Effects of Parasites on Fish Behaviour: Interactions With Host Physiology

Fish Physiology

Volumn 24, Issue C, 2005, Pages 109-149

  Barber, Iain ^a   Wright, Hazel A ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TELEOSTEI;

EID: 77956735810     PISSN: 15465098     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1546-5098(05)24004-9     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. Ackman R.G., and Gjelstad R.T. Gas-chromatographic resolution of isomeric pentanols and pentanones in the identification of volatile alcohols and ketones in the codworm Terranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878). Anal. Biochem. 67 (1975) 684-687
2. Adamo S.A. How parasites alter the behaviour of their insect hosts. In: Beckage N.E. (Ed). "Parasites and pathogens: Effects on host hormones and behaviour" (1997), Chapman and Hall, New York 231-245
3. Adamo S.A. Modulating the modulators: Parasites, neuromodulators and host behavioural change. Brain Behav. Evolut. 60 (2002) 370-377
4. Adlerstein S.A., and Dorn M.W. The effect of Kudoa paniformis infection on the reproductive effort of female Pacific hake. Can. J. Zool. 76 (1998) 2285-2289
5. Ali M., Nicieza A., and Wootton R.J. Compensatory growth in fishes: A response to growth depression. Fish Fisheries 4 (2003) 147-190
6. Arme C. Effects of the plerocercoid larvae of a pseudophyllidean cestode, Ligula intestinalis, on the pituitary gland and gonads of its host. Biol. Bull. 134 (1968) 15-25
7. Arme C. Ligula intestinalis: Interactions with the pituitary-gonadal axis of its fish host. J. Helminthol. 71 (1997) 83-84
8. Arme C., and Owen R.W. Infections of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., with the plerocercoid larvae of Schistocephalus solidus with special reference to pathological effects. Parasitology 57 (1967) 301-304
9. Arnott S.A., Barber I., and Huntingford F.A. Parasite-associated growth enhancement in a fish-cestode system. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B. Bio. 267 (2000) 657-663
10. Ashworth J.H., and Bannerman J.C.W. On a tetracotyle (T. phoxini) in the brain of the minnow. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin. 55 (1927) 159-171
11. Barber I. A non-invasive morphometric technique to estimate the cestode plerocercoid load of small freshwater fishes. J. Fish Biol. 51 (1997) 654-658
12. Barber I., and Huntingford F.A. The effect of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the foraging and shoaling behaviour of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Behaviour 132 (1995) 1223-1240
13. Barber I., and Huntingford F.A. Parasite infection impairs schooling behaviour: Spatial deviance of helminth-infected minnows in conspecific groups. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 263 (1996) 1095-1102
14. Barber I., and Crompton D.W.T. The distribution of Diplostomum phoxini metacercariae (Trematoda) in the brain of minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus). Folia Parasit. 44 (1997) 19-25
15. Barber I., and Ruxton G.D. Temporal prey distribution affects the competitive ability of parasitised sticklebacks. Anim. Behav. 58 (1998) 1477-1483
16. Barber I., and Svensson P.A. Effects of experimental Schistocephalus solidus infections on growth, morphology and sexual development of female three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Parasitology 126 (2003) 359-367
17. Barber I., Huntingford F.A., and Crompton D.W.T. The effect of hunger and cestode parasitism on the shoaling decisions of small freshwater fish. J. Fish Biol. 47 (1995) 524-536
18. Barber I., Downey L.C., and Braithwaite V.A. Parasitism, oddity and the mechanism of shoal choice. J. Fish Biol. 52 (1998) 1365-1368
19. Barber I., Hoare D., and Krause J. The effects of parasites on fish behaviour: An evolutionary perspective and review. Rev. Fish Biol. Fisher 10 (2000) 131-165
20. Barber I., Walker P., and Svensson P.A. Behavioural responses to simulated avian predation in female three-spined sticklebacks: The effect of experimental Schistocephalus infections. Behaviour 141 (2004) 1425-1440
21. Barnard C.J., and Behnke J.M. "Parasitism and Host Behaviour." (1990), Taylor and Francis, London
22. Barrett J., Jeffries J.R., and Brophy P.M. Parasite proteomics. Parasitol. Today 16 (2000) 400-403
