Chemicals of emerging concern in the Great Lakes Basin: An analysis of environmental exposures

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Volumn 207, Issue , 2010, Pages 1-93

  Klečka, Gary ^a   Persoon, Carolyn ^b   Currie, Rebecca ^a  

^a DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMISTRY; ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; HUMAN; POLLUTANT; REVIEW; UNITED STATES; WATER POLLUTANT;

ECOSYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; GREAT LAKES REGION; HUMANS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL;

EID: 77956085052     PISSN: 01795953     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6406-9_1     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Institute of (2007) AIST Risk Assessment Document Series No.4 Bisphenol A. Research Center for Chemical Risk Management, AIST Tsukuba West, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JP
2. Andresen JA, Muir D, Ueno D, Darling C, Theobald N, Bester K (2007) Emerging pollutants in the North Sea in comparison to Lake Ontario, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 26:1081-1089
3. Balmer ME, Poiger T, Droz C, Romanin K, Bergqvist PA, Muller MD, Buser HR (2004) Occurrence of methyl triclosan, a transformation product of the bactericide triclosan, in fish from various lakes in Switzerland. Environ Sci Technol 38:390-395
4. Baronti C, Curini R, D'Ascenzo G, Dicorcia A, Gentili A, Samperi R (2000) Monitoring natural and synthetic estrogens at activated sludge sewage treatment plants and in a receiving river water. Environ Sci Technol 34:5059-5066
5. Batterman S, Chernyak S, Gwynn E, Cantonwine D, Jia C, Begnoche L, Hickey JP (2007) Trends of brominated diphenyl ethers in fresh and archived Great Lakes fish (1979-2005). Chemosphere 69:444-457
6. Bennett ER, Metcalf CD (1998) Distribution of alkylphenol compounds in Great Lakes sediments, United States and Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:1230-1235
7. Bennett ER, Metcalfe CD (2000) Distribution of degradation products of alkylphenol ethoxylates near sewage treatment plants in the Lower Great Lakes, North America. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:784-792
8. Bennie DT, Sullivan CA, Lee HB, Peart TE, Maguire RJ (1997) Occurrence of alkylphenols and alkylphenol mono-and diethoxylates in natural waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes basin and the upper St. Lawrence River. Sci Total Environ 193:263-275
9. Boulanger B, Peck AM, Schnoor JL, Hornbuckle KC (2005) Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactants in Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 39:74-79
10. Boulanger B, Vargo J, Schnoor JL, Hornbuckle KC (2004) Detection of perfluorooctane surfactants in Great Lakes water. Environ Sci Technol 38:4064-4070
11. Boyd GR, Reemtsma H, Grimm DA, Mitra S (2003) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface and treated waters of Louisiana, USA and Ontario, Canada. Sci Total Environ 331:135-149
12. Calamari D, Jones K, Kannan K, Lecloux A, OlssonM, ThurmanM, Zannetti P (2000) Monitoring as an indicator of persistence and long-range transport. In: Klečka GM (ed) Evaluation of persistence and long-range transport of organic chemicals in the environment. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, pp 205-244
13. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) (2001) Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: nonylphenol and its ethoxylates. Environment Canada Publication Number 12999. ISBN 10896997-34-1. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
14. CCME (2002) Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: summary tables. Updated 2002. In: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999. Winnipeg, MB, Canada
15. CCME (2007) Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: summary table. Update 7.1, December, 2007. In: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999. Winnipeg, MB, Canada
16. CCME (2008) Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: chlorpyrifos. Updated 2008. In: Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999. Winnipeg, MB, Canada
17. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) (1997) Environmental assessments of priority substances under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act: guidance manual version 1.0. Chemical Evaluation Division, Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch, report EPS/2/CC/3E. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
18. Carlson DL, Basu I, Hites RA (2004) Annual variations of pesticide concentrations in Great Lakes precipitation. Environ Sci Technol 38:5290-5296
