Microarrayed allergen molecules for the diagnosis of allergic diseases

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 357-364

  Mari, Adriano ^a   Alessandri, Claudia ^a   Bernardi, Maria Livia ^a   Ferrara, Rosetta ^a   Scala, Enrico ^a   Zennaro, Danila ^a  

^a LABORATORIO DI PATOLOGIA VASCOLARE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Allergy; Biochip; Diagnosis; Extracts; IgE; Molecules

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; ALLERGEN; EPITOPE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN; PARVALBUMIN; PROFILIN; TROPOMYOSIN; VICILIN;

ALLERGENICITY; ALLERGIC DISEASE; ANTIBODY DETECTION; BIOCHIP; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COMPUTER PROGRAM; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DNA MICROARRAY; ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD; HEALTH CARE COST; HUMAN; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; MICROTECHNOLOGY; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; PREVALENCE; PROTEIN MICROARRAY; PROVOCATION TEST; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SKIN TEST; STANDARDIZATION;

ALLERGENS; HUMANS; HYPERSENSITIVITY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; PROTEIN ARRAY ANALYSIS; SKIN TESTS;

EID: 77956265816     PISSN: 15297322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-010-0132-0     Document Type: Review

References (80)

1. SG Johansson T Bieber R Dahl, et al. 2004 Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003 J Allergy Clin Immunol 113 832 836 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.591 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c3kvVeiug%3D%3D 15131563
2. TB Knudsen SF Thomsen H Nolte V Backer 2009 A population-based clinical study of allergic and non-allergic asthma J Asthma 46 91 94 10.1080/ 02770900802524657 19191145
3. • Cox L, Williams B, Sicherer S, et al.: Pearls and pitfalls of allergy diagnostic testing: report from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Specific IgE Test Task Force. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008, 101:580-592. This is a revision of the currently used diagnostic tools and their indications and interpretations.
4. •• Matsson PNJ, Hamilton RG, Esch RE, et al.: Analytical Performance Characteristics and Clinical Utility of Immunological Assays for Human Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibodies and Defined Allergen Specificities; Approved Guideline, edn 2. CLSI Document I/LA20-A2. Wayne, PA: CLSI; 2009. This is the most comprehensive and up-to-date document on IVDs available for allergic diseases. This second edition of the CLSI guidelines includes information on allergenic molecules and microtechnologies for the first time.
5. H Nolte 1997 DuBuske LM: Performance characteristics of a new automated enzyme immunoassay for the measurement of allergen-specific IgE Summary of the probability outcomes comparing results of allergen skin testing to results obtained with the HYTEC system and CAP system. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 79 27 34 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXltlyltL8%3D
6. KL Kam KH Hsieh 1994 Comparison of three in vitro assays for serum IgE with skin testing in asthmatic children Ann Allergy 73 329 336 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FjtVKjug%3D%3D 7944001
7. MA Ciardiello I Giangrieco L Tuppo, et al. 2009 Influence of the natural ripening stage, cold storage, and ethylene treatment on the protein and IgE-binding profiles of green and gold kiwi fruit extracts J Agric Food Chem 57 1565 1571 10.1021/jf802966n 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFyrtbs%3D 19199584
8. C Constantin A Touraev E Heberle-Bors, et al. 2009 Detection of antigens reactive to IgE and IgA during wheat seed maturation and in different wheat cultivars Int Arch Allergy Immunol 149 181 187 10.1159/000199713 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntFaqtbc%3D 19218810
9. S Hildebrandt H Steinhart A Paschke 2008 Comparison of different extraction solutions for the analysis of allergens in hen's egg Food Chem 108 1088 1093 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.051 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhs1Oltb4%3D
10. D Larenas-Linnemann LS Cox 2008 European allergen extract units and potency: review of available information Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 100 137 145 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60422-X 18320915
11. • Lorenz AR, Luttkopf D, May S, et al.: The principle of homologous groups in regulatory affairs of allergen products-a proposal. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009, 148:1-17. This article introduces the use of allergenic molecules for allergenic extract standardization.
