From catching to watching: Moving towards quality assurance of whale/dolphin watching tourism in Taiwan

Marine Policy

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 10-17

  Chen, Chung Ling ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL KAOHSIUNG UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Ecolabelling; Environmental responsibility; Taiwan; Whale dolphin watching tourism

Indexed keywords

DOLPHIN; ECOLABELING; ECOTOURISM; NATURE CONSERVATION; SUSTAINABILITY; TOURIST ATTRACTION; WHALE;

TAIWAN;

CETACEA;

EID: 77956894238     PISSN: 0308597X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.07.002     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. IWC [International Whaling Commission]. Forty-fifth report of the International Whaling Commission. Cambridge: IWC; 1994.
2. Bowett J, Hay P. Whaling and its controversies: examining the attitudes of Japan's youth. Marine Policy 2009, 33:775-783.
3. O'Connor S, Campbell R, Cortez H, Knowles T. Whale watching worldwide: tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits 2009, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth MA.
4. Hoyt E. Whale watching 2001: world tourism numbers, expenditures, and expanding socioeconomic benefits 2001, International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth MA.
5. Bejder L, Dawson SM, Harraway JA. Responses by hector's dolphins to boats and swimmers in Porpoise Bay, New Zealand. Marine Mammal Science 1999, 15(3):738-750.
6. Macleod C, Todnem R. Performance, conformance and change: towards a sustainable tourism strategy for Scotland. Sustainable Development 2007, 15:329-342.
7. Kruse S. The interactions between killer whales and boats in Johnstone Strait, B.C. Dolphin societies: discoveries and puzzles 1991, 149-159. University of California Press, Los Angeles. K. Pryor, K. Norris (Eds.).
8. Duffus DA. The recreational use of grey whales in Southern Clayoquot Sound, Canada. Applied Geography 1996, 16:179-190.
9. Williams R, Trites AW, Bain DE. Behavioural responses of killer whales (Orcinus orca) to whale-watching boats: opportunistic observations and experimental approaches. Journal of Zoology 2002, 256:255-270.
10. Jahoda M, Lafortuna LC, Biassoni N, Almirante C, Azzellino A, Panigada S, et al. Mediterranean fin whale's (Balaenoptera Physalus) response to small vessels and biopsy sampling assessed through passive tracking and timing of respiration. Marine Mammal Science 2003, 19(1):96-110.
11. Williams R, Lusseau D, Hammond PS. Estimating relative energetic costs of human disturbance to killer whales (Orcinus orca). Biological Conservation 2006, 133:301-311.
12. Garrod B, Fennell D. An analysis of whalewatching codes of conduct. Annals of Tourism Research 2004, 31(2):334-352.
13. Cardenas-Torres N, Enriquez-Andrade R, Rodriguez-Dowdell N. Community-based management through ecotourism in Bahia de los Angeles, Mexico. Fisheries Research 2007, 84:114-118.
14. Woods-Ballard AJ, Parsons ECM, Hughes AJ, Velander KA, Ladle RJ, Warburton CA. The sustainability of whale-watching in Scotland. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2003, 11(1):40-55.
15. Orams M. The effectiveness of environmental education: can we turn tourists into 'greenies'?. Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research 1997, 3:295-306.
16. Luck M. Education on marine mammal tours as agent for conservation-but do tourists want to be educated?. Ocean and Coastal Management 2003, 46:943-956.
17. Orams M. Tourist getting close to whales, is it what whale-watching is all about? Tourism Management 2000;21:561-9.
18. Valentine PS, Birtles A, Curnock M, Arnold P, Dunstan A. Getting closer to whales-passenger expectations and experiences, and the management of swim with dwarf minke whale interactions in the Great Barrier Reef. Tourism Management 2004, 25:647-655.
19. Parsons ECM, Rawles C. The resumption of whaling by Iceland and the potential negative impact in the Icelandic whale-watching market. Current Issues in Tourism 2003, 6(5):444-448.
20. Herrera GE, Hoagland P. Commercial whaling, tourism, and boycotts: an economic perspective. Marine Policy 2006, 30:261-269.
21. Higham J, Lusseau D. Slaughtering the goose that lays egg: are whaling and whale watching mutually exclusive?. Current Issues in Tourism 2008, 11(1):63-74.
