Proteolytic products of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp2 replicase protein

Journal of Virology

Volumn 84, Issue 19, 2010, Pages 10102-10112

  Han, Jun ^a   Rutherford, Mark S ^a   Faaberg, Kay S ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b NATIONAL ANIMAL DISEASE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2A; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2B; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2C; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2D; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2E; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 2F; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ISOENZYME; PEPTIDE HYDROLASE; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN; RNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS PROTEIN;

AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; ANIMAL CELL; ARTERIVIRUS; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CELL CULTURE; IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; MUTAGENESIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; ONCOGENE C MYC; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; VIROGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION; WESTERN BLOTTING; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; CHO CELL LINE; CRICETULUS; ENZYME STABILITY; ENZYMOLOGY; GENE DELETION; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENETICS; HAMSTER; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN PROCESSING; SWINE;

PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CHO CELLS; CRICETINAE; CRICETULUS; DNA, VIRAL; ENZYME STABILITY; ISOENZYMES; PEPTIDE HYDROLASES; PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; RNA REPLICASE; SEQUENCE DELETION; SWINE; TRANSFECTION; VIRAL PROTEINS; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 77956864495     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: 10985514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01208-10     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Carter, K. L., and B. Roizman. 1996. The promoter and transcriptional unit of a novel herpes simplex virus 1 alpha gene are contained in, and encode a protein in frame with, the open reading frame of the alpha 22 gene. J. Virol. 70:172-178.
2. Castón, J. R., J. L. Martinez-Torrecuadrada, A. Maraver, E. Lombardo, J. F. Rodriguez, J. I. Casal, and J. L. Carrascosa. 2001. C terminus of infectious bursal disease virus major capsid protein VP2 is involved in definition of the T number for capsid assembly. J. Virol. 75:10815-10828.
3. Cavanagh, D. 1997. Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae. Arch. Virol. 142:629-633.
4. Cho, D. Y., G. H. Yang, C. J. Ryu, and H. J. Hong. 2003. Molecular chaperone GRP78/BiP interacts with the large surface protein of hepatitis B virus in vitro and in vivo. J. Virol. 77:2784-2788.
5. Choukhi, A., S. Ung, C. Wychowski, and J. Dubuisson. 1998. Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in the folding of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins. J. Virol. 72:3851-3858. (Pubitemid 28188685)
6. Daugaard, M., M. Rohde, and M. Jaattela. 2007. The heat shock protein 70 family: highly homologous proteins with overlapping and distinct functions. FEBS Lett. 581:3702-3710.
7. de Breyne, S., R. Stalder, and J. Curran. 2005. Intracellular processing of the Sendai virus C′ protein leads to the generation of a Y protein module: structure-functional implications. FEBS Lett. 579:5685-5690.
8. den Boon, J. A., K. S. Faaberg, J. J. Meulenberg, A. L. Wassenaar, P. G. Plagemann, A. E. Gorbalenya, and E. J. Snijder. 1995. Processing and evolution of the N-terminal region of the arterivirus replicase ORF1a protein: identification of two papainlike cysteine proteases. J. Virol. 69:4500-4505.
9. Doms, R. W., R. A. Lamb, J. K. Rose, and A. Helenius. 1993. Folding and assembly of viral membrane proteins. Virology 193:545-562. (Pubitemid 223052314)
10. Dougherty, W. G., and B. L. Semler. 1993. Expression of virus-encoded proteinases: functional and structural similarities with cellular enzymes. Microbiol. Rev. 57:781-822.
11. Fang, Y., R. R. Rowland, M. Roof, J. K. Lunney, J. Christopher-Hennings, and E. A. Nelson. 2006. A full-length cDNA infectious clone of North American type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: expression of green fluorescent protein in the Nsp2 region. J. Virol. 80:11447-11455.
12. Frias-Staheli, N., N. V. Giannakopoulos, M. Kikkert, S. L. Taylor, A. Bridgen, J. Paragas, J. A. Richt, R. R. Rowland, C. S. Schmaljohn, D. J. Lenschow, E. J. Snijder, A. Garcia-Sastre, and H. W. Virgin IV. 2007. Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin- and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses. Cell Host Microbe 2:404-416.
13. Han, J., G. Liu, Y. Wang, and K. S. Faaberg. 2007. Identification of nonessential regions of the nsp2 replicase protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain VR-2332 for replication in cell culture. J. Virol. 81:9878-9890.
14. Han, J., M. S. Rutherford, and K. S. Faaberg. 2009. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp2 cysteine protease domain possesses both trans- and cis-cleavage activities. J. Virol. 83:9449-9463.
15. Han, J., Y. Wang, and K. S. Faaberg. 2006. Complete genome analysis of RFLP 184 isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 122:175-182.
