A new class of semiconducting polymers for bulk heterojunction solar cells with exceptionally high performance

Accounts of Chemical Research

Volumn 43, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1227-1236

  Liang, Yongye ^a   Yu, Luping ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77956948185     PISSN: 00014842     EISSN: 15204898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ar1000296     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Lewis, N. S. Global Energy Prospective. Solar Energy Workshop; US Department of Energy: Washington, DC, 2005.
2. Hsieh, J. S. Electric Power Generation. Solar Energy Engineering; Prentice-Hall: NJ, 1986.
3. Green, M. A.; Emery, K.; King, D. L.; Igari, S.; Warta, W. Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 18) Prog. Photovoltaics 2001, 9, 287-293 (Pubitemid 32748667)
4. Brabec, C. J. Organic Photovoltaics: Technology and Market Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2004, 83, 273-292
5. DAndrade, B. W.; Forrest, S. R. White Organic Light-emitting Devices for Solid-state Lighting Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 1585-1595
6. Reineke, S.; Lindner, F.; Schwartz, G.; Seidler, N.; walzer, K.; Lussem, B.; Leo, K. White Organic Light-emitting Diodes with Fluorescent Tube Efficiency Nature 2009, 459, 234-238
7. Wu, H. B.; Ying, L.; Yang, W.; Cao, Y. Progress and Perspective of Polymer White Light-emitting Devices and Materials Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 3391-3400
8. Gunes, S.; Neugebauer, H.; Sariciftci, N. S. Conjugated Polymer-Based Organic Solar Cells Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 1324-1338 (Pubitemid 46736541)
9. Tang, C. W. Two-layer Organic Photovoltaic Cell Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 48, 183-185
10. Riede, M.; Mueller, T.; Tress, W.; Schueppel, R.; Leo, K. Small-molecule Solar Cells-Status and Perspectives Nanotechnology 2008, 19 424001
11. Xue, J. G.; Uchida, S.; Rand, B. P.; Forrest, S. R. 4.2% Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Low Series Resistances Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84, 3013-3015
12. Coakley, K. M.; McGehee, M. D. Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 4533-4542
13. Guo, J.; Liang, Y. Y.; Xiao, S. Q.; Szarko, J. M.; Sprung, M.; Mukhopadhyay, M. K.; Wang, J.; Yu, L. P.; Chen, L. X. Structure and Dynamics Correlations of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Rigid Conjugated Linear Donor-Acceptor Dyads Towards Photovoltaic Applications New J. Chem. 2009, 33, 1497-1507
14. Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J. C.; Wudl, F.; Heeger, A. J. Polymer Photovoltaic Cells: Enhanced Efficiencies via a Network of Internal Donor-Acceptor Heterojunctions Science 1995, 270, 1789-1791
15. Brabec, C. J.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Hummelen, J. C. Plastic Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11, 15-26
16. Brunetti, F. G.; Kumar, R.; Wudl, F. Organic Electronics from Perylene to Organic Photovoltaics: Painting a Brief History with a Broad Brush J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 2934-2948
17. Hummelen, J. C.; Knight, B. W.; LePeq, F.; Wudl, F.; Yao, J.; Wilkins, C. L. Preparation and Characterization of Fulleroid and Methanofullerene Derivatives J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 532-538
18. Dennler, G.; Scharber, M. C.; Brabec, C. J. Polymer-Fullerene Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 1323-1338
19. Li, G.; Shrotriya, V.; Yao, Y.; Yang, Y. Investigation of Annealing Effects and Film Thickness Dependence of Polymer Solar Cells Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 98 043704
20. Ma, W. L.; Yang, C. Y.; Gong, X.; Lee, K. H.; Heeger, A. J. Thermally Stable, Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Nanoscale Control of the Interpenetrating Network Morphology Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1617-1622
21. Reyes, R. M.; Kim, K.; Carroll, D. L. High-efficiency Photovoltaic Devices Based on Annealed Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)- propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C-61 Blends Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87 083506
22. Kim, J. Y.; Kim, S. H.; Lee, H. H.; Lee, K.; Ma, W.; Gong, X.; Heeger, A. J. New Architecture for High-efficiency Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Using Solution-based Titanium Oxide as an Optical Spacer Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 572-576 (Pubitemid 43385774)
23. Irwin, M. D.; Buchholz, D. B.; Hains, A. W.; Chang, R. P. H.; Marks, T. J. p-Type Semiconducting Nickel Oxide as an Efficiency-enhancing Anode Interfacial Layer in Polymer Bulk-hetero Junction Solar Cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 2783-2787
24. Roncali, J. Molecular Engineering of the Band Gap of pi-Conjugated Systems: Facing Technological Applications Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 1761-1775
25. Park, S. H.; Roy, A.; Beaupre, S.; Cho, S.; Coates, N.; Moon, J. S.; Moses, D.; Leclerc, M.; Lee, K.-H.; Heeger, A. J. Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Internal Quantum Efficiency Approaching 100% Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 297-302
26. Peet, J.; Kim, J. Y.; Coates, N. E.; Ma, W. L.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J.; Bazan, G. C. Efficiency Enhancement in Low-bandgap Polymer Solar Cells by Processing with Alkane Dithiols Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 497-500
