Occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water and river water in the Werribee Basin, Australia

Journal of Water and Health

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 521-531

  Barker Reid, Fiona ^a   Fox, Ellen M ^b   Faggian, Robert ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Irrigation; Recycled water; Seasonal study; Waste water

Indexed keywords

GENTAMICIN; METICILLIN; RIVER WATER; SULFONAMIDE; VANCOMYCIN; WATER; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; FRESH WATER; WATER POLLUTANT;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; GENE EXPRESSION; IRRIGATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RECYCLING; RIVER WATER; WASTEWATER; WATER QUALITY; WATER RESOURCE;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; IRRIGATION (AGRICULTURE); POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PREVALENCE; RECYCLING; URBAN AREA; WASTE WATER; WATER SUPPLY; ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL GENE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GENETICS; MICROBIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; WATER POLLUTANT;

AUSTRALIA; VICTORIA [AUSTRALIA]; WERRIBEE BASIN;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FRESH WATER; GENES, BACTERIAL; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VICTORIA; WATER MICROBIOLOGY; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 77956258691     PISSN: 14778920     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2010.102     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Agerso, Y. & Sandvang, D. 2005 Class 1 integrons and tetracycline resistance genes in Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from pigsties and manured soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(12), 7941-7947.
2. Akinbowale, O. L., Peng, H. & Barton, M. D. 2006 Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from aquaculture sources in Australia. J. Appl. Microbiol. 100(5), 1103-1113.
3. Auerbach, E. A., Seyfried, E. E. & McMahon, K. D. 2007 Tetracycline resistance genes in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants. Water Res. 41(5), 1143-1151. (Pubitemid 46217891)
4. Baquero, F., Martinez, J. L. & Canton, R. 2008 Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water environments. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 19(3), 260-265.
5. Bezanson, G. S., MacInnis, R., Potter, G. & Hughes, T. 2008 Presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 127(1-2), 37-42.
6. Biyela, P. T., Lin, J. & Bezuidenhout, C. C. 2004 The role of aquatic ecosystems as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Water Sci. Technol. 50, 45-50.
7. Bockelmann, U., Dorries, H. H., Ayuso-Gabella, M. N., De Marcay, M. S., Tandoi, V., Levantesi, C., Masciopinto, C., Van Houtte, E., Szewzyk, U., Wintgens, T. & Grohmann, E. 2009 Quantitative PCR monitoring of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in three European artificial groundwater recharge systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75(1), 154-163.
8. Boon, P. I. 1992 Antibiotic resistance of aquatic bacteria and its implications for limnological research. Mar. Freshwater Res. 43(4), 847-861.
9. Boon, P. I. & Cattanach, M. 1999 Antibiotic resistance of native and faecal bacteria isolated from rivers, reservoirs and sewage treatment facilities in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 28(3), 164-168.
10. Bucknell, D. G., Gasser, R. B., Irving, A. & Whithear, K. 1997 Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolated from horses. Aust. Vet. J. 75(5), 355-356.
11. Chee-Sanford, J. C., Aminov, R. I., Krapac, I. J., Garrigues-Jeanjean, N. &Mackie, R. I. 2001 Occurrence and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater underlying two swine production facilities. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(4), 1494-1502.
12. Christiansen, K. J., Turnidge, J. D., Bell, J. M., George, N. M. & Pearson, J. C. 2007 Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus isolates in Australia, 2005: report from the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. Commun. Dis. Intell. 31(4), 392-397.
13. Da Costa, P. M., Vaz-Pires, P. & Bernardo, F. 2008 Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated in wastewater and sludge from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater plants. J. Environ. Health 70(7), 40-45. (Pubitemid 351426703)
14. Decker, C. F. 2008 Pathogenesis of MRSA infections. Disease-a-Month 54(12), 774-779.
15. DEWHA 2007 Landscape - carbon, nutrients, water and productivity - Werribee River. Australian Natural Resources Atlas - Natural Resource Topics, Commonwealth of Australia, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA), Canberra, ACT. Retrieved 21.10.08, from http://www.anra.gov. au/topics/land/carbon/vic/basin-werribee-river.html
16. DPI 2008 A Guide to the Inland Angling Waters of Victoria - Werribee River Basin 31. Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Victoria. Retrieved 20.10.08, from http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/angling/31-Werribee/ Basin%20TEMPLATE%20ED21Jan-worked.htm