23. Bean C.W., and Winfield I.J. Influences of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis (L.) on the spatial distributions of juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) and Gudgeon Gobio gobio (L.) in Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland. Neth. Jnl. Zool. 42 (1992) 416-423
24. Bethel W.M., and Holmes J.C. Altered evasive behaviour and responses to light in amphipods harbouring acanthocephalan cystacanths. J. Parasitol. 59 (1973) 945-956
25. Birkeland K. Consequences of premature return by sea trout (Salmo trutta) infested with the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis Kroyer): Migration, growth, and mortality. Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci. 53 (1996) 2808-2813
26. Birkeland K., and Jakobsen P.J. Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infestation as a causal agent of premature return to rivers and estuaries by sea trout, Salmo trutta, juveniles. Environ. Biol. Fish 49 (1997) 129-137
27. Bjørn P.A., Finstad B., and Kristoffersen R. Salmon lice infection of wild sea trout and Arctic char in marine and freshwaters: The effects of salmon farms. Aquaculture Res. 32 (2001) 947-962
28. Blake R.W. "Fish Locomotion." (1983), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
29. Bleckmann H. Role of the lateral line in fish behaviour. In: Pitcher T.J. (Ed). "Behaviour of Teleost Fishes" (1993), Chapman and Hall, London 201-246
30. Bone Q., Marshall N.B., and Blaxter J.H.S. "Biology of Fishes". 2nd ed. (1995), Chapman and Hall, London
31. Boyce N.P. Effects of Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the growth and vitality of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Can. J. Zool. 57 (1979) 597-602
32. Boyce N.P., and Clarke W.C. Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) impairs seawater adaptation of migrant sockeye salmon yearlings (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Babine Lake, British Columbia. Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci. 40 (1983) 821-824
33. Brassard P., Rau M.E., and Curtis M.A. Parasite-induced susceptibility to predation in diplostomiasis. Parasitology 85 (1982) 495-501
34. Bremner A.A., Trippel E.A., and Terhune J.M. Sound production by adult haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, in isolation, pairs and trios. Env. Biol. Fish 65 (2002) 359-362
35. Brønmark C., and Hansson L.A. Chemical communication in aquatic systems: An introduction. Oikos 88 (2000) 103-109
36. Brown G.E., and Smith R.J.F. Fathead minnows use chemical cues to discriminate natural shoalmates from unfamiliar conspecifics. J. Chem. Ecol. 20 (1994) 3051-3061
37. Bunnajirakul S., Steinhagen D., Hetzel U., Korting W., and Drommer W. A study of sequential histopathology of Trypanoplasma borreli (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) in susceptible common carp Cyprinus carpio. Dis. Aq. Org. 39 (2000) 221-229
38. Bush A.O., Fernández J.C., Esch. G.W., and Seed R. "Parasitism: The diversity and ecology of animal parasites." (2001), CUP, Cambridge, UK
39. Butler J.A., and Millemann R.E. Effect of the "salmon poisoning" trematode, Nanophyetus salmincola on the swimming ability of juvenile salmonid fishes. J. Parasitol. 57 (1971) 860-865
40. Candolin U., and Voigt H.-R. No effect of a parasite on reproduction in stickleback males: A laboratory artefact?. Parasitology 122 (2001) 457-464
41. Chappell L.H., Hardie L.J., and Secombes C.J. Diplostomiasis: The disease and host-parasite interactions. In: Pike A.W., and Lewis J.W. (Eds). "Parasitic Diseases of Fish" (1994), Samara Publishing, Dyfed, UK 59-86
42. Chen M., and Power G. Infection of American smelt in Lake Ontario and Lake Erie with the microsporidian parasite Glugea hertwigi. Can. J. Zool. 50 (1972) 1183-1188
43. Chivers D.P., and Smith R.J.R. The role of olfaction in chemosensory-based predator recognition in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. J. Chem. Ecol. 19 (1993) 623-633
44. Coleman F.C. Morphological and physiological consequences of parasites encysted in the bulbus arteriosis of an estuarine fish, the sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus. J. Parasitol. 79 (1993) 247-254
45. Cox F.E.G. Immunology. In: Cox F.E.G. (Ed). "Modern Parasitology". 3rd edn. (1994), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 193-218