12. A Mari 2001 Multiple pollen sensitization: a molecular approach to the diagnosis Int Arch Allergy Immunol 125 57 65 10.1159/000053797 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1Sqs74%3D 11385289
13. R Tinghino A Twardosz B Barletta, et al. 2002 Molecular, structural, and immunologic relationships between different families of recombinant calcium-binding pollen allergens J Allergy Clin Immunol 109 314 320 10.1067/mai.2002.121528 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitFGqur8%3D 11842303
14. F Ferreira T Hawranek P Gruber, et al. 2004 Allergic cross-reactivity: from gene to the clinic Allergy 59 243 267 10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00407.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtFCrt7k%3D 14982506
15. P Schmid-Grendelmeier R Crameri 2001 Recombinant allergens for skin testing Int Arch Allergy Immunol 125 96 111 10.1159/000053803 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXls1SmtLs%3D 11435726
16. R Asero R Monsalve D Barber 2008 Profilin sensitization detected in the office by skin prick test: a study of prevalence and clinical relevance of profilin as a plant food allergen Clin Exp Allergy 38 1033 1037 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02980.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1czjsVWhsw%3D%3D 18489029
17. • Asero R, Jimeno L, Barber D: Component-resolved diagnosis of plant food allergy by SPT. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 40:115-121. This article discusses approaching molecule-based diagnosis using the skin test.
18. A Mari E Scala C D'Ambrosio, et al. 2007 Latex allergy within a cohort of not-at-risk subjects with respiratory symptoms: prevalence of latex sensitization and assessment of diagnostic tools Int Arch Allergy Immunol 143 135 143 10.1159/000099080 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlt1aqu7o%3D 17259731
19. A Lidholm BK Ballmer-Weber A Mari S Vieths 2006 Component-resolved diagnostics in food allergy Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 6 234 240 10.1097/01.all.0000225166.90768.d6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xmtl2mtL8%3D 16670520
20. L Heinzerling AJ Frew C Bindslev-Jensen, et al. 2005 Standard skin prick testing and sensitization to inhalant allergens across Europe-a survey from the GA2LEN network Allergy 60 1287 1300 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00895.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFWmsb3J 16134996
21. • Lee S, Lim HS, Park J, Kim HS: A new automated multiple allergen simultaneous test-chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA) using an AP720S analyzer. Clin Chim Acta 2009, 402:182-188. This is an example of multiplex IgE testing using extracts.
22. M Schena D Shalon RW Davis PO Brown 1995 Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray Science 270 467 470 10.1126/science.270.5235.467 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovVersLk%3D 7569999
23. A Schulze J Downward 2000 Analysis of gene expression by microarrays: cell biologist's gold mine or minefield? J Cell Sci 113 4151 4156 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotlSr 11069760
24. G MacBeath SL Schreiber 2000 Printing proteins as microarrays for high-throughput function determination Science 289 1760 1763 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmsV2nsLg%3D 10976071
25. R Hiller S Laffer C Harwanegg, et al. 2002 Microarrayed allergen molecules: diagnostic gatekeepers for allergy treatment FASEB J 16 414 416 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvValtb0%3D 11790727
26. B Jahn-Schmid C Harwanegg R Hiller, et al. 2003 Allergen microarray: comparison of microarray using recombinant allergens with conventional diagnostic methods to detect allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E Clin Exp Allergy 33 1443 1449 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01784.x 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXptVCjtLs%3D 14519153
27. S Wohrl K Vigl S Zehetmayer, et al. 2006 The performance of a component-based allergen-microarray in clinical practice Allergy 61 633 639 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01078.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD283it1Wksg%3D%3D 16629796
28. H Ott CM Schroder S Stanzel, et al. 2006 Microarray-based IgE detection in capillary blood samples of patients with atopy Allergy 61 1146 1147 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01074.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28vptlOjtg%3D%3D 16918522
29. C Harwanegg S Hutter R Hiller 2007 Allergen microarrays for the diagnosis of specific IgE against components of cow's milk and hen's egg in a multiplex biochip-based immunoassay Methods Mol Biol 385 145 157 10.1007/978-1-59745-426- 1-11 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVGiu7vL 18365710
