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1
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84986216173
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Surrogate Motherhood and the Politics of Reproduction.
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University of California Press:
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S. Markens. 2007. Surrogate Motherhood and the Politics of Reproduction. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press: 24-29.
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(2007)
Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA:
, pp. 24-29
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Markens, S.1
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2
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77956025914
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Infertile Mothers and Birth Mother: Surrogacy as an Option (in Japanese). Tokyo: Takeuchishotenshinsha: 128.
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K. Koizumi. 2001. Infertile Mothers and Birth Mother: Surrogacy as an Option (in Japanese). Tokyo: Takeuchishotenshinsha: 128.
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(2001)
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Koizumi1
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3
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77956013748
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A private agency that coordinates surrogacy.
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A private agency that coordinates surrogacy.
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4
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77956040668
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Koizumi, op. cit. note 2
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Koizumi, op. cit. note 2, p. 131.
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5
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77956048396
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JSOG. Statement on IVF/ET (in Japanese). J Obstet Gynaecol Res1983;
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JSOG. Statement on IVF/ET (in Japanese). J Obstet Gynaecol Res1983; 39-7: 1131-1133.
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, vol.7-39
, pp. 1131-1133
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6
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77956019106
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Statement on Donor Insemination and Sperm Donation (in Japanese). Tokyo: JSOG. Available at: [Accessed19 Jul 2009].
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JSOG. 2006. Statement on Donor Insemination and Sperm Donation (in Japanese). Tokyo: JSOG. Available at: [Accessed19 Jul 2009].http://www.jsog.or.jp/about_us/view/html/kaikoku/H18_4_hihaigusha. html
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(2006)
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7
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77956046388
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How Society Responds to Desires of Childless Couples:
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Meiji Gakuin Daigaku Shakai Gakubu Fuzokukenkyūsho Nenpō2005
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A. Tsuge. How Society Responds to Desires of Childless Couples: Japan's Position on Donor Conception. Meiji Gakuin Daigaku Shakai Gakubu Fuzokukenkyūsho Nenpō2005; 35: 22.
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Japan's Position on Donor Conception.
, vol.35
, Issue.22
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Tsuge, A.1
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8
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77956036532
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1998. The First IVF Using Donated Eggs in Japan. A Couple in Their Thirties Gave Birth to Twins Last Spring (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shinbun 06 June: 1.Anonymous.
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(1998)
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9
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77956042177
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Osaka District Court. Judgments of December 18, 1998 (in Japanese). Hanreijihō 1999; 1708: 106; Osaka District Court. Judgments of December 18, 1998 (in Japanese). Hanyū 1999; 1017: 213; Osaka District Court. Judgments of December 18, 1998 (in Japanese). Katei Saiban Geppō 1999; 51-9: 71.
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(1999)
, vol.9-59
, Issue.71
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10
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77956033741
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The Assessment Subcommittee for Advanced Medical Care within the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Health Science Council (the Assessment Subcommittee). 2000. Report on Ideal Reproductive Treatment Using Donor Sperm, Eggs and Embryos (in Japanese). Tokyo: The Assessment Subcommittee. Available at:[Accessed 19 Jul
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The Assessment Subcommittee for Advanced Medical Care within the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Health Science Council (the Assessment Subcommittee). 2000. Report on Ideal Reproductive Treatment Using Donor Sperm, Eggs and Embryos (in Japanese). Tokyo: The Assessment Subcommittee. Available at:[Accessed 19 Jul http://www1.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/s0012/s1228-1_18.html2009].
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(2009)
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11
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77956031881
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The First Surrogacy in Japan (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shinbun May 19: 1.Anonymous.
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2001. The First Surrogacy in Japan (in Japanese). Yomiuri Shinbun May 19: 1.Anonymous.
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(2001)
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12
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77956047517
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Tsuge, op. cit. note 7.
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Tsuge, op. cit. note 7.