22. Buckley R. Tourism ecolabels. Annals of Tourism Research 2002, 29:183-208.
23. Hu S-H. Taiwan's whaling industry vanishing into history. Fisheries Extension 1994, 93:37-44. [in Chinese].
24. Yu C-Y. Historical records of Hengchuen township (Chapter 3 Fisheries). Pingdong: Hengchuen Township Administration; 1999 [in Chinese].
25. Taipei: council of agriculture 1994, [in Chinese]. C.-I. Sha, B.-N. Sun, H.-C. Kau (Eds.).
26. Wang C-M. Conflicts between dolphins and fisheries: the dispute over dolphin conservation in Taiwan. Thesis, Institute of Journalism, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 2001 [in Chinese].
27. Yeh C-T. Interaction on cetaceans on long line and troll line fisheries at Nanfangao, Taiwan. Thesis, Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 2004 [in Chinese].
28. Liu Y-P. 2008. Dolphin and shark depredations on longline fishery from Nanfangao, northeastern Taiwan: assessment of catch damage and economic loss. Thesis, Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, 2008 [in Chinese].
29. Endo A, Yamao M. Policies governing the distribution of by-products from scientific and small-scale coastal whaling in Japan. Marine Policy 2007, 31:169-181.
30. Chou L-S. A survey of the potential for developing whale watching ecotourism in Taiwan. Taipei: Taiwan Tourism Bureau; 1998 [in Chinese].
31. Rodriguez-Dowdell N, Enriquez-Andrade R, Cardenas-Torres N. Property rights-based management: whale shark tourism in Bahia de los Angeles, Mexico. Fisheries Research 2007, 84(1):119-127.
32. Cheong S-M. Privatizing tendencies: fishing communities and tourism in Korea. Marine Policy 2003, 27:23-29.
33. Cheong S-M. Korean fishing communities in transition: limitations of community-based resource management. Environmental and Planning A 2005, 37:1277-1290.
34. TCS [Taiwan Cetacean Society]. Report of Taiwanese Whale Watching Survey. Taipei: TCS; 2008 [in Chinese].
35. Jeng H-Y, Lee Y-Y. Evaluation of the regional economic impacts of whale-watching ecotourism on Hua-Tung area in Taiwan. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2003, 73:1-34. [in Chinese].
36. TCS. Commonly sighted whales., accessed 9 April 2010. http://www.whale.org.tw.
37. Fairweather JR, Maslin C, Simmons DG. Environmental values and response to ecolabels among international visitors to New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2005, 13(1):82-98.
38. Black R, Alice C. Achieving quality in ecotourism: tools in the toolbox. Quality assurance and certification in ecotourism 2007, 16-22. CABI, Cambridge MA. R. Black, C. Alice (Eds.).
39. Font X. Environmental certification in tourism and hospitality: progress, process and prospects. Tourism Management 2002, 23:197-205.
40. Weiler B, David D. An exploratory investigation into the roles of the nature-based tour leader. Tourism Management 1993, 14:91-98.
41. Hungerford HR, Volk TL. Changing learner behavior through environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education 1990, 21(3):8-21.
42. Moscardo G. Mindful visitors: heritage and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 1996, 23:376-397.
43. Bernard H. Research Methods in anthropology: qualitative and quantitative approaches. Lanham: Altamira; 1995.
44. Sasidharan V, Font X. Pitfalls of ecolabelling. Tourism ecolabelling: certification and promotion of sustainable management 2001, 105-118. CABI, Wallingford. X. Font, R. Buckley (Eds.).
45. Lee WH, Moscardo G. Understanding the impact of ecotourism resort experiences on tourists' environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2005, 13(6):546-565.
46. Iso-Ahola SE. Motivation for leisure. Understanding leisure and recreation: mapping the past, charting the future 1989, 247-279. Venture Publishing, State College. E.L. Jackson, T.L. Burton (Eds.).
47. Sharpley R. The consumer behavior context of ecolabelling. Tourism ecolabelling: certification and promotion of sustainable management 2001, 41-55. CABI, Wallingford. X. Font, R. Buckley (Eds.).
48. Yunis E. Preface. Tourism ecolabelling: certification and promotion of sustainable management 2001, xix. CABI, Wallingford. X. Font, R. Buckley (Eds.).
49. de Groot J, Bush SR. The potential for dive tourism led entrepreneurial marine protected areas in Curacao. Marine Policy (2010), 10.1016/j.marpol.2010.03.004.