27. Liang, Y. Y.; Wu, Y.; Feng, D. Q.; Tsai, S.-T.; Li, G.; Son, H. J.; Yu, L. P. Development of New Semiconducting Polymers for High Performance Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 56-57
28. Liang, Y. Y.; Feng, D. Q.; Wu, Y.; Tsai, S.-T.; Li, G.; Ray, C.; Yu, L. P. Highly Efficient Solar Cell Polymers Developed via Fine-tuning Structural and Electronic Properties J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 7792-7799
29. Liang, Y. Y.; Xu, Z.; Xia, J. B.; Tsai, S. T.; Wu, Y.; Li, G.; Ray, C.; Yu, L. P. For the Bright Future- Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency of 7.4% Adv. Mater. 2010, 22 E135-E138
30. Wudl, F.; Kobayashi, M.; Heeger, A. J. Poly(isothianaphthene) J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 3382-3384
31. Pomerantz, M.; Gu, X. M. Poly(2-decylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene). A New Soluble Low-bandgap Conducting Polymer Synth. Met. 1997, 84, 243-244
32. Lee, K. H.; Sotzing, G. A. Poly(thieno[3,4-b]thiophene). A New Stable Low Band Gap Conducting Polymer Macromolecules 2001, 34, 5746-5747
33. Yao, Y.; Liang, Y. Y.; Shrotriya, V.; Xiao, S. Q.; Yu, L. P.; Yang, Y. Plastic Near-infrared Photodetectors Utilizing Low Band Gap Polymer Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 3979-3983
34. Liang, Y. Y.; Xiao, S. Q.; Feng, D. Q.; Yu, L. P. Control in Energy Levels of Conjugated Polymers for Photovoltaic Application J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 7866-7871
35. Liang, Y. Y.; Feng, D. Q.; Guo., J. C.; Szarko, J. M.; Claire, R.; Chen, L. X.; Yu, L. P. Regioregular Oligomer and Polymer Containing Thieno[3,4- b ]thiophene Moiety for Efficient Organic Solar Cells Macromolecules 2009, 42, 1091-1098
36. Pan, H. L.; Li, Y. N.; Wu, Y. L.; Liu, P.; Ong, B. S.; Zhu, S. P.; Xu, G. Low-Temperature, Solution-Processed, High-Mobility Polymer Semiconductors for Thin-Film Transistors J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 4112-4113
37. Bao, Z. N.; Chan, W. K.; Yu, L. P. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer by the Stille Coupling Reaction Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 2-3
38. Malliaras, G. G.; Salem, J. R.; Brock, P. J.; Scott, C. Electrical Characteristics and Efficiency of Single-layer Organic Light-emitting Diodes Phys. Rev. B 1998, 58, 13411-13414
39. Goh, C.; Kline, R. J.; McGehee, M. D.; Kadnikova, E. N.; Frechet, J. M. J. Molecular-weight-dependent Mobilities in Regioregular Poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) Diodes Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86 122110
40. Yang, X. N.; Loos, J. Toward High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells: The Importance of Morphology Control Macromolecules 2007, 40, 1353-1362
41. Padinger, F.; Rittberger, R.; Sariciftci, N. S. Effects of Postproduction Treatment on Plastic Solar Cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 2003, 13, 85-88
42. Yang, X.; Loos, J.; Veenstra, S. c.; Verhees, W. J. H.; Wienk, M. M.; Kroon, J. M.; Michels, M. A. J.; Janssen, R. A. J. Nanoscale Morphology of High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 579-583 (Pubitemid 40609723)
43. Guo, J. C.; Liang, Y. Y.; Szarko, J. M.; Lee, B. D.; Son, H. H.; Rolczynski, B.; Yu, L. P.; Chen, L. X. Structure, Dynamics and Power Conversion Efficiency Correlations in a New Low Bandgap Polymer:PCBM Solar Cell J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 742-748
44. Lee, J. K.; Ma, W. L.; Brabec, C. J.; Yuen, J.; Moon, J. S.; Kim, J. Y.; Lee, K.; Bazan, G. C.; Heeger, A. J. Processing Additives for Improved Efficiency from Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3619-3623
45. Wienk, M. M.; Kroon, J. M.; Verhees, W. J. H.; Knol, J.; Hummelen, J. C.; van Hal, P. A.; Janssen, R. A. J. Efficient Methano[70]fullerene/MDMO-PPV Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2003, 42, 3371-3375
46. Chen, H. Y.; Hou, J. H.; Zhang, S. Q.; Liang, Y. Y.; Yang, G. W.; Yang, Y.; Yu, L. P.; Wu, Y.; Li, G. Polymer Solar Cells with Enhanced Open-Circuit Voltage and Efficiency Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 649-653
47. Scharber, M.; Muhlbacher, D.; Koppe, M.; Denk, P.; Waldauf, C.; Heeger, A. J.; Brabec, C. Design Rules for Donors in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells-Towards 10% Energy Conversion Efficiency Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 789-794
48. Li, G.; Yao, Y.; Yang, H. C.; Shrotriya, V.; Yang, G. W.; Yang, Y. Solvent Annealing Effect in Polymer Solar Cells Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Methanofullerenes Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 1636-1644
49. An, Z.; Wu, C. Q.; Sun, X. Dynamics of Photogenerated Polarons in Conjugated Polymers Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93 216407
50. Miranda, P. B.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J. Ultrafast Photogeneration of Charged Polarons in Conjugated Polymers Phys. Rev. B 2001, 64 081201
51. Guo, J.; She, C.; Lian, T. Ultrafast Electron Transfer between Molecule Adsorbate and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide (ATO) Nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 7095-7102
52. Hwang, I.-W.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J. Photoinduced Carrier Generation in P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Materials J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 4350-4354
53. Krebs, F. C.; Spanggaard, H. Significant Improvement of Polymer Solar Cell Stability Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 5235-5237