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13
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77956038292
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The Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment (the ART Committee). 2003. Report on Development of the System for Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment Using Donor Sperm, Eggs, and Embryos (in Japanese). Tokyo: ART Committee. Available at: [Accessed 19 Jul
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The Committee on Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment (the ART Committee). 2003. Report on Development of the System for Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment Using Donor Sperm, Eggs, and Embryos (in Japanese). Tokyo: ART Committee. Available at: [Accessed 19 Jul http://www.mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2003/04/s0428-5a.html2009
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(2009)
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14
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77956051167
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[Accessed 19 Jul, Osaka Superior Court. Judgments of May 20, 2005, Case No. Heisei 16 (Ra) 990, Interlocutory Appeal Regarding Disposition of Mayors of Cities, Towns, and Villages (in Japanese). Hanrei Jihō 2006; 1919: 107-112; The Supreme Court. Judgments of March 23, 2007, Case No. Heisei 18 (Kyo) 47, Interlocutory Appeal Regarding Disposition of Mayors of Cities, Towns, and Villages (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kanz.jp. Available at:
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[Accessed 19 Jul, Osaka Superior Court. Judgments of May 20, 2005, Case No. Heisei 16 (Ra) 990, Interlocutory Appeal Regarding Disposition of Mayors of Cities, Towns, and Villages (in Japanese). Hanrei Jihō 2006; 1919: 107-112; The Supreme Court. Judgments of March 23, 2007, Case No. Heisei 18 (Kyo) 47, Interlocutory Appeal Regarding Disposition of Mayors of Cities, Towns, and Villages (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kanz.jp. Available at: http://kanz.jp/hanrei/detail.html?idx=15652009
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(2009)
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15
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77956037151
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Anonymous., [Accessed 24 Feb Out of Fifteen Couples Who Used IVF Surrogacy, Eight Couples Had Offspring: Official Announcement by Dr. Nezu (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yomiuri Online 05 April. Available at:
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2008. Anonymous., [Accessed 24 Feb Out of Fifteen Couples Who Used IVF Surrogacy, Eight Couples Had Offspring: Official Announcement by Dr. Nezu (in Japanese). Tokyo: Yomiuri Online 05 April. Available at: http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/iryou/news/kyousei_news/20080405-OYT8T00184.htm 2009
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(2008)
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16
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77956029761
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[Accessed 19 Jul, The Assisted Reproductive Technologies Review Committee, the Science Council of Japan (the ART Review Committee). 2008. Issues Related to the Assisted Reproductive Technologies Centered on Surrogate Pregnancy - Toward a Social Consensus - Tokyo: ART Review Committee. Available at:
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[Accessed 19 Jul, The Assisted Reproductive Technologies Review Committee, the Science Council of Japan (the ART Review Committee). 2008. Issues Related to the Assisted Reproductive Technologies Centered on Surrogate Pregnancy - Toward a Social Consensus - Tokyo: ART Review Committee. Available at: http://www.scj.go.jp/ja/info/kohyo/pdf/kohyo-20-t56-1e.pdf 2009
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(2009)
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17
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77956018174
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Accessed 19 Jul, A. Campbell & S. Golombok. 1998. Surrogacy Review for Health Ministers of Current Arrangements for Payments and Regulation, Report of the Review Team: London: Stationary Office: Annex E1. Available at:
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M. Brazier, Accessed 19 Jul, A. Campbell & S. Golombok. 1998. Surrogacy Review for Health Ministers of Current Arrangements for Payments and Regulation, Report of the Review Team: London: Stationary Office: Annex E1. Available at: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/Publicati onsLgislation/DH_4009697 [2009
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(2009)
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Brazier, M.1
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18
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12144286557
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Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived From a Cloned Blastocyst. Science
-
W.S. Hwang et al. Evidence of a Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived From a Cloned Blastocyst. Science 2004; 303: 1169-1674.
-
(2004)
, vol.303
, pp. 1169-1674
-
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Hwang, W.S.1
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19
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77956035452
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[Accessed 19 Jul Raport Annuel Bilan des Activités (in French). Paris: Agence de la biomédecine. Available at: Agence de la biomédecine.
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[Accessed 19 Jul Raport Annuel Bilan des Activités (in French). Paris: Agence de la biomédecine. Available at: Agence de la biomédecine. 2007.http://www.agence-biomedecine.fr/uploads/document/rapp-synth2007.pd f 2009
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(2007)
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20
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77956047060
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Information obtained by one of the authors from interview in France with the President of MAIA, March
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Information obtained by one of the authors from interview in France with the President of MAIA, March 9, 2007.
