation of anxiety symptoms in elite and non-elite sports performers. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 657-663.
34. Krane, V. and Williams, J.M. (1987). Performance and somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and confidence changes prior to competition. Journal of Sport Behaviour, 10, 47-56.
35. Lincoln, Y.S. and Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
36. Martens, R., Burton, D., Vealey, R.S., Bump, L.A. and Smith, D.E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). In Competitive Anxiety in Sport (edited by R. Martens, R.S. Vealey and D. Burton), pp. 117-213. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
37. Mellalieu, S.D., Hanton, S. and Jones, G. (in press). Emotional labelling and competitive anxiety in preparation and competition. The Sport Psychologist.
38. Miles, M.B. and Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
39. Ntoumanis, N. and Jones, G. (1998). Interpretation of competitive trait anxiety symptoms as a function of self-control beliefs. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29, 99-114.
40. Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, 2nd edn. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
41. Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd edn. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
42. Perry, J.D. and Williams, J.M. (1998). Relationship of intensity and direction of competitive trait anxiety to skill level and gender in tennis. The Sport Psychologist, 12, 169-179.
43. Rychta, T. (1982). Sport as a human personality development factor. In Mental Training for Coaches and Athletes (edited by T. Orlick, J. Partington and J. Salmela), pp. 101-102. Ottawa, Ontario: Coaching Association of Canada.
44. Scanlan, T.K., Stein, G.L. and Ravizza, K. (1989). An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: Part 3. Sources of stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13, 102-120.
45. Swain, A.B.J. and Jones, G. (1993). Intensity and frequency dimensions of competitive state anxiety. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 533-542.
46. Swain, A.B.J. and Jones, G. (1996). Explaining performance variance: the relative contributions of intensity and direction dimensions of competitive state anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 9, 1-18.
47. Thomas, O., Hanton, S. and Jones, G. (in press). An alternative approach to short-form self-report assessment of competitive anxiety: a research note. International Journal of Sport Psychology.
48. Ussher, M.H. and Hardy, L. (1986). The effect of competitive anxiety on a number of cognitive and motor sub-systems. Journal of Sports Sciences, 4, 232-233.
49. Wiggins, M.S. (1998). Anxiety intensity and direction: pre-performance temporal patterns and expectations in athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 10, 201-211.