30. E Untersmayr A Lukschal W Hemmer, et al. 2008 Exercise with latex sport bands represents a risk for latex allergic patients Immunol Lett 115 98 104 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.10.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlsVSjug%3D%3D 18035426
31. T Musu J Rabillon C Pelletier, et al. 1997 Simultaneous quantitation of specific IgE against 20 purified allergens in allergic patients sera by checkerboard immunoblotting (CBIB) J Clin Lab Anal 11 357 362 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2825(1997)11:6<357::AID-JCLA9>3.0.CO;2-2 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXpsF2q 9406057
32. RJ Fulton RL McDade PL Smith, et al. 1997 Advanced multiplexed analysis with the FlowMetrix system Clin Chem 43 1749 1756 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmtVyiu7s%3D 9299971
33. B Schweitzer S Wiltshire J Lambert, et al. 2000 Immunoassays with rolling circle DNA amplification: a versatile platform for ultrasensitive antigen detection Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97 10113 10119 10.1073/pnas.170237197 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmtlehsbk%3D 10954739
34. TE Kim SW Park NY Cho, et al. 2002 Quantitative measurement of serum allergen-specific IgE on protein chip Exp Mol Med 34 152 158 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvV2gtbY%3D 12085991
35. T Bacarese-Hamilton L Mezzasoma C Ingham, et al. 2002 Detection of allergen-specific IgE on microarrays by use of signal amplification techniques Clin Chem 48 1367 1370 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XlslKkt7k%3D 12142398
36. Y Matsubara Y Murakami M Kobayashi, et al. 2004 Application of on-chip cell cultures for the detection of allergic response Biosens Bioelectron 19 741 747 10.1016/j.bios.2003.08.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXos1er 14709393
37. MK Han MH Seo D Lee, et al. 2007 Optimization of critical factors affecting the performance of an allergen chip for the analysis of an allergen-specific human IgE in serum Anal Sci 23 545 549 10.2116/analsci.23.545 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlsFertbY%3D 17495399
38. YK Hahn Z Jin JH Kang, et al. 2007 Magnetophoretic immunoassay of allergen-specific IgE in an enhanced magnetic field gradient Anal Chem 79 2214 2220 10.1021/ac061522l 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsFWms7k%3D 17288405
39. R Suck A Nandy B Weber, et al. 2002 Rapid method for arrayed investigation of IgE-reactivity profiles using natural and recombinant allergens Allergy 57 821 824 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23705.x 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XnsVCqs7Y%3D 12169179
40. BI Fall B Eberlein-Konig H Behrendt, et al. 2003 Microarrays for the screening of allergen-specific IgE in human serum Anal Chem 75 556 562 10.1021/ac026016k 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xpsl2jt74%3D 12585484
41. MJ Alcocer GJ Murtagh PB Wilson, et al. 2004 The major human structural IgE epitope of the Brazil nut allergen Ber e 1: a chimaeric and protein microarray approach J Mol Biol 343 759 769 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.065 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXot1WrtLs%3D 15465060
42. WG Shreffler DA Lencer L Bardina HA Sampson 2005 IgE and IgG(4) epitope mapping by microarray immunoassay reveals the diversity of immune response to the peanut allergen, Ara h 2 J Allergy Clin Immunol 116 893 899 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.033 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVyntLrI 16210066
43. SM Satinover AJ Reefer A Pomes, et al. 2005 Specific IgE and IgG antibody-binding patterns to recombinant cockroach allergens J Allergy Clin Immunol 115 803 809 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.01.018 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXivV2isrc%3D 15806002
44. K Ohyama K Omura Y Ito 2005 A photo-immobilized allergen microarray for screening of allergen-specific IgE Allergol Int 54 627 631 10.2332/allergolint. 54.627 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjs1SmsA%3D%3D
45. SJ Lebrun WN Petchpud A Hui CS McLaughlin 2005 Development of a sensitive, colorometric microarray assay for allergen-responsive human IgE J Immunol Methods 300 24 31 10.1016/j.jim.2005.01.019 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXlt1Kgu7c%3D 15893759
46. EM King LD Vailes A Tsay, et al. 2007 Simultaneous detection of total and allergen-specific IgE by using purified allergens in a fluorescent multiplex array J Allergy Clin Immunol 120 1126 1131 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.06.043 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1Kkur%2FE 17825887
47. JC Gaudin H Rabesona Y Choiset, et al. 2008 Assessment of the immunoglobulin E-mediated immune response to milk-specific proteins in allergic patients using microarrays Clin Exp Allergy 38 686 693 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008. 02952.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlt1Ckt74%3D 18307527