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21
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77956044463
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Law no. 94-653, the Private Information Protection Law and Law no. 94-654, the Subject Protection Law are included in the Bioethics Law. In the 2004 Bioethics Law, Article 16-7 states: 'All agreements relating to procreation or gestation on account of a third party are void.' (Translation into Japanese by A. Kamisato & A. Narusawa, eds. 2008. The Assisted Reproductive Medicine Bioethics and Law - Basic Information Packet No. 3. Tokyo: Shinzansha: 157.) Article 227-12 states: 'The incitement of the parents or one of them to abandon a born or unborn child, made either for pecuniary gain, or by gifts, promises, threats or abuse of authority, is punished by six months' imprisonment and a fine of €7,500. Acting for pecuniary gain as an intermediary between a person desiring to adopt a child and a parent desiring to abandon its born or unborn child is punished by one year's imprisonment and a fine of €15,000.' (Ibid:
-
Law no. 94-653, the Private Information Protection Law and Law no. 94-654, the Subject Protection Law are included in the Bioethics Law. In the 2004 Bioethics Law, Article 16-7 states: 'All agreements relating to procreation or gestation on account of a third party are void.' (Translation into Japanese by A. Kamisato & A. Narusawa, eds. 2008. The Assisted Reproductive Medicine Bioethics and Law - Basic Information Packet No. 3. Tokyo: Shinzansha: 157.) Article 227-12 states: 'The incitement of the parents or one of them to abandon a born or unborn child, made either for pecuniary gain, or by gifts, promises, threats or abuse of authority, is punished by six months' imprisonment and a fine of €7,500. Acting for pecuniary gain as an intermediary between a person desiring to adopt a child and a parent desiring to abandon its born or unborn child is punished by one year's imprisonment and a fine of €15,000.' (Ibid: 158-159.)
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22
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77956018844
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Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Attitudinal Survey Regarding Assisted Reproductive Medical Technology (in Japanese). In Project Report of the Emergency Countermeasure for Assisted Reproductive Medicine in 2006 (in Japanese): Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: 1-199.
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Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Attitudinal Survey Regarding Assisted Reproductive Medical Technology (in Japanese). In Project Report of the Emergency Countermeasure for Assisted Reproductive Medicine in 2006 (in Japanese): Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: 1-199.2007.
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(2007)
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23
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77956031080
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Thoughts Concerning Legislation about Reproductive Medicine Related to Donor Conception: From an Investigation into The Current Situation of Fertility Tourism (in Japanese). Nihon Seishoku Kango Gakkaishi (Journal Japanese Society of Fertility Nursing)
-
K. Shimizu & Y. Semba. Thoughts Concerning Legislation about Reproductive Medicine Related to Donor Conception: From an Investigation into The Current Situation of Fertility Tourism (in Japanese). Nihon Seishoku Kango Gakkaishi (Journal Japanese Society of Fertility Nursing) 2007; 4-1: 42-49.
-
(2007)
, vol.1-4
, pp. 42-49
-
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Shimizu, K.1
Semba, Y.2
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24
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77956044464
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[Accessed 19 Jul, 2005. Surrogate Mother Sells Same Infant Twice Oversees (in Chinese). Taipei: Liberty Times Online February 1. Available at: http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2005/new/feb/1/today-so8.htm[Accessed 19 Jul 2009]; H. Hsu. 2006. Surrogacy Cases Result in Numerous Disputes (in Chinese). Taipei: Liberty Times Online April 19. Available at:
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[Accessed 19 Jul, 2005. Surrogate Mother Sells Same Infant Twice Oversees (in Chinese). Taipei: Liberty Times Online February 1. Available at: http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2005/new/feb/1/today-so8.htm[Accessed 19 Jul 2009]; H. Hsu. 2006. Surrogacy Cases Result in Numerous Disputes (in Chinese). Taipei: Liberty Times Online April 19. Available at: http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2006/new/apr/19/today-so3.htm2009
-
(2009)
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26
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77956055448
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Paying for It? Surrogacy, Market Forces and Assisted Conception. In Surrogate Motherhood International Perspectives. R. Cook, S.D. Sclater & F. Kaganas, eds. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March 2008: £1 = US $2.08.