19. Carlson DL, Swackhamer DL (2006) Results from the U.S. Great Lakes fish monitoring program and effects of lake processes on bioaccumulative contaminant concentrations. J Great Lakes Res 32:370-385
20. Chernyak SM, Rice CP, Quintal RT, Begnoche LJ, Hickney JP, Vunyard BT (2005) Time trends (1983-1999) for organochlorines and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1632-1641
21. Christian MS, Parker RM, Hoberman AM, Diener RM, Api AM (1999) Developmental toxicity studies of four fragrances in rats. Toxicol Lett 111:169-174
22. Chu S, Haffner GD, Letcher RJ (2005) Simultaneous determination of tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrachlorobisphenol A, bisphenol A and other halogenated analogues in sediment and sludge by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1097:25-32
23. Chu S, Metcalfe CD (2007) Analysis of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and norfluoxetine in fish tissues using pressurized liquid extraction, mixed mode solid phase extraction cleanup, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1163:112-118
24. Cortes DR, Basu I, Sweet CW, Brice KA, Hoff RM, Hites RA (1998) Temporal trends in gas-phase concentrations of chlorinated pesticides measured at the shores of the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 32:1920-1927
25. Daughton CG (2001) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: overarching issues and overview. In: Daughton CG, Jones-Lepp T (eds) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: scientific and regulatory issues, American Chemical Society Symposium Series 791. Washington, DC, pp 2-38
26. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) (2004) Perfluorooctane sulphonate; risk reduction strategy and analysis of advantages and drawbacks. Final Report, August 2004. Norfolk, UK
27. Dsikowitzky L, Schwarzbauer J, Littke R (2002) Distribution of polycyclic musks in water and particulate matter of the Lippe River (Germany). Org Geochem 33:1747-1758
28. Environment Canada (EC) (2006a) Ecological screening assessment report on perfluorooctane sulfonate, its salts and its precursors that contain the C8F17SO2, C8F17SO3, or C8F17SO2N moiety. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
29. EC (2006b) Ecological screening assessment report on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
30. EC (2008) Follow-up report on a PSL1 assessment for which data were insufficient to conclude whether the substances were "toxic" to the environment and to human health: chlorinated paraffins. Environment Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
31. Environment Canada and Health Canada (EC and HC) (2001) Priority substances list assessment report: nonylphenol and its ethoxylates. Environment Canada and Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
32. EC and HC (2008) Screening assessment for the challenge: phenol, 4,4′-(1-methylethylidene)bis-(bisphenol A). Environment Canada and Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
33. European Commission (EUC) (2001) European Union risk assessment report: diphenyl ether, pentabromo derivative. Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
34. EUC (2002a) European Union risk assessment report: 4-nonylphenol (branched) and nonylphenol. Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
35. EUC (2002b) European Union risk assessment report: bis(pentabromophenyl) ether. Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
36. EUC (2003a) Technical guidance document in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and commission regulation (EC) No. 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances. Part II. ECSC-EC-EAEC. Brussels, Belgium
37. EUC (2003b) European Union risk assessment report: diphenyl ether, octabromo derivative. Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
38. EUC (2003c) Directive 2003/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 amending for the 24th time Council directive 76/769 relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether). Official Journal L 042
39. EUC (2003d) European Union risk assessment report: naphthalene. Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
40. EUC (2004) European Union risk assessment report: 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
41. EUC (2005a) 5-tert-Butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene (musk xylene). Summary risk assessment report. European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra, Italy
42. EUC (2005b) European Union risk assessment report: 4′-tert-butyl- 2′,6′-dimethyl-3′,5′-dinitroacetophenone (musk ketone). Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