17. DSE 2005 Index of Stream Condition: The Second Benchmark of Victorian River Condition. The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), Melbourne. Retrieved 08.10.08, from http://www.vicwaterdata. net/vicwaterdata/data-warehouse-content.aspx?option=5
18. DSE 2006 State Water Report 2005-2006. The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), Melbourne. From http://www.ourwater. vic.gov.au/-data/assets/pdf-file/0004/14746/State-Water-Report-2005-06-26- Werribee-Basin.pdf
19. DSE 2008 Victorian Water Resources Data Warehouse. The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), Melbourne. Retrieved 08.10.08, from http://www.vicwaterdata.net/vicwaterdata/home.aspx
20. Engemann, C. A., Keen, P. L., Knapp, C. W., Hall, K. J. & Graham, D. W. 2008 Fate of tetracycline resistance genes in aquatic systems: migration from the water column to peripheral biofilms. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42(14), 5131-5136.
21. Engleitner, S., Barker-Reid, F., Wos, M., Faggian, R. & Boland, A. -M. 2008 Recycled water for irrigation of vegetables on a Sodosol in the Werribee Irrigation District, Victoria, Proceedings of the Vth International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops. Acta Horticulturae 792(June 2008), 273-281.
22. Enne, V. I., Livermore, D. M., Stephens, P. & Hall, L. M. C. 2007 Persistence of sulfonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction. Lancet 357, 1325-1328.
23. EPAV 2003 Guidelines for Environmental Management: Use of Reclaimed Water. Environmental Protection Agency Victoria, Southbank, Victoria. Retrieved 30.06.08 from http://epanote2.epa.vic.gov.au/EPA/Publications.nsf/PubDocsLU/464. 2?OpenDocument
24. Heuer, H., Krogerrecklenfort, E., Wellington, E. M. H., Egan, S., Elsas, J. D., Overbeek, L., Collard, J. M., Guillaume, G., Karagouni, A. D., Nikolakopoulou, T. L. & Smalla, K. 2002 Gentamicin resistance genes in environmental bacteria: prevalence and transfer. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42(2), 289-302.
25. Huovinen, P., Sundstrom, L., Swedberg, G. & Skold, O. 1995 Trimethoprim and sulfonamide resistance. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 39(2), 279-289.
26. Huq, A., West, P. A., Small, E. B., Huq, M. I. & Colwell, R. R. 1984 Influence of water temperature, salinity, and pH on survival and growth of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serovar O1 associated with live copepods in laboratory microcosms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48, 420-424.
27. Ibrahim, T. R., Meehan, B., Carpenter, P. & Corby, N. 2007 TDS in sewage: sources and trends in Melbourne's west. Water - J. Aust. Water Assoc. 34(5), 44-47.
28. JETACAR 1999 The Use of Antibiotics in Food-producing Animals: Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria in Animals and Humans. Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra. from http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/ publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-publicat-documentjetacar-cnt.htm
29. Jordan, D., Morris, S. G., Gill, P., Andersen, L. M., Chowdhury, A., Stevenson, A. E. & Spence, S. A. 2005 Mass screening for antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in dairy cows in northern New South Wales. Aust. Vet. J. 83(11), 688-694.
30. Kapperud, G., Rorvik, L. M., Hasseltvedt, V., Hoiby, E. A., Iversen, B. G., Staveland, K., Johnsen, G., Leitao, J., Herikstad, H.& Andersson, Y. 1995 Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection traced to imported iceberg lettuce. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33(3), 609-614.
31. Karl, D. M. 2000 Phosphorus, the staff of life. Nature 406, 31-33.
32. Klein, E., Smith, D. L. & Laxminarayan, R. 2007 Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999-2005. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 13(12), 1840-1846.
33. Klein, G., Pack, A. & Reuter, G. 1998 Antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococci and occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in raw minced beef and pork in Germany. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64(5), 1825-1830.
34. Koike, S., Krapac, I. G., Oliver, H. D., Yannarell, A. C., Chee-Sanford, J. C., Aminov, R. I. & Mackie, R. I. 2007 Monitoring and source tracking of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater adjacent to swine production facilities over a 3-year period. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(15), 4813-4823.
35. Lawson, J. 2003 Managing Melbourne's Water Resources: Water Recycling to Protect the Environment and Support Melbourne's Growth. A submission outlining strategies to implement Melbourne 2030 - Planning for Sustainable Growth. Lawson Consultancy Pty Ltd, South Yarra, Victoria. from http://cleanocean.org/ fifthestate/archives/110.030/316/2030submission.pdf
36. Marchesi, J. R., Sato, T., Weightman, A. J., Martin, T. A., Fry, J. C., Hiom, S. J. & Wade, W. G. 1998 Design and evaluation of useful bacterium-specific PCR primers that amplify genes coding for bacterial 16S rRNA. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64(2), 795-799.