48. •• Cerecedo I, Zamora J, Shreffler WG, et al.: Mapping of the IgE and IgG4 sequential epitopes of milk allergens with a peptide microarray-based immunoassay. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008, 122:589-594. This study shows advanced microtechnology applied to measurement of different immunoglobulin isotypes toward peptides to describe milk allergen epitope recognition.
49. KA Heyries MG Loughran D Hoffmann, et al. 2008 Microfluidic biochip for chemiluminescent detection of allergen-specific antibodies Biosens Bioelectron 23 1812 1818 10.1016/j.bios.2008.02.025 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmtVSjtrY%3D 18396032
50. G Gadermaier N Wopfner M Wallner, et al. 2008 Array-based profiling of ragweed and mugwort pollen allergens Allergy 63 1543 1549 10.1111/j.1398-9995. 2008.01780.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cnms1CgsA%3D%3D 18925891
51. H Ott JM Baron R Heise, et al. 2008 Clinical usefulness of microarray-based IgE detection in children with suspected food allergy Allergy 63 1521 1528 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01748.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVemsbnP 18925888
52. • Matsumoto N, Okochi M, Matsushima M, et al.: Development of peptide arrays for detection of IgE-binding epitopes in cow's milk allergens. J Biosci Bioeng 2009, 107:324-330. Microtechnology is used to measure IgE response to peptides identifying epitopes.
53. • Cretich M, Di Carlo G, Giudici C, et al.: Detection of allergen specific immunoglobulins by microarrays coupled to microfluidics. Proteomics 2009, 9:2098-2107. This is an example of a further microtechnology, microfluidics, applied to in vitro detection of IgE.
54. C Constantin S Quirce M Poorafshar, et al. 2009 Micro-arrayed wheat seed and grass pollen allergens for component-resolved diagnosis Allergy 64 1030 1037 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01955.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXosFCrurk%3D 19210348
55. •• Scala E, Alessandri C, Bernardi ML, et al.: Cross-sectional survey on immunoglobulin E reactivity in 23 077 subjects using an allergenic molecule-based microarray detection system. Clin Exp Allergy 2010, 40:911-921. This is the first high-throughput study ever published in the allergy/immunology field based on electronically collected routine diagnostic data that were analyzed as an epidemiologic survey. Prevalence of IgE recognition, demographical data distribution, along with new clustering analysis representation were reported.
56. A Mari 2003 Skin test with a Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen extract vs IgE to a Timothy extract vs IgE to rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, nPhl p 4, rPhl p 5, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 7, rPhl p 11, and rPhl p 12: epidemiological and diagnostic data Clin Exp Allergy 33 43 51 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01569.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXht1ajsb0%3D 12534548
57. D Zennaro P Palazzo D Pomponi, et al. 2007 Retrospective comparative analysis of skin test and IgE reactivity to extracts, and singleplexed or multiplexed allergenic molecules Allergy 62 S153
58. JH Akkerdaas M Wensing AC Knulst, et al. 2003 How accurate and safe is the diagnosis of hazelnut allergy by means of commercial skin prick test reagents? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 132 132 140 10.1159/000073714 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpvVGlt74%3D 14600425
59. L Zuidmeer WA van Leeuwen 2006 Kleine Budde I, et al.: Allergenicity assessment of apple cultivars: hurdles in quantifying labile fruit allergens Int Arch Allergy Immunol 141 230 240 10.1159/000095293 1:STN:280: DC%2BD28nhtlGmtQ%3D%3D 16926543
60. L Tuppo I Giangrieco P Palazzo, et al. 2008 Kiwellin, a modular protein from green and gold kiwi fruits: evidence of in vivo and in vitro processing and IgE binding J Agric Food Chem 56 3812 3817 10.1021/jf703620m 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlt1Slurs%3D 18442249
61. MA Ciardiello R D'Avino A Amoresano, et al. 2008 The peculiar structural features of kiwi fruit pectin methylesterase: amino acid sequence, oligosaccharides structure, and modeling of the interaction with its natural proteinaceous inhibitor Proteins 71 195 206 10.1002/prot.21681 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjt1Ckurk%3D 17932919
62. ML Bernardi P Palazzo L Tuppo, et al. 2008 Pectin methylesterase (Act d 7) and pectin methylesterase inhibitor (Act d 6): two new kiwi fruit allergens Allergy 63 S585
63. K Deinhofer H Sevcik N Balic, et al. 2004 Microarrayed allergens for IgE profiling. Methods 32 249 254 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVOlu7o%3D