46. Coyner D.F., Schaack S.R., Spalding M.G., and Forrester D.J. Altered predation susceptibility of mosquitofish infected with Eustrongylides ignotus. J. Wildl. Dis. 37 (2001) 556-560
47. Crowden A.E. Diplostomum spathaceum in the Thames; occurrence and effects on fish behaviour. Parasitology 73 (1976) vii
48. Crowden A.E., and Broom D.M. Effects of the eyefluke, Diplostomum-spathaceum, on the behaviour of dace (Leuciscus leuciscus). Anim. Behav. 28 (1980) 287-294
49. Cunningham E.J., Tierney J.F., and Huntingford F.A. Effects of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus on food intake and foraging decisions in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Ethology 79 (1994) 65-75
50. Damsgård B., and Dill L.M. Risk-taking behaviour in weight-compensating coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. Behav. Ecol. 9 (1998) 26-32
51. Dawson L.H.J., Pike A.W., Houlihan D.F., and McVicar A.H. Changes in physiological parameters and feeding behaviour of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar infected with sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Dis. Aquat. Org. 35 (1999) 89-99
52. Dence W.A. Studies on Ligula-infected common shiners (Notropis cornutus frontinalis Agassiz) in the Adirondacks. J. Parasitol. 44 (1958) 334-338
53. De Pedro N., Pinillos M.L., Valenciano A.I., Alonso-Bedate M., and Delgado M.J. Inhibitory effect of serotonin on feeding behaviour in goldfish: Involvement of CRF. Peptides 19 (1998) 505-511
54. Dezfuli B.S., Arrighi S., Domeneghini C., and Bosi G. Immunohistochemical detection of neuromodulators in the intestine of Salmo trutta L. naturally infected with Cyathocephalus truncatus Pallas (Cestoda). J. Fish Dis. 23 (2000) 265-273
55. Dezfuli B.S., Pironi F., Giari L., Domeneghini C., and Bosi G. Effect of Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala) on putative neuromodulators in the intestine of naturally infected Salmo trutta. Dis. Aquat. Org. 51 (2002) 27-35
56. Dezfuli B.S., Giari L., Konecny R., Jaeger P., and Manera M. Immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure and pathology of gills of Abramis brama from Lake Mondsee, Austria, infected with Ergasilus sieboldi (Copepoda). Dis. Aquat. Org. 53 (2003) 257-262
57. Dogiel V.A., Petrushevski G.K., and Polyanski Y.I. "Parasitology of Fishes." (1961), Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh and London 384 (Translation from Russian:
58. Dogiel V.A., Petrushevski G.K., and Polyanski Y.I. "Basic Problems of the Parasitology of Fishes" (1958), Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, Leningrad )
59. Dobson A.P. The population biology of parasite-induced changes in host behaviour. Quart. Rev. Biol. 63 (1988) 139-165
60. Donald J.A. Autonomic Nervous System. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "The Physiology of Fishes,". 2nd edn. (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton 407-439
61. Donnelly R.E., and Reynolds J.D. Occurrence and distribution of the parasitic copepod Leposphilus labrei on corkwing wrasse (Crenilabrus melops) from Mulroy Bay, Ireland. J. Parasitol. 80 (1994) 331-332
62. Erasmus D.A. The migration of Cercaria X Baylis (Strigeida) within the fish intermediate host. Parasitology 48 (1959) 312-335
63. Fernald R.D. Vision. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "The Physiology of Fishes" (1993), CRC Press, Boca Raton 161-190
64. Finley R.J., and Forrester G.E. Impact of ectoparasites on the demography of a small reef fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 248 (2003) 305-309
65. Von Frisch K. Zur Psychologie des Fische-Schwarmes. Naturwissenschaften 26 (1938) 601-606
66. Gallaugher P., Thorarensen H., and Farrell A.P. Haematocrit in oxygen transport and swimming in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Resp. Phys. 102 (1995) 279-292
67. Giles N. Behavioural effects of the parasite Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on an intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Anim. Behav. 31 (1983) 1192-1194
68. Giles N. A comparison of the behavioural responses of parasitised and non-parasitised three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., to progressive hypoxia. J. Fish Biol. 30 (1987) 631-638
