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Volumn 49, Issue 36, 2010, Pages 6333-6337

A bowl-shaped ortho-semiquinone radical anion: Quantitative evaluation of the dynamic behavior of structural and electronic features

Author keywords

Corannulenes; EPR spectroscopy; Ion pairs; Radical ions; Semiquinone

Indexed keywords

CORANNULENES; EPR SPECTROSCOPY; ION PAIRS; RADICAL IONS; SEMIQUINONES;

EID: 77956034934     PISSN: 14337851     EISSN: 15213773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002626     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (27)

References (77)
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    • Radical mono- and trianion species of 1 were generated by chemical reduction in solution in a sealed tube and were detected by ESR spectroscopy measurements. However, their isolation was not performed. See
    • Radical mono- and trianion species of 1 were generated by chemical reduction in solution in a sealed tube and were detected by ESR spectroscopy measurements. However, their isolation was not performed. See J. Janata, J. Gendell, C.-Y. Ling,W. Barth, L. Backes, H. B. Mark, Jr., R. G. Lawton, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3056-3058
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    • Scott, Rabinovitz, and co-workers reported the reduction of several corannulene derivatives having annelated six- or five-membered rings. The closed-shell anions were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, however the open-shell ones were not detected.
    • Scott, Rabinovitz, and co-workers reported the reduction of several corannulene derivatives having annelated six- or five-membered rings. The closed-shell anions were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, however the open-shell ones were not detected. See A.Weitz, E. Shabtai, M. Rabinovitz, M. S. Bratcher, C. C. McComas, M. D. Best, L. T. Scott, Chem. Eur. J. 1998, 4, 234-239
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    • The quinone derivative 7 forms convex-convex type dimeric pairs in the crystal. To our knowledge, this is the first convex- convex type crystal structure in bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules. For details, see the Supporting Information
    • The quinone derivative 7 forms convex-convex type dimeric pairs in the crystal. To our knowledge, this is the first convex- convex type crystal structure in bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules. For details, see the Supporting Information.
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    • The stability of the samples was judged from the signal intensity of their solution ESR spectra
    • The stability of the samples was judged from the signal intensity of their solution ESR spectra.
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    • 23Na ENDOR/TRIPLE spectra are shown in the Supporting Information.
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    • All DFT calculations were performed with the Gaussian03 program (revision E.01) Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2004; the full reference is given in the Supporting Information
    • All DFT calculations were performed with the Gaussian03 program (revision E.01) Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2004; the full reference is given in the Supporting Information.
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    • - and the dianion species. The voltammogram is given in the Supporting Information
    • - and the dianion species. The voltammogram is given in the Supporting Information.
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    • -, and 6.3° and 0.67 Å for the dianion, respectively. The detailed data are described in the Supporting Information
    • -, and 6.3° and 0.67 Å for the dianion, respectively. The detailed data are described in the Supporting Information.
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    • On the basis of theory it is suggested that their curvature shallows in a stepwise manner with increasing negative charge. For 1, see
    • On the basis of theory it is suggested that their curvature shallows in a stepwise manner with increasing negative charge. For 1, see: C. Bruno, R. Benassi, A. Passalacqua, F. Paolucci, C. Fontanesi, M. Marcaccio, E. A. Jackson, L. T. Scott, J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 1954-1962.
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    • The details of bond-length analyses and resonance structures of these redox species are shown in the Supporting Information
    • The details of bond-length analyses and resonance structures of these redox species are shown in the Supporting Information.
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    • The temperature dependence of the ESR intensity is given in the Supporting Information. The absolute concentration of the radical was accurately measured by exploiting a dual-sampleport cavity
    • The temperature dependence of the ESR intensity is given in the Supporting Information. The absolute concentration of the radical was accurately measured by exploiting a dual-sampleport cavity.
