When attractiveness demands longer looks: The effects of situation and gender

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

Volumn 63, Issue 9, 2010, Pages 1858-1871

  Leder, Helmut ^a   Tinio, Pablo P L ^a   Fuchs, Isabella M ^a   Bohrn, Isabel ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

^b FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Aesthetics; Attractiveness; Eye movements; Social approach; Threat

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; ESTHETICS; EYE FIXATION; FACE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; METHODOLOGY; OBJECT RELATION; OCULOGRAPHY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REACTION TIME; SEX DIFFERENCE; TIME;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ESTHETICS; EYE MOVEMENT MEASUREMENTS; FACE; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; OBJECT ATTACHMENT; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; SEX FACTORS; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77956694445     PISSN: 17470218     EISSN: 17470226     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/17470211003605142     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Aharon, I., Etcoff, N., Ariely, D., Chabris, C. F., O'Connor, E., & Breiter, H. C. (2001). Beautiful faces have variable reward value: fMRI and behavioral evidence. Neuron, 32, 537-551.
2. Anderson, A. K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa, E., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003). Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 5627-5633.
3. Augustin, M. D., & Leder, H. (2006). Art expertise: A study of concepts and conceptual spaces. Psychology Science, 48, 135-156.
4. Baumgarten, A. G. (1969). Metaphysica. Hildesheim, Germany: Olms (Original work published 1779).
5. Bindemann, M., Burton, A. M., Hooge, I. T. C., Jenkins, R., & de Haan, E. H. F. (2005). Faces retain attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 1048-1053.
6. Bureau of Justice Statistics of the United States Department of Justice (n.d.). Supplementary homicide reports. Retrieved July 9, 2009, from www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/gender.htm
7. Buss, D. M. (1995). Psychological sex-differences- origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50, 164-168.
8. Chaigneau, S. E., Barsalou, L. W., & Zamani, M. (2009). Situational information contributes to object categorization and inference. Acta Psychologica, 130, 81-94.
9. Chatterjee, A., Thomas, A., Smith, S. E., & Aguirre, G. K. (2009). The neural response to facial attractiveness. Neuropsychology, 23, 135-143.
10. Darwin, C. R. (1874). Descent of man, and selection in relation to sex (2nd ed.). Akron, OH: Werner.
11. Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 285-290.
12. Dissanayake, E. (2007). What art is and what art does: An overview of contemporary evolutionary hypotheses. In C. Martindale, P. Locher, & V. M. Petrov (Eds.), Evolutionary and neurocognitive approaches to aesthetics, creativity and the arts (pp. 1-14). Amityville, NY: Baywood.
13. Duchowski, A. (2007). Eye tracking methodology: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). London: Springer.
14. Eagly, A. H., Makhijani, M. G., Ashmore, R. D., & Longo, L. C. (1991). What is beautiful is good, but: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 109-128.
15. Etcoff, N. (1999). Survival of the prettiest: The science of beauty. New York: Anchor Books.
16. Feingold, A. (1990). Gender differences in effects of physical attractiveness on romantic attraction: A comparison across five research paradigms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 981-993.
17. Fink, B., & Penton-Voak, I. (2002). Evolutionary psychology of facial attractiveness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11(5), 154-158.
18. Fletcher-Watson, S., Findlay, J. M., Leekam, S. R., & Benson, V. (2008). Rapid detection of person information in a naturalistic scene. Perception, 37, 571-583.
19. Grammer, K., & Thornhill, R. (1994). Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: The role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 233-242.
20. Hayden, B.Y., Parikh, P.C., Deaner, R.O., & Platt, M. L. (2007). Economic principles motivating social attention in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 274, 1751-1756.
21. Henderson, J. M. (2003). Human gaze control during real-world scene perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 498-504.
22. Hönekopp, J. (2006). Once more: Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Relative contributions of private and shared taste to judgments of facial attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 199-209.
23. Itti, L., Koch, C., & Niebur, E. (1998). A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 20, 1254-1259.
24. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 4302-4311.
25. Kaplan, S. (1992). Environmental preference in a knowledge-seeking, knowledge-using organism. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 581-598). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
26. Langlois, J.H., & Roggman, L.A. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1, 115-120.
27. Leder, H., Belke, B., Oeberst, A., & Augustin, D. (2004). A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 489-508.
28. Leder, H., & Bruce, V. (2000). When inverted faces are recognized: The role of configural information in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 53A(2), 513-536.
29. Levy, B., Ariely, D., Mazar, N., Chi, W., Lukas, S., & Elman, I. (2008). Gender differences in the motivational processing of facial beauty. Learning and Motivation, 39, 136-145.
30. McBain, R., Norton, D., & Chen, Y. (2009). Females excel at basic face perception. Acta Psychologica, 130, 168-173.
31. O'Doherty, J., Winston, J., Critchley, H., Perrett, D., Burt, D., & Dolan, R. (2003). Beauty in a smile: The role of orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia, 41, 147-155.
32. Perrett, D. I., Burt, D. M., Penton-Voak, I. S., Lee, K. J., Rowland, D. A., & Edwards, R. (1999). Symmetry and human facial attractiveness. Evolution and Human Behavior, 20, 295-307.
33. Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature. New York: Penguin Putnam.
34. Rhodes, G., Geddes, K., Jeffery, L., Dziurawiec, S., & Clark, A. (2002). Are average and symmetric faces attractive to infants? Discrimination and looking preferences. Perception, 31, 315-321.
35. Rhodes, G., Proffitt, F., Grady, J. M., & Sumich, A. (1998). Facial symmetry and perception of beauty. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 5, 659-669.
36. Ro, T., Russell, C., & Lavie, N. (2001). Changing faces: A detection advantage in the flicker paradigm. Psychological Science, 12, 94-99.
37. Santayana, G. (1896). The sense of beauty: Being the outline of aesthetic theory. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
38. Schwarz, N. (2007). Attitude construction: Evaluation in context. Social Cognition, 25, 638-656.
39. Shimojo, S., Simion, C., Shimojo, E., & Scheier, C. (2003). Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 1317-1322.
40. Smith, E. R., & Semin, G. R. (2004). Socially situated cognition: Cognition in its social context. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 53-117.
41. Steffensmeier, D., & Allan, E. (n.d.). Gender and crime- similarities in male and female offending rates and patterns, differences between male and female offending patterns. Retrieved July 9, 2009, from http://law.jrank.org/pages/1256/Gender-Crime.html.
42. Symons, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press.
43. Thornhill, R., & Gangestad, S. W. (1999). Facial attractiveness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3, 452-460.
44. Thornhill, R., & Palmer, C. (2000). A natural history of rape: Biological bases of sexual coercion. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
45. Winston, J., O'Doherty, J., Kilner, J., Perrett, D., & Dolan, R. (2007). Brain systems for assessing facial attractiveness. Neuropsychologia, 45, 195-206.
46. Wrangham, R., & Peterson, D. (1996). Demonic males: Apes and the origins of human violence. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.