69. Godin J.G.J., and Sproul C.D. Risk taking in parasitised sticklebacks under threat of predation: Effects of energetic need and food availability. Can. J. Zool. 66 (1988) 2360-2367
70. Grabda J. Marine fish parasitology: An outline. (1991), PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw
71. Griffiths S.W. Learned recognition of conspecifics by fishes. Fish Fish 4 (2003) 256-268
72. Grimnes A., and Jakobsen P.J. The physiological effects of salmon lice infection on post-smolt of Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 48 (1996) 1179-1194
73. Grossel G.W., Dykova I., Handlinger J., and Munday B.L. Pentacapsula neurophila sp. (Multivalvulida) from the central nervous system of striped trumpeter, Latris lineata (Forster). J. Fish Dis. 26 (2003) 315-320
74. Grutter A.S. Cleaner fish really do clean. Nature 398 (1999) 672-673
75. Handeland S.O., Järvi T., Fernö A., and Stefansson S.O. Osmotic stress, antipredator behaviour, and mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Can. J. Fish. Aq. Sci. 53 (1996) 2673-2680
76. Hara T.J. "Fish Chemoreception." (1992), Chapman and Hall, London
77. Hara T.J. Role of olfaction in fish behaviour. In: Pitcher T.J. (Ed). "Behaviour of Teleost Fishes" (1993), Chapman and Hall, London 171-200
78. Harris M.T., and Wheeler A. Ligula infestation of bleak Alburnus alburnus (L.) in the tidal Thames. J. Fish Biol. 6 (1974) 181-188
79. Hart B. Behavioural adaptations to pathogens and parasites: Five strategies. Neuro. Biobehav. Rev. 14 (1990) 273-294
80. Hawkins A.D. Underwater sound and fish behaviour. In: Pitcher T.J. (Ed). "Behaviour of Teleost Fishes" (1993), Chapman and Hall, London 129-169
81. Hawkins A.D., and Amorim M.C.P. Spawning sounds of the male haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Env. Biol. Fish 59 (2000) 29-41
82. Hayward C.J. Copepods of the genus Colobomatus (Poecilostomatoida: Philichthyidae) from fishes of the family Sillaginidae (Tereostei: Perciformes). J. Nat. Hist. 30 (1996) 1779-1798
83. Heins D.C., and Baker J.A. Reduction in egg size in natural populations of threespine stickleback infected with a cestode macroparasite. J. Parasitol. 89 (2003) 1-6
84. Heins D.C., Singer S.S., and Baker J.A. Virulence of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and reproduction in infected threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Can. J. Zool. 77 (1999) 1967-1974
85. Helluy S.M., and Holmes J.C. Serotonin, octopamine and the clinging behaviour induced by the parasite Polymorphus paradoxus (Acanthocephala) in Gammarus lacustris (Crustacea). Can. J. Zool. 68 (1990) 1214-1220
86. Helluy S., and Thomas F. Effects of Microphallus papillorobustus (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) on serotonergic immunoreactivity and neuronal architecture in the brain of Gammarus insensibilis (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 270 (2003) 563-568
87. Hoekstra D., and Janssen J. Non-visual feeding behaviour of the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi, in Lake Michigan. Env. Biol. Fishes 12 (1985) 111-117
88. Holmes J.C., and Zohar S. Pathology and host behaviour. In: Barnard C.J., and Behnke J.M. (Eds). "Parasitism and Host Behaviour" (1990), Taylor and Francis, London, UK 193-229
89. Hudson P.J., and Dobson A.P. Host-parasite processes and demographic consequences. In: Clayton D.H., and Moore J. (Eds). "Host-parasite evolution: General principles and avian models" (1997), Oxford University Press, Oxford 128-154
90. Huizinga H.W., and Nadakavukaren M.J. Cellular responses of goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), to metacercariae of Ribeiroia marini (Faust and Hoffman, 1934). J. Fish Dis. 20 (1997) 401-408
91. Hurd H. Physiological and behavioural interactions between parasites and invertebrate hosts. Adv. Parasitol. 29 (1990) 271-318
92. Ishimatsu A., Sameshima M., Tamura A., and Oda T. Histological analysis of the mechanisms of Chatonella-induced hypoxemia in yellowtail. Fish. Sci. 62 (1996) 50-58
93. Jobling S., and Tyler C.R. Endocrine disruption, parasites and pollutants in wild freshwater fish. Parasitology 126 (2003) S103-S108
94. Jones D.R. The effect of hypoxia and anaemia on the swimming performance of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J. Exp. Biol. 55 (1971) 541-551
