Gender differences in motives for regulating emotions

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 24, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 974-985

  Timmers, Monique ^a   Fischer, Agneta H ^a   Manstead, Antony S R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032220008     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167298249005     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adams, S., Kuebli, J., Boyle, P. A., & Fivush, R. (1995). Gender differences in parent-child conversations about past emotions: A longitudinal investigation. Sex Roles, 33, 309-324.
2. Allen, J. G., & Haccoun, D. M. (1976). Sex differences in emotionality: A multi-dimensional approach. Human Relations, 29, 711-722.
3. Ariès, E. (1984). Gender and communication. In P. R. Shaver & C. Hendrick (Eds.), Sex and gender (Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 149-177). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
4. Brody, L. R., & Hall, J. A. (1993). Gender and emotion. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 447-461). New York: Guilford.
5. Brody, L. R., Lovas, G. S., & Hay, D. H. (1995). Gender differences in anger and fear as a function of situational context. Sex Roles, 32, 47-79.
6. Chodorow, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering: Psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley: University of California Press.
7. Clark, M. S., Pataki, S. P., & Carver, V. H. (1995). Some thoughts on self-presentation of emotions in relationships. In G. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships (pp. 129-174). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8. Cornelius, R. R., & Averill, J. R. (1983). Sex differences in the fear of spiders. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 377-383.
9. Davis, T. L. (1995). Gender differences in masking negative emotions: Ability or motivation? Developmental Psychology, 31, 660-667.
10. Deaux, K., & Major, B. (1987). Putting gender into context: An interactive model of gender-related behavior. Psychological Review, 94, 369-389.
11. Dindia, K., &Allen, M. (1992). Sex differences in self-disclosure: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 106-124.
12. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (1986). Gender and aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psycho-logical Bulletin, 100, 309-330.
13. Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1969). The repertoire of non-verbal behavior: Origins, usage, and coding. Semiotica, 1, 49-98.
14. Fischer, A. H. (1993). Sex differences in emotionality: Fact or stereotype? Feminism and Psychology, 3, 303-318.
15. Fischer, A. H., & Jansz, J. (1995). Reconciling emotions with Western personhood. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 25, 59-81.
16. Fischer, A. H., & Mesquita, B. (1988). Emoties zijn niet zuiver [Emotions are not pure]. Psychologie en Maatschappij, 12, 258-272.
17. Fiske, S. T., Morlin, B., & Stevens, L. E., (1996). Controlling self and others: A theory of anxiety, mental control, and social control. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 115-123.
18. Fridlund, A. J. ( 1994). Human facial expression: An evolutionary view. New York: Academic Press.
19. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
20. Frijda, N. H., Kuipers, P., & ter Schure, E. (1989). Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 212-228.
21. Frijda, N. H., & Mesquita, B. (1994). The social roles and functions of emotions. In S. Kitayama & H. M. Markus (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 51-87). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
22. Frodi, A., Macaulay, J., & Thome, P. R. (1977). Are women always less aggressive than men? A review of the experimental literature. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 634-660.
23. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
24. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Penguin.
25. Goffman, E. (1961). Encounters. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merill.
26. Graham, J. W., Gentry, K. W., & Green, J. (1981). The self-presentational nature of emotional expression: Some evidence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 467-474.
27. Grossman, M., & Wood, W. (1993). Sex differences in the intensity of emotional experience: A social role interpretation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1010-1022.
28. Hall, J. A. (1984). On explaining gender differences: The case of nonverbal communication. In P. R. Shaver & C. Hendrick (Eds.), Sex and gender (Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 177-201). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
29. Helgeson, V. S., & Gollob, H. F. (1992). Judgments of men's and women's feelings during hypothetical social interactions. Sex Roles, 25, 537-554.
30. Hochschild, A. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.
31. Kövecses, Z. (1990). Emotion concepts. New York: Springer.
32. Labott, S. M., Martin, R. B., Eason, P. S., & Berkey, E. Y. (1991). Social reactions to the expression of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 397-419.
33. LaFrance, M., & Banaji, M. (1992). Toward a reconsideration of the gender-emotion relationship. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotions and social behavior (Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 14, pp. 178-202). Newbury Park, CA; Sage.
34. Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 34-47.
35. Leary, M. R., Nezlek, J. B., Downs, D., Radford-Davenport, J., Martin, J., & McMullen, A. (1994). Self-presentation in everyday interactions: Effects of target familiarity and gender composition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 664-673.
36. Lombardo, W. K., Cretser, G. A., Lombarde, B., & Mathis, S. L. (1983). Fer cryin' out loud - There is a sex difference. Sex Roles, 9, 987-996.
37. Maccoby, E. E. (1988). Gender as a social category. Developmental Psychology, 24, 755-765.
38. Maccoby, E. E. (1990). Gender and relationships. American Psychologist, 45, 513-520.
39. Manstead, A.S.R., & Tetlock, P. E. (1989). Cognitive appraisals and emotional experience: Further evidence. Cognition and Emotion, 3, 225-240.
40. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). The cultural shaping of emotion: A conceptual framework. In S. Kitayama & H. R. Markus (Eds.), Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence (pp. 339-353). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
41. Oatley, K. (1992). Best laid schemes: The psychology of emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
42. Parkinson, B., & Manstead, A.S.R. (1992). Making sense of emotion in stories and social life. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 295-323.
43. Rimé, B., Mesquita, B., Philippot, P., & Boca, S. (1991). Beyond the emotional event: Six studies on the social sharing of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 5, 435-465.
44. Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotion: A structural theory. In P. R. Shaver (Ed.), Emotions, relationships, and health (Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 5, pp. 11-36). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
45. Saarni, C. (1984). An observational study of children's attempts to monitor their expressive behavior. Developmental Psychology, 55, 1504-1513.
46. Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpersonal relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
47. Shields, S. A. (1987). Women, men and the dilemma of emotion. In P. R. Shaver & C. Hendrick (Eds.), Sex and gender (Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 7, pp. 229-250). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
48. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of the social stereotype. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656-666.
49. Stoppard, J. M., & Gunn Gruchy, C. D. (1993). Gender, context and expression of positive emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 143-150.
50. Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Women and men in conversation. New York: William Morrow.
51. Tavris, C. (1984). On the wisdom of counting to ten: Personal and social dangers of anger expression. In P. R. Shaver (Ed.), Emotions, relationships, and health (Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 5, pp. 170-191). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
52. Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
53. Van den Berg, M., Kortekaas, R., & Vingerhoets, A. J.J.M. (1992). Huilen in psychologisch perspectief [Crying in psychological perspective]. Gedrag en Gezondheid, 20, 23-31.
54. Zammuner, V. L., & Fischer, A. H. (1995). The social regulation of emotions in jealousy situations. A comparison between Italy and the Netherlands. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 189-209.