37. Martinez, J. L. 2008 Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science 321(5887), 365-367.
38. Melbourne Water 2007 Werribee Catchment. Port Phillip and Westernport Regional River Health Strategy, State of Victoria, Melbourne. from http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/publications/reports/ rivers-and-creeks-reports.asp?bhcp=1
39. Melbourne Water & City West Water 2004 Western Treatment Plant Salinity Management Plan: A Plan to Manage Salinity in Recycled Water from Western Treatment Plant to Facilitate Sustainable Water Recycling. From www.citywestwater.com.au/business/docs/Western-Treatment-Plant-Salinity- Management-Plan--FINAL-Dec-2004.doc
40. Monaghan, W. M. 2008 The evolution of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Australia. Aust. J. Med. Sci. 29(4), 131-146.
41. Murakami, K., Minamide, W., Wada, K., Nakamura, E., Teraoka, H. & Watanabe, S. 1991 Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29(10), 2240-2244.
42. Murray, G. E., Robin, R. S., Junkins, B. & Kushner, D. J. 1984 Effect of chlorination on antibiotic resistance profiles of sewage-related bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48(1), 73-77.
43. Nimmo, G. R., Coombs, G. W., Pearson, J. C., O'Brien, F. G., Christiansen, K. J., Turnidge, J. D., Gosbell, I. B., Collignon, P., McLaws, M. L., Faoagali, J., George, N., Harper, J., Schooneveldt, J., Bradbury, S., Tiley, S., Gottlieb, T., Funnell, G., Fernandes, C., Benn, R., Yan, B., Ziochos, H., Vickery, A., Mitchell, D., Ryder, S., Branley, J., Spelman, D., Franklin, C., Garland, S., Gonis, G., Waters, M. J., Joyce, L., Ward, P., Andrew, J., McGregor, A., Peterson, R., Bell, J., Lim, I., Pratt, R., Pruul, H., Mulgrave, L., McGechie, D., Francis, G., Lurn, G., Paul, M., Robson, J., Lee, P. C. & Benson, S. 2006 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Australian community: An evolving epidemic. Med. J. Aust. 184(8), 384-388.
44. Patel, R., Uhl, J. R., Kohner, P., Hopkins, M. K. & Cockerill, F. R., III 1997 Multiplex PCR detection of vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes in Enterococci. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35(3), 703-707.
45. Pei, R., Cha, J., Carlson, K. H. & Pruden, A. 2007 Response of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) to biological treatment in dairy lagoon water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41(14), 5108-5113.
46. Pei, R., Kim, S. -C., Carlson, K. H. & Pruden, A. 2006 Effect of river landscape on the sediment concentrations of antibiotics and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARG). Water Res. 40(12), 2427-2435.
47. Pruden, A., Pei, R., Storteboom, H. & Carlson, K. H. 2006 Antibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants: studies in Northern Colorado. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 7445-7450.
48. Rhodes, M. W. & Kator, H. 1988 Survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in estuarine environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54(12), 2902-2907.
49. Rodríguez, C., Lang, L., Wang, A., Altendorf, K., García, F. & Lipski, A. 2006 Lettuce for human consumption collected in Costa Rica contains complex communities of culturable oxytetracycline- and gentamicin-resistant bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(9), 5870-5876.
50. Rysz, M. & Alvarez, P. J. J. 2004 Amplification and attenuation of tetracycline resistance in soil bacteria: aquifer column experiments. Water Res. 38(17), 3705-3712. (Pubitemid 39179749)
51. Schwartz, T., Kohnen, W., Jansen, B. & Obst, U. 2003 Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 43, 325-335.
52. Snow, D. D., Bartelt-Hunt, S. L., Saunders, S. E. & Cassada, D. A. 2007 Detection, occurrence, and fate of emerging contaminants in agricultural environments. Water Environ. Res. 79(10), 1061-1084.
53. Sørum, H. & L'Abee-Lund, T. M. 2002 Antibiotic resistance in food-related bacteria - a result of interfering with the global web of bacterial genetics. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 78(1-2), 43-56.
54. Volkmann, H., Schwartz, T., Bischoff, P., Kirchen, S. & Obst, U. 2004 Detection of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistance genes in municipal wastewater using real-time PCR (TaqMan). J. Microbiol. Methods 56, 277-286. (Pubitemid 38117186)
55. Watkinson, A. J., Micalizzi, G. B., Graham, G. M., Bates, J. B. & Costanzo, S. D. 2007 Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in wastewaters, surface waters, and oysters from an urban riverine system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(17), 5667-5670.
56. Witte, W. 2000 Ecological impact of antibiotic use in animals on different complex microflora: environment. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 14, 321-325.
57. Wu, A. H. & Li, C. H. 2008 Antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital environment and inpatients. Acta Academiae Med. Sin. 30(5), 525-530.
58. Zhang, X. X., Zhang, T. & Fang, H. H. P. 2009 Antibiotic resistance genes in water environment. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 82(3), 397-414.