95. Jones K.A. Food search behaviour in fish and the use of chemical lures in commercial and sports fishing. In: Hara T.J. (Ed). "Fish Chemoreception" (1992), Chapman and Hall, London 288-319
96. Jönsson E., Johnsson J.I., and Thrandur Bjornsson B. Growth hormone increases risk-taking in foraging rainbow trout. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 839 (1998) 636-638
97. Kabata Z. "Parasitic Copepoda of British Fishes." (1979), Ray Society, London
98. Karlsbakk E. The occurrence of metacercariae of Bucephaloides gracilescens (Digenea, Gasterostomata) in an intermediate host, the 4-bearded rockling, Enchelyopus cimbrius (Gadidae). J. Fish Biol. 46 (1995) 18-27
99. Karnaky Jr. K.J. Osmotic and ionic regulation. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "The Physiology of Fishes". 2nd edn. (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton 157-176
100. Kavaliers M., and Colwell D.D. Parasite infection attenuates non-opioid mediated predator-induced analgesia in mice. Phys. Behav. 55 (1994) 505-510
101. Kavaliers M., and Colwell D.D. Odours of parasitised males induce adverse responses in female mice. Anim. Behav. 50 (1995) 1161-1169
102. Kavaliers M., Colwell D.D., and Choleris E. Analgesic responses of male mice exposed to the odours of parasitised females: Effects of male sexual experience and infection status. Behav. Neurosci. 112 (1998) 1001-1011
103. Kavaliers M., Colwell D.D., and Choleris E. Parasites and behaviour: An ethopharmacological analysis and biomedical implications. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 23 (1998) 1037-1045
104. Kennedy C.E.J., Endler J.A., Poynton S.L., and McMinn H. Parasite load predicts mate choice in guppies. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21 (1987) 291-295
105. Kirk R.S. The impact of Anguillicola crassus on European eels. Fish. Man. Ecol. 10 (2003) 385-394
106. Krause J., and Godin J.-G.J. Influence of parasitism on shoal choice in the banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus, Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae). Ethology 102 (1996) 40-49
107. Krebs J.R., and Davies N.B. The evolution of behavioural ecology. In: Krebs J.R., and Davies N.B. (Eds). "Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach,". 4th edn. (1997), Blackwell Science, Oxford 3-14
108. Kreirer J.P., and Baker J.R. "Parasitic Protozoa." (1987), Allen and Unwin, Boston
109. Lacosta S., Merali Z., and Anisman H. Central monoamine activity following acute and repeated systemic interleukin-2 administration. Neuroimmunomodulation 8 (2000) 83-90
110. Lafferty K.D., and Morris A.K. Altered behaviour of parasitised killifish increases susceptibility to predation by bird final hosts. Ecology 77 (1996) 1390-1397
111. Le Bail P.Y., and Boeuf G. What hormones may regulate food intake in fish?. Aq. Liv. Res. 10 (1997) 371-379
112. Lester R.J.G. The influence of Schistocephalus plerocercoids on the respiration of Gasterosteus and a possible resulting effect on the behaviour of the fish. Can. J. Zool. 49 (1971) 361-366
113. Levin B.E., and Routh V.H. Role of the brain in energy balance and obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Reg. Int. Comp. Physiol. 271 (1996) R491-R500
114. LoBue C.P., and Bell M.A. Phenotypic manipulation by the cestode parasite Schistocephalus solidus of its intermediate host, Gasterosteus aculeatus, the threespine stickleback. Am. Nat. 142 (1993) 725-735
115. Longshaw M., Frear P., and Feist S.W. Myxobolus buckei sp n. (Myxozoa), a new pathogenic parasite from the spinal column of three cyprinid fishes from the United Kingdom. Folia Parasitol. 50 (2003) 251-262
116. Loot G., Aulagnier S., Lek S., Thomas F., and Guegan J.F. Experimental demonstration of a behavioural modification in a cyprinid fish, Rutilus rutilus (L.), induced by a parasite, Ligula intestinalis (L.). Can. J. Zool. 80 (2002) 738-744
117. Loot G., Giraudel J.L., and Lek S. A non-destructive morphometric technique to predict Ligula intestinalis L. plerocercoid load in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) abdominal cavity. Ecological Modelling 156 (2002) 1-11
118. Losey G.S. Cleaning symbiosis. Symbiosis 4 (1987) 229-258
119. Lowe-Jinde L., and Zimmerman A.M. Influence of Cryptobia salmositica on feeding, body composition and growth in rainbow trout. Can. J. Zool. 69 (1991) 1397-1401