43. EUC (2005c) European Union risk assessment report: alkanes, C14-17, chloro (MCCP): part 1-environment. Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
44. EUC (2005d) European Union risk assessment report: tetrachloroethylene. Final report; part 1-environment. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
45. EUC (2006a) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy and amending Directive 2000/60/EC. Official Journal COM(2006)397
46. EUC (2006b) European Union risk assessment report: phenol. Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
47. EUC (2008a) Updated European Union risk assessment report-4,4′- isopropylidenediphenol (bisphenol-A); CAS No: 80-05-7; EINECS No: 201-245-248 Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
48. EUC (2008b) European Union risk assessment report: 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 3,5,5,6,8, 8-hexamethyl-2-naphthyl)ethan-1-one (AHTN). Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
49. EUC (2008c) European Union risk assessment report: 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro- 4,6,6,7,8, 8-hexamethylcyclopenta-2-benzopyran (HHCB). Final Report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
50. EUC (2008d) Updated risk assessment of alkanes, C10-13, chloro. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
51. EUC (2008e) European Union risk assessment report: anthracene. Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
52. EUC (2008f) European Union risk assessment report: coal-tar pitch, high temperature. Final report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
53. EUC (2008 g) European Union risk assessment report: hexabromocyclododecane. Final draft report. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg
54. Fox GA (2006) Back to the future: rediscovering the requirement for monitoring in the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement. In: Expert consultation on emerging issues of the Great Lakes in the 21st Century. Report of the Great Lakes Science Advisory Board to the International Joint Commission, Windsor, ONtario, Canada
55. Furdui VI, Stock NL, Ellis DA, Butt CM,Whittle DM, Crozier PW, Reiner EJ, Muir DCG,Mabury SA (2007) Spatial distribution of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in Lake Trout from the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 41:1554-1559
56. Gatermann R, Biselli S, Huhnerfuss H, Rimkus GG, Hecker M, Karbe L (2002) Synthetic musks in the environment, part 1: species-dependent bioaccumulation of polycyclic and nitro musk fragrances in freshwater fish and mussels. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 42:437-446
57. Gauthier LT, Hebert CE, Weseloh DVC, Letcher RJ (2007) Current-use flame retardants in the eggs of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) from the Laurentian Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 41:4561-4567
58. Gauthier LT, Herbert CE, Weseloh DVC, Letcher RJ (2008) Dramatic changes in the temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in herring gull eggs from the Laurentian Great Lakes: 1982-2006. Environ Sci Technol 42:1524-1530
59. Giesy JP, Kannan K (2001) Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife. Environ Sci Technol 35:1339-1342
60. Giesy JP, Naile JE, Khim JS, Jones PD, Newsted JL (2010) Aquatic toxicology of perfluorinated chemicals. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 202:1-52
61. Gilliom RJ, Barbash JE, Crawford CG, Hamilton PA, Martin JD, Nakagaki N, Nowell LH, Scott JC, Stackelberg PE, Thelin TP, Wolock DM (2006) The quality of our Nation's waters: pesticides in the Nation's streams and ground water, 1992-2001. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291, Reston, VA
62. Gouin T, Harner T, Daly GL, Wania F, Mackay D, Jones KC (2005) Variability of concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls in air: implications for monitoring, modeling and control. Atmos Environ 39:151-166
63. Hao C, Lissemore L, Nguyen B, Kleywegt S, Yang P, Solomon K (2006) Determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 384:505-513
64. Hekster FM, de Voogt P, Pijnenburg AMCM, Laane RWPM (2002) Perfluoroalkylated substances; aquatic environmental assessment. RIKZ Report 2002.043, July 1, 2002. Den Haag, Netherlands
65. Hoh E, Hites RA (2005) Brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere of the east-central United States. Environ Sci Technol 39:7794-7802
66. Hoh E, Zhu L, Hites RA (2005) Novel flame retardants, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene, in United States' environmental samples. Environ Sci Technol 39:2472-2477
67. Hoh E, Zhu LY, Hites RA (2006) Dechlorane Plus, a chlorinated flame retardant, in the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 40:1184-1189