64. RJ Rona T Keil C Summers, et al. 2007 The prevalence of food allergy: a meta-analysis J Allergy Clin Immunol 120 638 646 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.026 17628647
65. L Zuidmeer K Goldhahn RJ Rona, et al. 2008 The prevalence of plant food allergies: a systematic review J Allergy Clin Immunol 121 1210 1218 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.02.019 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlslKltbc%3D 18378288
66. R Valenta V Niederberger 2007 Recombinant allergens for immunotherapy J Allergy Clin Immunol 119 826 830 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.01.025 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXjvFaks7Y%3D 17335886
67. M Fernandez-Rivas S Bolhaar E Gonzalez-Mancebo, et al. 2006 Apple allergy across Europe: how allergen sensitization profiles determine the clinical expression of allergies to plant foods J Allergy Clin Immunol 118 481 488 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xot1Wrtrs%3D 16890775
68. • Barber D, De la Torre F, Feo F, et al.: Understanding patient sensitization profiles in complex pollen areas: a molecular epidemiological study. Allergy 2008, 63:1550-1558. This was a comprehensive survey in a geographical region using singleplex allergens on a standard IVD system.
69. A Mari 2008 Ooievaar-de Heer P, Scala E, et al.: Evaluation by double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge of the clinical relevance of IgE antibodies against plant glycans Allergy 63 891 896 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008. 01703.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXovFSnsL0%3D 18588555
70. J Kleine-Tebbe L Vogel DN Crowell, et al. 2002 Severe oral allergy syndrome and anaphylactic reactions caused by a Bet v 1- related PR-10 protein in soybean, SAM22 J Allergy Clin Immunol 110 797 804 10.1067/mai.2002.128946 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFKmuro%3D 12417891
71. BK Ballmer-Weber T Holzhauser J Scibilia, et al. 2007 Clinical characteristics of soybean allergy in Europe: a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge study J Allergy Clin Immunol 119 1489 1496 10.1016/j.jaci.2007. 01.049 17379287
72. L Zuidmeer R van Ree 2007 Lipid transfer protein allergy: primary food allergy or pollen/food syndrome in some cases Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 7 269 273 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32814a5401 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXntlWmtrc%3D 17489047
73. C Harwanegg R Hiller 2005 Protein microarrays for the diagnosis of allergic diseases: state-of-the-art and future development Clin Chem Lab Med 43 1321 1326 10.1515/CCLM.2005.226 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XitlOhsg%3D%3D 16309367
74. D Zennaro E Scala D Pomponi, et al. 2008 Defining IgE specificities in reported cases of IPEX syndrome by means of ISAC proteomic microarray system Allergy 63 S41
75. J Bousquet JM Anto C Bachert, et al. 2006 Factors responsible for differences between asymptomatic subjects and patients presenting an IgE sensitization to allergens. A GA2LEN project Allergy 61 671 680 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01048.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XmtlWlsLc%3D 16677235
76. S Vieths K Hoffmann-Sommergruber 2008 EuroPrevall food allergen library Mol Nutr Food Res 52 Suppl 2 S157 S158 10.1002/mnfr.200890044 19031433
77. •• Ciardiello MA, Palazzo P, Bernardi ML, et al.: Biochemical, immunological and clinical characterization of a cross-reactive nonspecific lipid transfer protein 1 from mulberry. Allergy 2010, 65:597-605. This was a combined application of microarrayed IgE-tested allergens for patient selection plus population survey plus inhibition experiments.
78. •• Gadermaier G, Harrer A, Girbl T, et al.: Isoform identification and characterization of Art v 3, the lipid-transfer protein of mugwort pollen. Mol Immunol 2009, 46:1919-1924. Microarrayed allergens were used for single-point highest inhibition achievable assay to define features of isoforms produced as recombinant allergen.
79. •• Krause S, Reese G, Randow S, et al.: Lipid transfer protein (Ara h 9) as a new peanut allergen relevant for a Mediterranean allergic population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009, 124:771e5-778.e5. A single-point highest inhibition achievable assay was used to define features of newly characterized allergen and IgE response to peanut allergen survey of a population for defining clinical relevance of allergens in causing the clinical disease.
80. •• Mari A, Rasi C, Palazzo P, Scala E: Allergen databases: current status and perspectives. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2009, 9:376-383. This review examined current information technology-based tools to be used in combination with microarray-based IVDs for allergic diseases.