120. Lucas M.C., and Barras E. "Migration of Freshwater Fishes." (2001), Blackwell Science, Oxford
121. Markiw M.E. Salmonid whirling disease. U.S. Fisheries and Wildlife Service Leaflet 17 (1992) Washington, DC.
122. McClelland G. Experimental infection of fish with larval sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda, Aniskinae), transmitted by amphipods. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52 (1995) 140-155
123. McCormick J.H., and Stokes G.N. Intra-ovarian invasion of smallmouth bass oocytes by Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Cestoda). J. Parasitol. 68 (1982) 973-975
124. McPhail J.D., and Peacock S.D. Some effects of the cestode (Schistocephalus solidus) on reproduction in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Evolutionary aspects of a host-parasite interaction. Can. J. Zool. 61 (1983) 901-908
125. Milinski M. Parasites determine a predator's optimal feeding strategy. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 15 (1984) 35-37
126. Milinski M. Risk of predation of parasitised sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) under competition for food. Behaviour 93 (1985) 203-216
127. Milinski M. Parasites and host decision-making. In: Barnard C.J., and Behnke J.M. (Eds). "Parasitism and Host Behaviour" (1990), Taylor and Francis, London 95-116
128. Milinski M. The function of mate choice in sticklebacks: Optimizing Mhc genetics. J. Fish. Biol. 63 Suppl. A (2003) 1-16
129. Milinski M., and Bakker T.C.M. Female sticklebacks use male colouration in mate choice and hence avoid parasitised males. Nature 344 (1990) 330-333
130. Moles A., and Heifetz J. Effects of the brain parasite Myxobolus arcticus on sockeye salmon. J. Fish Biol. 52 (1998) 146-151
131. Moller P. "Electric Fishes: History and Behaviour." (1995), Chapman and Hall, London
132. Moody J., and Gaten E. The population dynamics of eyeflukes Diplostomum spathaceum and Tylodelphys clavata (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) in rainbow and brown trout in Rutland Water: 1974-1978. Hydrobiologia 88 (1982) 207-209
133. Moore J. Responses of an avian predator and its isopod prey to an acanthocephalan parasite. Ecology 64 (1983) 1000-1015
134. Moore J. "Parasites and the behaviour of animals." (2002), OUP, Oxford
135. Moore J., and Gotelli N.J. A phylogenetic perspective on the evolution of altered host behaviours: A critical look at the manipulation hypothesis. In: Barnard C.J., and Behnke J.M. (Eds). "Parasitism and Host Behaviour" (1990), Taylor and Francis, London, UK 193-229
136. Myrberg A.A., and Spires J.Y. Hearing in damselfishes - an analysis of signal-detection among closely related species. J. Comp. Physiol. A 140 (1980) 135-144
137. Ness J.H., and Foster S.A. Parasite-associated phenotype modifications in three-spined stickleback. Oikos 85 (1999) 127-134
138. Nimeth K., Zwerger P., Wurtz J., Salvenmoser W., and Pelster B. Infection of the glass-eel swimbladder with the nematode Anguillicola crassus. Parasitology 121 (2000) 75-83
139. O' Connor G.R. Parasites of the eye and brain. In: Kennedy C.R. (Ed). "Ecological aspects of parasitology" (1976), North Holland Publishing, Amsterdam 327-374
140. Odense P.H., and Logan V.H. Prevalence and morphology of Eimeria gadi (Fiebiger, 1913) in the haddock. J. Protozool. 23 (1976) 564-571
141. Owen S.F., Barber I., and Hart P.J.B. Low level infection by eyefluke, Diplostomum spp. affects the vision of three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. J. Fish Biol. 42 (1993) 803-806
142. Øverli Ø., Pall M., Borg B., Jobling M., and Winberg S. Effects of Schistocephalus solidus infection on brain monoaminergic activity in female three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Proc. Roy. Soc. B. Lond. 268 (2001) 1411-1415
143. Pampoulie C., Morand S., Lambert A., Rosecchi E., Bouchereau J.L., and Crivelli A.J. Influence of the trematode Aphalloïdes coelomicola Dollfus, Chabaud and Golvan, 1957 on the fecundity and survival of Pomatoschistus microps (Kroyer, 1838) (Teleostei : Gobiidae). Parasitology 119 (1999) 61-67
144. Parrington J., and Coward K. Use of emerging genomic and proteomic technologies in fish physiology. Aq. Liv. Res. 15 (2002) 193-196
145. Partridge B.L., and Pitcher T.J. The sensory basis of fish schools: Relative roles of lateral line and vision. J. Comp. Physiol. 135A (1980) 315-325
146. Pennycuick L. Quantitative effects of three species of parasites on a population of three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.). J. Zool, Lond. 165 (1971) 143-162
147. Phares C.K. The growth hormone-like factor from plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides a multifunctional protein. In: Beckage N.E. (Ed). "Parasites and pathogens: Effects on host hormones and behaviour" (1997), Chapman and Hall, New York 99-112
148. Phares C.K., and Kubik J. The growth factor from plerocercoids of Spirometra mansonoides is both a growth hormone agonist and a cysteine proteinase. J. Parasitol. 82 (1996) 210-215