68. Houde M, Muir DCG, Tomy GT, Whittle DM, Teixeira C, Moore S (2008) Bioaccumulation and trophic magnification of short-and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in food webs from Lake Ontario and Lake Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 42:3893-3899
69. Hua WY, Bennett ER, Letcher RJ (2005) Triclosan in waste and surface waters from the upper Detroit River by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Environ Int 31:621-630
70. Hua WY, Bennett ER, Letcher RJ (2006a) Ozone treatment and the depletion of detectable pharmaceuticals and atrazine herbicide in drinking water sourced from the upper Detroit River, ON, Canada. Water Res 40:2259-2266
71. Hua WY, Bennett ER, Maio X, Metcalfe CD, Letcher RJ (2006b) Seasonality effects on pharmaceuticals and s-triazine herbicides in wastewater effluent and surface water from the Canadian side of the upper Detroit River. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:2356-2365
72. International Joint Commission (IJC) (1987) Revised Great Lakes water quality agreement of 1978-agreement with annexes in terms of reference, between the United States and Canada signed at Ottawa October 16, 1983 as amended by protocol signed November 18, 1987. International Joint Commission Canada and United States, Windsor, ON, Canada
73. James R, Hites RA (1999) Chlorothalonil and dacthal in Great Lakes air and precipitation samples. J Great Lakes Res 25:406-411
74. Jones-Lepp T (2006) Chemical markers of human waste contamination: analysis of urobilin and pharmaceuticals in source waters. J Environ Monit 8:472-478
75. Kannan K, Kober JL, Kang Y, Masunaga S (2001) Polychlorinated naphthalenes, biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylphenols in sediment from the Detroit and Rouge Rivers, Michigan, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:1878-1889
76. Kannan K, Corsolini S, Falandysz J, Oehme G, Focardi S, Giesy JP (2002) Perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammals, fishes, and birds from coasts of the Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas. Environ Sci Technol 36:3210-3216
77. Kannan K, Keith TL, Naylor CG, Staples CA, Giesy JP (2003) Nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates in fish, sediment and water from the Kalamazoo River, Michigan. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 4:77-82
78. Kannan K, Yun SH, Evans TJ (2005a) Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated contaminants in livers of polar bears from Alaska. Environ Sci Technol 39:9057-9063
79. Kannan K, Tao L, Sinclair E, Pastva SD, Jude DJ, Giesy JP (2005b) Perfluorinated compounds in aquatic organisms at various trophic levels in a Great Lakes food chain. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48:559-566
80. Keith TL, Snyder SA, Naylor CG, Staples CA, Summer C, Kannan K, Giesy JP (2001) Identification and quantitation of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol in fish tissues from Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 35:10-13
81. Klečka GM, Zabik J, Woodburn K, Naylor CG, Staples CA, Huntsman BE (2007) Exposure analysis of C8-and C9-alkylphenol, alkylphenol ethoxylates and their metabolites in surface water systems within the United States. Human Ecol Risk Assess 13:792-822
82. Klečka GM, Staples CA, Clark KE, van der Hoeven N, Thomas DE, Hentges SG (2009) Exposure analysis of bisphenol A in surface water systems in North America and Europe. Environ Sci Technol 43:6145-6150
83. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT (2002) Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36:1202-1211
84. Lehman-McKeeman LD, Caudill D, Vassallo JD, Pearce RE,Madan A, Parkinson A (1999) Effects of musk xylene and musk ketone on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicol Lett 111:105-115
85. Lindstrom A, Buerge IJ, Poiger T, Bergqvist PA, Muller MD, Buser HR (2002) Occurrence and environmental behavior of the bactericide triclosan and its methyl derivative in surface waters and in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 36:2322-2329
86. Lissemore L, Hao C, Yang P, Sibley PK, Mabury S, Solomon K (2006) An exposure assessment for selected pharmaceuticals within a watershed in Southern Ontario. Chemosphere 64: 717-729
87. Lopes TJ, Furlong ET (2001) Occurrence and potential adverse effects of semi volatile organic compounds in streambed sediment, United States, 1992-1995. Environ Toxicol Chem 20: 727-737
88. Luross JM, Alaee M, Sergeant DB, Cannon CM, Whittle DM, Solomon KR, Muir DCG (2002) Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in lake trout from the Laurentian Great Lakes. Chemosphere 46:665-672