16. He, B. 2006. Viruses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and interferon responses. Cell Death Differ. 13:393-403.
17. Kim, R., M. Emi, K. Tanabe, and S. Murakami. 2006. Role of the unfolded protein response in cell death. Apoptosis 11:5-13. (Pubitemid 43151639)
18. Kleizen, B., and I. Braakman. 2004. Protein folding and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 16:343-349.
19. Kou, Y. H., M. F. Chang, Y. M. Wang, T. M. Hung, and S. C. Chang. 2007. Differential requirements of NS4A for internal NS3 cleavage and polyprotein processing of hepatitis C virus. J. Virol. 81:7999-8008.
20. Lackner, T., H. J. Thiel, and N. Tautz. 2006. Dissection of a viral autoprotease elucidates a function of a cellular chaperone in proteolysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103:1510-1515.
21. Liu, F. Y., and B. Roizman. 1991. The herpes simplex virus 1 gene encoding a protease also contains within its coding domain the gene encoding the more abundant substrate. J. Virol. 65:5149-5156.
22. Liu, F. Y., and B. Roizman. 1991. The promoter, transcriptional unit, and coding sequence of herpes simplex virus 1 family 35 proteins are contained within and in frame with the UL26 open reading frame. J. Virol. 65:206-212.
23. Makarova, K. S., L. Aravind, and E. V. Koonin. 2000. A novel superfamily of predicted cysteine proteases from eukaryotes, viruses and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Trends Biochem. Sci. 25:50-52.
24. Mayer, M. P. 2005. Recruitment of Hsp70 chaperones: a crucial part of viral survival strategies. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 153:1-46.
25. Neumann, E. J., J. B. Kliebenstein, C. D. Johnson, J. W. Mabry, E. J. Bush, A. H. Seitzinger, A. L. Green, and J. J. Zimmerman. 2005. Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 227:385-392.
26. Poon, A. P., L. Benetti, and B. Roizman. 2006. U(S)3 and U(S)3.5 protein kinases of herpes simplex virus 1 differ with respect to their functions in blocking apoptosis and in virion maturation and egress. J. Virol. 80:3752-3764.
27. Ryan, M. D., S. Monaghan, and M. Flint. 1998. Virus-encoded proteinases of the Flaviviridae. J. Gen. Virol. 79(Pt. 5):947-959.
28. Snijder, E. J., and J. J. Meulenberg. 1998. The molecular biology of arteriviruses. J. Gen. Virol. 79:961-979.
29. Snijder, E. J., H. van Tol, N. Roos, and K. W. Pedersen. 2001. Non-structural proteins 2 and 3 interact to modify host cell membranes during the formation of the arterivirus replication complex. J. Gen. Virol. 82:985-994.
30. Snijder, E. J., A. L. Wassenaar, and W. J. Spaan. 1992. The 5′ end of the equine arteritis virus replicase gene encodes a papainlike cysteine protease. J. Virol. 66:7040-7048.
31. Snijder, E. J., A. L. Wassenaar, W. J. Spaan, and A. E. Gorbalenya. 1995. The arterivirus Nsp2 protease. An unusual cysteine protease with primary structure similarities to both papain-like and chymotrypsin-like proteases. J. Biol. Chem. 270:16671-16676.
32. Snijder, E. J., A. L. Wassenaar, L. C. van Dinten, W. J. Spaan, and A. E. Gorbalenya. 1996. The arterivirus nsp4 protease is the prototype of a novel group of chymotrypsin-like enzymes, the 3C-like serine proteases. J. Biol. Chem. 271:4864-4871.
33. Sulea, T., H. A. Lindner, and R. Menard. 2006. Structural aspects of recently discovered viral deubiquitinating activities. Biol. Chem. 387:853-862.
34. Sun, Y., F. Xue, Y. Guo, M. Ma, N. Hao, X. C. Zhang, Z. Lou, X. Li, and Z. Rao. 2009. Crystal structure of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus leader protease Nsp1α. J. Virol. 83:10931-10940.
35. Sun, Z., Z. Chen, S. Lawson, and Y. Fang. 2010. The cysteine protease domain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 possesses deubiquitinating and interferon antagonism functions. J. Virol. 84:7832-7846.
36. Tian, K., X. Yu, T. Zhao, Y. Feng, Z. Cao, C. Wang, Y. Hu, X. Chen, D. Hu, X. Tian, D. Liu, S. Zhang, X. Deng, Y. Ding, L. Yang, Y. Zhang, H. Xiao, M. Qiao, B. Wang, L. Hou, X. Wang, X. Yang, L. Kang, M. Sun, P. Jin, S. Wang, Y. Kitamura, J. Yan, and G. F. Gao. 2007. Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark. PLoS One 2:e526.
37. van Aken, D., J. Zevenhoven-Dobbe, A. E. Gorbalenya, and E. J. Snijder. 2006. Proteolytic maturation of replicase polyprotein pp1a by the nsp4 main proteinase is essential for equine arteritis virus replication and includes internal cleavage of nsp7. J. Gen. Virol. 87:3473-3482.
38. van Hemert, M. J., and E. J. Snijder. 2007. The arterivirus replicase, p. 83-101. In S. Perlman, T. Gallagher, and E. J. Snijder (ed.), Nidoviruses. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
39. Vidal, S., J. Curran, and D. Kolakofsky. 1990. Editing of the Sendai virus P/C mRNA by G insertion occurs during mRNA synthesis via a virus-encoded activity. J. Virol. 64:239-246.
40. Yan, Y., X. Guo, X. Ge, Y. Chen, Z. Cha, and H. Yang. 2007. Monoclonal antibody and porcine antisera recognized B-cell epitopes of Nsp2 protein of a Chinese strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virus Res. 126:207-215.
41. Zhou, Y. J., X. F. Hao, Z. J. Tian, G. Z. Tong, D. Yoo, T. Q. An, T. Zhou, G. X. Li, H. J. Qiu, T. C. Wei, and X. F. Yuan. 2008. Highly virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in China. Transbound. Emerg. Dis. 55:152-164.
42. Ziebuhr, J., E. J. Snijder, and A. E. Gorbalenya. 2000. Virus-encoded proteinases and proteolytic processing in the Nidovirales. J. Gen. Virol. 81:853-879.