149. Pinto N.X., Torres-Hillera M.A., Mendoza E., and Leon-Sarmiento F.E. Immune response, nitric oxide, autonomic dysfunction and stroke: A puzzling linkage on Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Med. Hyptoh. 58 (2002) 374-377
150. Popper A.N., and Platt C. Inner Ear and Lateral Line. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "The Physiology of Fishes" (1993), CRC Press, Boca Raton 99-136
151. Poulin R. "Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites: From Individuals to Communities." (1998), Chapman and Hall, London
152. Poulin R., and Fitzgerald G.J. Risk of parasitism and microhabitat selection in juvenile sticklebacks. Can. J. Zool. 67 (1989) 14-18
153. Poulin R., and Grutter A.S. Cleaning symbioses: Proximate and adaptive explanations. Bioscience 46 (1996) 512-517
154. Radabaugh D.C. Changes in minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, schooling behaviour associated with infections of brain-encysted larvae of the fluke, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus. J. Fish Biol. 16 (1980) 621-628
155. Ranta E. Schistocephalus infestation improves prey-size selection by three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. J. Fish Biol. 46 (1995) 156-158
156. Ratanarat-Brockelman C. Migration of Diplostomum spathaceum (Trematoda) in the fish intermediate host. Z. Parasitenkunde 43 (1974) 123-134
157. Rees G. The adult and Diplostomulum stage (Diplostomulum phoxini (Faust)) of Diplostomum pelmatoides Dubois and an experimental demonstration of part of the life cycle. Parasitology 45 (1955) 295-311
158. Reusch T.B.H., Häberli M.A., Aeschlimann P.B., and Milinski M. Female sticklebacks count alleles in a strategy of sexual selection explaining MHC polymorphism. Nature 414 (2001) 300-302
159. Richards K.S., and Arme C. The effects of the pseudophyllidean cestode Ligula intestinalis on the musculature of bream, Abramis brama. Z. für Parasitkde 65 (1981) 207-215
160. Riley L.G., Hirano T., and Grau E.G. Effects of transfer from seawater to fresh water on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I axis and prolactin in the Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 136 (2003) 647-655
161. Rodewald A.D., and Foster S.A. Effects of gravidity on habitat use and anti-predator behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks. J. Fish Biol. 52 (1998) 973-984
162. Rose J.D., Marrs G.S., Lewis C., and Schisler G. Whirling disease behaviour and its relation to pathology of brain stem and spinal cord in rainbow trout. J. Aquat. Anim. Health 12 (2000) 107-118
163. Rosenqvist G., and Johansson K. Male avoidance of parasitised females explained by direct benefits in a pipefish. Anim. Behav. 49 (1995) 1039-1045
164. Rowe S., and Hutchings J.A. Mating systems and the conservation of commercially exploited marine fish. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18 (2003) 567-572
165. Saksvik M., Nilsen F., Nylund A., and Berland B. Effect of marine Eubothrium sp (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the growth of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J. Fish Dis. 24 (2001) 111-119
166. Sanchez-Monsalvez I., De Armas-Serra C., Bernadina W., and Rodriguez-Caabeiro F. Altered autonomic control in rat intestine due to both infection with Anisakis simplex and incubation with the parasite's crude extract. Dig. Dis. Sci. 48 (2003) 2342-2352
167. Schellart N.A.M., and Wubbels R.J. The auditory and mechanosensory lateral line system. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "The Physiology of Fishes". 2nd edn. (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton 283-312
168. Shirakashi S., and Goater C.P. Intensity-dependent alteration of minnow (Pimephales promelas) behaviour by a brain-encysting trematode. J. Parasitol. 88 (2002) 1071-1074
169. Sivak J.G. Optical variability of the fish lens. In: Douglas R.H., and Djamgoz M.B.A. (Eds). "The Visual System of Fish" (1990), Chapman and Hall, London 63-80
170. Smith H.D. Observations on the cestode Eubothrium salvelini in juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Babine Lake, British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 30 (1973) 947-964
171. Smith H.D., and Margolis L. Some effects of Eubothrium salvelini (Schrank, 1790) on sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), in Babine Lake, British Columbia. J. Parasitol. 56 (1970) 321-322
172. Smith J.D. The blood flukes (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae and Spirorchidae) of cold-blooded vertebrates and some comparisons with schistosomes. Helminth. Abstr. 41 (1972) 161-204
173. Smith R.S., and Kramer D.L. Effects of a cestode (Schistocephalus sp.) on the response of ninespine sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) to aquatic hypoxia. Can. J. Zool. 65 (1987) 1862-1865
174. Smyth J.D. "An Introduction to Animal Parasitology." (1985), Hodder and Stoughton, London
175. Sorenson P.W., and Caprio J. Chemoreception. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "Physiology of Fishes". 2nd edn (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton 375-405