89. Manchester-Neesvig JB, Valters K, Sonzogni WC (2001) Comparison of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Michigan salmonids. Environ Sci Technol 35:1072-1077
90. Martin JW, Whittle DM, Muir DCG, Mabury SA (2004) Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in a food web from Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 38:5379-5385
91. Martin JW, Ellis DA, Mabury SA, Hurley MD, Wallington TJ (2006) Atmospheric chemistry of perfluoroalkanesulfonamides: kinetic and product studies of the OH radical and Cl atom initiated oxidation of N-ethyl perfluorobutanesulfonamide. Environ Sci Technol 40:864-872
92. Marvin CH, Painter S, Tomy GT, Stern GA, Braekevelt E, Muir DCG (2003) Spatial and temporal trends in short-chain chlorinated paraffins in Lake Ontario sediments. Environ Sci Technol 37:4561-4568
93. Marvin CH, Tomy GT, Alaee M, Macinnis G (2006) Distribution of hexabromocyclododecane in Detroit River suspended sediments. Chemosphere 64:268-275
94. Mayer T, Bennie D, Rosa F, Rekas G, Palabrica V, Schachtschneider J (2007) Occurrence of alkylphenolic substances in a Great Lakes coastal marsh, Cootes Paradise, ON, Canada. Environ Pollut 147:683-900
95. McDowell DC, Metcalfe CD (2001) Phthalate esters in sediments near a sewage treatment plant outflow in Hamilton Harbour, Ontario: SFE extraction and environmental distribution. J Great Lakes Res 27:3-9
96. Melcer H, Klečka G, Monteith H, Staples C (2007) Wastewater Treatment of Alkylphenols and their Ethoxylates; a State of the Science Review. Report for theWater Environment Federation, Alexandria, VA
97. Metcalfe CD, Miao XS, Koenig BG, Struger J (2003) Distribution of acidic and neutral drugs in surface waters near sewage treatment plants in the lower Great Lakes, Canada. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:2881-2889
98. Miller SM, SweetCW, DePinto JV, Hornbuckle KC (2000) Atrazine and nutrients in precipitations: results from the Lake Michigan mass balance study. Environ Sci Technol 34:55-61
99. Monteiro SC, Boxall BA (2010) Occurrence and fate of human pharmaceuticals in the environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 202:53-154
100. Moore S, Vromet L, Rondeau B (2004) Comparison of meta-stable atom bombardment and electron capture negative ionization for the analysis of polychloroalkanes. Chemosphere 54:453-459
101. Muir D, Alaee M, Scott B (2006) Identifying potential and emerging chemical contaminants in the Great Lakes. In: Expert consultation on emerging issues of the Great Lakes in the 21st Century. Report of the Great Lakes Science Advisory Board to the International Joint Commission, Windsor, ON, Canada
102. Muir D, Bennie D, Teixeria C, Fisk A, Tomy G, Stern G, Whittle M (2001) Short chain chlorinated paraffins: are they persistent and bioaccumulative? In: Lipnick RL, Jannson B, Mackay D (eds) Persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals II. Assessment and new chemicals. ACS Symposium Series 773, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
103. Norstrom RJ, Simon M, Moisey J, Wakeford B, Weseloh DVC (2002) Geographical distribution (2000) and temporal trends (1981-2000) of brominated diphenyl ethers in Great Lakes herring gull eggs. Environ Sci Technol 36:4786-4789
104. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2002) Cooperation on existing chemicals: hazard assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate and its salts. Environment Directorate, Joint Meeting of the Chemicals Committee and the Working Party on Chemicals, Pesticides and Biotechnology, report ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/Final. Paris, France
105. O'Toole S, Metcalfe C (2006) Synthetic musks in fish from urbanized areas of the lower Great Lakes, Canada. J Great Lakes Res 32:361-369
106. Peck AM, Hornbuckle KC (2004) Synthetic musk fragrances in Lake Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 38:367-372
107. Peck AM, Hornbuckle KC (2006) Synthetic musk fragrances in urban and rural air of Iowa and the Great Lakes. Atmos Environ 40:6101-6111
108. Peck AM, Linebaugh EK, Hornbuckle KC (2006) Synthetic musk fragrances in Lake Erie and Lake Ontario sediment cores. Environ Sci Technol 40:5629-5635
109. Purdom CE, Hardiman PA, Bye VJ, Eno NC, Tyler CR, Sumpter JP (1994) Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works. Chem Ecol 8:275-285
110. Qiu X, Marvin CH, Hites RA (2007) Dechlorane plus and other flame retardants in a sediment core from Lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 41:6014-6019