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    • The simulated ESR spectra and hfccs are shown in the Supporting Information
    • The simulated ESR spectra and hfccs are shown in the Supporting Information.
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    • - is similar to that of several alkali-metal salts of an o-benzosemiquinone radical (see reference [4d]). In contrast, the magnitude of hfcc of an alkali-metal counterion of fluorenone ketyl or pbenzosemiquinone radical salts decreases with decreasing temperature. See
    • - is similar to that of several alkali-metal salts of an o-benzosemiquinone radical (see reference [4d]). In contrast, the magnitude of hfcc of an alkali-metal counterion of fluorenone ketyl or pbenzosemiquinone radical salts decreases with decreasing temperature. See N. Hirota, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 32-41
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    • The y axis is the line passing through the two oxygen atoms (shown in red), and the xy plane is coplanar with the semiquinone moiety. The z axis is perpendicular to the xy plane and passes through the origin O. The parameter θ represents the angle between the x axis and the line connecting the sodium cation with the origin O. Positive and negative q values mean that the sodium cation is in the concave and convex sides, respectively
    • The y axis is the line passing through the two oxygen atoms (shown in red), and the xy plane is coplanar with the semiquinone moiety. The z axis is perpendicular to the xy plane and passes through the origin O. The parameter θ represents the angle between the x axis and the line connecting the sodium cation with the origin O. Positive and negative q values mean that the sodium cation is in the concave and convex sides, respectively.
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    • The calculated hfccs of protons are unchanged without angular dependence
    • The calculated hfccs of protons are unchanged without angular dependence.
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    • Na| change when the sodium cation moves on the x axis was examined by DFT calculations. For details, see the Supporting Information
    • Na| change when the sodium cation moves on the x axis was examined by DFT calculations. For details, see the Supporting Information.
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    • This situation is in contrast to a planar o-benzosemiquinone radical salt without such sign dependence of θ
    • This situation is in contrast to a planar o-benzosemiquinone radical salt without such sign dependence of θ.
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    • - (0.064 and 0.061 mT; bowl depth=0.62 Å). For details, see the Supporting Information
    • - (0.064 and 0.061 mT; bowl depth=0.62 Å). For details, see the Supporting Information.
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    • For our recent studies on planar neutral p radicals based on phenalenyl and oxophenalenoxyl systems, see: S. Nishida, Y. Morita, K. Fukui, K. Sato, D. Shiomi, T. Takui, K. Nakasuji, Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 7443-7446
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    • Metal complexes of bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules have been extensively studied for corannulene and sumanene derivatives. Most of them are closed-shell systems, and electronic-spin structure and magnetic properties are not revealed. See
    • Metal complexes of bowl-shaped π-conjugated molecules have been extensively studied for corannulene and sumanene derivatives. Most of them are closed-shell systems, and electronic-spin structure and magnetic properties are not revealed. See M. A. Petrukhina, L. T. Scott, Dalton Trans. 2005, 2969-2975
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    • and references cited therein
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    • - is expected
    • - is expected.
  • 77
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    • We have calculated the bowl-inversion energy barrier of the corannulene-based semiquinone radicals with different curvature using the Siegel equation, see the Supporting Information). For further investigation of the inversion from the experimental side, variable-temperature NMRspectroscopy measurements and pulsed ESR spectroscopy for the direct observation of the dynamic molecular and electronic-spin structures are underway
    • We have calculated the bowl-inversion energy barrier of the corannulene-based semiquinone radicals with different curvature using the Siegel equation (T. J. Seiders, K. K. Baldridge, G. H. Grube, J. S. Siegel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 517-525; see the Supporting Information). For further investigation of the inversion from the experimental side, variable-temperature NMRspectroscopy measurements and pulsed ESR spectroscopy for the direct observation of the dynamic molecular and electronic-spin structures are underway.
    • (2001) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 517-525
    • Seiders, T.J.1    Baldridge, K.K.2    Grube, G.H.3    Siegel, J.S.4


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