176. Soutter A.M., Walkey M., and Arme C. Amino acids in the plerocercoid of Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) and its fish host, Rutilus rutilus. Z. für Parasitkde 63 (1980) 151-158
177. Sprengel G., and Lüchtenberg H. Infection by endoparasites reduces maximum swimming speed of European smelt Osmerus eperlanus and European eel Anguilla anguilla. Dis. Aq. Org. 11 (1991) 31-35
178. Sproston N.G., and Hartley P.H.T. The ecology of some parasitic copepods of gadoids and other fishes. J. Mar. Biol. Assn. UK 25 (1941) 361-392
179. Sterin-Borda L., and Borda E. Role of neurotransmitter autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of chagasic peripheral dysautonomia. Neuroimmunomodulat. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. 917 (2000) 273-280
180. Swearer S.E., and Robertson D.R. Life history, pathology, and description of Kudoa ovivora sp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporea): An ovarian parasite of Caribbean labroid fishes. J. Parasitol. 85 (1999) 337-353
181. Sweeting R.A. Studies on Ligula intestinalis: Some aspects of the pathology in the second intermediate host. J. Fish Biol. 10 (1977) 43-50
182. Szidat L. Structure, development and behaviour of new strigeatoid metacercariae from subtropical fishes of South America. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 26 (1969) 753-786
183. Thompson S.N., and Kavaliers M. Physiological basis for parasite-induced alterations of host behaviour. Parasitology 109 (1994) S119-S138
184. Tierney J.F. Effects of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on the food intake and diet of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. J. Fish Biol. 44 (1994) 731-735
185. Tierney J.F., Huntingford F.A., and Crompton D.W.T. Body condition and reproductive status in sticklebacks exposed to a single wave of Schistocephalus solidus infection. J. Fish Biol. 49 (1996) 483-493
186. Tierney J.F., Huntingford F.A., and Crompton D.W.T. The relationship between infectivity of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) and anti-predator behaviour of its intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Anim. Behav. 46 (1993) 603-605
187. Urawa S. Trichodina truttae Mueller 1937 (Ciliophora, Peritrichida) on juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) - pathogenicity and host-parasite interactions. Fish Pathol. 27 (1992) 29-37
188. Uspenskaya A.V. The ecology and spreading of the pathogen of trout whirling disease - Myxosoma cerebralis (Hofer, 1903, Plehn, 1905) in the fish ponds of the Soviet Union. "Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo naucho-issledovatel'skogo instituta ozernogo i rechnogo rybnogo khozyaistva," Vol. XLII (1957)
189. Van Der Kraak G., Chang J.P., and Janz D.M. Reproduction. In: Evans D.H. (Ed). "Physiology of Fishes". 2nd edn. (1998), CRC Press, Boca Raton 465-490
190. Videler J.J. "Fish Swimming." (1993), Chapman and Hall, London
191. Wagner G.N., McKinley R.S., Bjorn P.A., and Finstad B. Physiological impact of sea lice on swimming performance of Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 62 (2003) 1000-1009
192. Wagner G.N., and McKinlay R.S. Anaemia and salmonid swimming performance: Potential effects of sub-lethal sea lice infection. J. Fish Biol. 64 (2004) 1027-1038
193. Wiklund T., Lounasheimo L., Lom J., and Bylund G. Gonadal impairment in roach Rutilus rutilus from Finnish coastal areas of the northern Baltic sea. Dis. Aquat. Org. 26 (1996) 163-171
194. Williams H.H., and Jones A. "Parasitic worms of fish." (1994), Taylor and Francis, London
195. Williams M.A., Penlington M.C., King J.A., Hoole D., and Arme C. Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda) infections of roach (Rutilus rutilus) (Cyprinidae): Immunocytochemical investigations into the salmon- and chicken-II type gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) systems in host brains. Acta Parasitol. 43 (1998) 232-235
196. Winberg S., and Olsén K.H. The influence of rearing conditions on the sibling odour preferences of juvenile arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. Anim. Behav. 44 (1992) 157-164
197. Winberg S., and Nilsson G.E. Roles of brain monoamine neurotransmitters in agonistic behaviour and stress reactions, with particular reference to fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 106 (1993) 597-614
198. Wisenden B.D., Chivers D.P., and Smith R.J.F. Risk sensitive habitat use by brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in areas associated with minnow alarm pheromone. J. Chem. Ecol. 20 (1994) 2975-2983
199. Woo N.Y.S., and Kelly S.P. Effects of salinity and nutritional status on growth and metabolism of Sparus sarba in a closed seawater system. Aquaculture 135 (1995) 229-238
200. Wright, H. A., Wooton, R. J., and Barber, I. (in press). The effect of Schistocephalus solidus infection on meal size of three-spined stickleback. J. Fish Biol
201. Wurtz J., Taraschewski H., and Pelster B. Changes in gas composition in the swimbladder of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) infected with Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda). Parasitology 112 (1996) 233-238