111. Rice CP, Chernyak SM, Begnoche L, Quintal R, Hickey J (2002) Comparisons of PBDE composition and concentration in fish collected from the Detroit River, MI and Des Plaines River, IL. Chemosphere 49:731-737
112. Rice CP, Schmitz-Afonso I, Loyo-Rosales JE, Link E, Thoma R, Fay L, Altfater D, Camp MJ (2003) Alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylates in carp, water, and sediment from the Cuyahoga River, Ohio. Environ Sci Technol 37:3747-3754
113. Ricking M, Schwarzbauer J, Hellou J, Svenson A, Zitko V (2003) Polycyclic aromatic musk compounds in sewage treatment plant effluents of Canada and Sweden-first results. Mar Pollut Bull 46:410-417
114. Rimkus G, Rimkus B, Wolf M (1994) Nitro musks in human adipose tissue and breast milk. Chemosphere 28:421-432
115. Rimkus GG, ButteW, Geyer HJ (1997) Critical considerations on the analysis and bioaccumulation of musk xylene and other synthetic nitro musks in fish. Chemosphere 35:1497-1507
116. Rimkus GG (1999) Polycyclic musk fragrances in the aquatic environment. Toxicol Lett 111: 37-56
117. Routledge EJ, Sheahan D, Desbrow C, Sumpter JP (1998) Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent. 2. In vivo responses in trout and roach. Environ Sci Technol 32: 1559-1565
118. Sabik H, Gagne F, Blaise C, Marcogliese DJ, Jeannot R (2003) Occurrence of alkylphenol polyethoxylates in the St. Lawrence River and their bioconcentration by mussels (Elliptio complanata). Chemosphere 51:349-356
119. Sandstrom MW, Koplin DW, Thurman M, Zaugg SD (2005)Widespread detection of N,N-diethylm-toluamide in U.S. streams: comparison with concentrations of pesticides, personal care products, and other organic wastewater compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1029-1034
120. Schultz MM, Barofsky DF, Field JA (2003) Fluorinated alkyl surfactants. Environ Eng Sci 20: 487-501
121. Scott BF, Moody CA, Spencer C, Small JM, Muir DCG, Mabury SA (2006) Analysis for perfluorocarboxylic acids/anions in surface waters and precipitation using GC-MS and analysis of PFOA from large-volume samples. Environ Sci Technol 40:6405-6410
122. Servos MR, Maguire RJ, Bennie DT, Lee HB, Cureton PM, Davidson N, Sutcliff R, Rawn DFK (2003) An ecological risk assessment of nonylphenol and its ethoxylates in the aquatic environment. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 9:569-587.
123. Servos MR, Smith M, McInnis R, Burnison BK, Lee HB, Seto P, Backus S (2007) The presence of selected pharmaceuticals and the antimicrobial triclosan in drinking water in Ontario, Canada. Water Qual Res J Can 42:130-137
124. Shen L, Wania F, Lei YD, Teixeira CD, Muir DCG, Xiao H (2006) Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the North American atmosphere. Environ Pollut 144: 434-444
125. Simonich SL, Begley WM, Debaere G, Eckhoff WS (2000) Trace analysis of fragrance materials in wastewater and treated wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 34:959-965
126. Sinclair E, Mayack DT, Roblee K, Yamashita N, Kannan K (2006) Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl surfactants in water, fish, and birds from New York State. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 50:398-410
127. SongW, Ford JC, Li A,Mills WJ, Rockne KJ, Buckley DR (2004) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediments of the Great Lakes. 1. Lake Superior. Environ Sci Technol 38:3286-3293
128. Song W, Ford JC, Li A, Sturchio NC, Rockne KJ, Buckley DR, Mills WJ (2005a) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediments of the Great Lakes. 3. Lakes Ontario and Erie. Environ Sci Technol 39:5600-5605
129. Song W, Li A, Ford JC, Sturchio NC, Rockne KJ, Buckley DR, Mills WJ (2005b) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the sediments of the Great Lakes. 2. LakesMichigan and Huron. Environ Sci Technol 39:3474-3479
130. Strandberg B, Dodder NG, Basu I, Hites RA (2001) Concentrations and spatial variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other organohalogen compounds in Great Lakes air. Environ Sci Technol 35:1078-1083
131. Streets S, Henderson S, Stoner A, Carlson D, Simcik M, Swackhamer D (2006) Partitioning and bioaccumulation of PBDEs and PCBs in Lake Michigan. Environ Sci Technol 40:7263-7269
132. Struger J, Fletcher T (2007) Occurrence of lawn care and agricultural pesticides in the Don and Humber River Watersheds (1998-2002). J Great Lakes Res 33:887-905
133. Struger J, L'Italien S, Sverko E (2004) In-use pesticide concentrations in surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes (1994-2000). J Great Lakes Res 30:435-450
134. Struger J, Sverko E, Grabuski J, Fletcher T, Marvin C (2007) Occurrence and fate of methoprene compounds in urban areas of Southern Ontario, Canada. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 79: 168-171
135. Struger J, Thompson D, Staznik B, Martin P, McDaniel T, Marvin C (2008) Occurrence of glyphosate in surface waters of southern Ontario. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 80:378-384
136. Sun P, Backus S, Blanchard P, Hites RA (2006a) Temporal and spatial trends of organochlorine pesticides in Great Lakes precipitation. Environ Sci Technol 40:2135-2141
137. Sun P, Blanchard P, Brice K, Hites RA (2006b) Atmospheric organochlorine pesticide concentrations near the Great Lakes: temporal and spatial trends. Environ Sci Technol 40:6587-6593
138. Sverko E, Tomy GT, Marvin CH, Zaruk D, Reiner E, Helm PA, Hill B, McCarry BE (2008) Dechlorane plus levels in sediment of the lower Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 42:361-366
139. Tertuliana JS, Alvarez DA, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Zaugg SD, Koltun GF (2008) Occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in the Tinkers Creek watershed and two other tributaries to the Cuyahoga river, Northeast Ohio. USGS Report 2008-5173, Reston, VA
140. Tomy GT, Budakowski W, Halldorson T, Whittle DM, Keir MJ, Marvin C, MacInnis G, Alaee M (2004) Biomagnification of alpha-and gamma- hexabromocyclododecane isomers in a Lake Ontario food web. Environ Sci Technol 38:2298-2303
141. Tomy GT, Pleskach K, Ismail N, Whittle DM, Helm PA, Sverko E, Zaruk D, Marvin CH (2007) Isomers of Dechlorane plus in Lake Winnipeg and Lake Ontario food webs. Environ Sci Technol 41:2249-2254
142. Tuduri L, Harner T, Blanchard P, Li YF, Poissant L, Waite DT, Murphy C, Belzer W (2006) A review of currently used pesticides (CUPs) in Canadian air and precipitation. Part 2: regional information and perspectives. Atmos Environ 40:1579-1589
143. United Kingdom Environment Agency (UK EA) (2005) Environmental risk evaluation report: 4-tert-octylphenol. London, UK
144. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1991) RM1 decision package: chlorinated paraffins-environmental risk assessment. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
145. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1993) RM2 exit briefing on chlorinated paraffins and olefins. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
146. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1996) RM-1 document for paranonylphenol. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
147. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1998) Reregistration eligibility decision (RED) for DEET. EPA 738-R-98-1010 US Environmental Protection Agency,Washington, DC
148. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1999) National recommended water quality criteria. Report 822-Z-99-1001 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,Washington, DC
149. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (2005) Aquatic life ambient water quality criteria-nonylphenol. Report 822-R-05-1005 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
150. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (2006) National recommended water quality criteria. Office of Water (4304T). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
151. Valters K, Li H, Alaee M, D'Sa I, Marsh G, Bergman A, Letcher RJ (2005) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hydroxylated and methoxylated brominated and chlorinated analogues in the plasma of fish from the Detroit River. Environ Sci Technol 39:5612-5619
152. Venier M, Hites RA (2008) Flame retardants in the atmosphere near the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 42:4745-4751
153. Walker JD (2006) Can QSARs identify emerging pollutants that will threaten the Great Lakes ecosystem? In: Expert consultation on emerging issues of the Great Lakes in the 21st century. Report of the Great Lakes Science Advisory Board to the International Joint Commission, Windsor, ON, Canada
154. Walraven N, Laane RWPM (2008) Assessing the discharge of pharmaceuticals along the Dutch coast of the North Sea. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 199:1-18
155. Winkler M, Kopf G, Hauptvogel C, Neu T (1998) Fate of artificial musk fragrances associated with suspended particulate matter (SPM) from the River Elbe (Germany) in comparison to other organic contaminants. Chemosphere 37:1139-1156
156. Yamagishi T,Miyazaki T, Horii S, Kaneko S (1981) Identification of musk xylene and musk ketone in fresh-water fish collected from the Tama River, Tokyo. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 26: 656-662
157. Zhu LY, Hites RA (2004) Temporal trends and spatial distributions of brominated flame retardants in archived fishes from the Great Lakes. Environ Sci Technol 38:2779-2784