-
E. Blyth & C. Potter. 2003. Paying for It? Surrogacy, Market Forces and Assisted Conception. In Surrogate Motherhood International Perspectives. R. Cook, S.D. Sclater & F. Kaganas, eds. Oxford: Hart Publishing. Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March 2008: £1 = US $2.08.
-
(2003)
-
-
Blyth, E.1
Potter, C.2
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27
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77956019460
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Information obtained from the director of a fertility clinic in California in a personal interview conducted on 10 March
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Information obtained from the director of a fertility clinic in California in a personal interview conducted on 10 March 2007.
-
(2007)
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-
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28
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77956037579
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Financial information obtained from CEO of the agency in a personal interview with one of the authors conducted on 13 March
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Financial information obtained from CEO of the agency in a personal interview with one of the authors conducted on 13 March 2007.
-
(2007)
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-
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29
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77956033261
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Information obtained by one of the authors in an interview with a reporter of the Seoul Shinmun on 23 Feb Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March 2008: 1 won = US $0.0011.
-
Information obtained by one of the authors in an interview with a reporter of the Seoul Shinmun on 23 Feb Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March 2008: 1 won = US $0.0011.2005.
-
(2005)
-
-
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30
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77956023365
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Jae-Wan Park. Press Release October 23: 3.
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Jae-Wan Park. Press Release October 23: 3.2005
-
(2005)
-
-
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31
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77956039371
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Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March 2008: NT $1 = US $0.31.[Accessed 19 Jul, Anonymous. Surrogacy Case. Taipei: The Formosa News Online 23 June. Available at:
-
Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March 2008: NT $1 = US $0.31.[Accessed 19 Jul, Anonymous. Surrogacy Case. Taipei: The Formosa News Online 23 June. Available at: http://englishnews.ftv.com.tw/news.asp?fsarticleno=2005062304 2009]2005
-
(2005)
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32
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77956052804
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[Accessed 19 Jul, Transplantation Society and International Society of Nephrology. 2008. The Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism. Istanbul: Transplantation Society and International Society of Nephrology. Available at:
-
[Accessed 19 Jul, Transplantation Society and International Society of Nephrology. 2008. The Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism. Istanbul: Transplantation Society and International Society of Nephrology. Available at: http://www.prnewswire.com/mnr/transplantationsociety/33914/docs/33914-De claration_of_Istanbul-Lancet.pdf 2009
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(2009)
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-
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33
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77956039579
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Anonymous. Feature: Indian Clinic Pioneers Outsourced Pregnancies. Taipei Times 31 December: 5.
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Anonymous. Feature: Indian Clinic Pioneers Outsourced Pregnancies. Taipei Times 31 December: 5. 2007.
-
(2007)
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-
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34
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77956040464
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Warning to Couples on Indian Surrogacy Laws. Melbourne:
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M. Wade. 2009. Warning to Couples on Indian Surrogacy Laws. Melbourne: http://www.theage.com.au/national/warning-to-couples-on-indian-surrogacy -laws-20090125-7pgp.html?page=-1[Accessed 19 Jul 2009]. The Age. Available at:
-
(2009)
-
-
Wade, M.1
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35
-
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77956013952
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Giving Birth the Latest Job Outsourced to India. As Commercial Surrogacy Takes Off, Rent-a-Womb Trend Fuels Debate. New York: MSNBC. Available at:[Accessed 19 Jul 2009]. Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March: 1 Rs. = US $0.024
-
A. Solanki. 2007. Giving Birth the Latest Job Outsourced to India. As Commercial Surrogacy Takes Off, Rent-a-Womb Trend Fuels Debate. New York: MSNBC. Available at:[Accessed 19 Jul 2009]. Here and below, we use the exchange rate as of March: 1 Rs. = US $0.024 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22441355 2008
-
(2007)
-
-
Solanki, A.1
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36
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77956020155
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Information obtained by one of the authors from interview with Ob/Gyns of fertility clinics in California, March,
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Information obtained by one of the authors from interview with Ob/Gyns of fertility clinics in California, March, 2007.
-
(2007)
-
-
-
37
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77956042419
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Commercial Surrogate Mothering in India: Nine Months of Labor? In Inquest for Alternative Sociology. K. Kosaka & M. Ogino, eds. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press: 78.
-
A. Pande. Commercial Surrogate Mothering in India: Nine Months of Labor? In Inquest for Alternative Sociology. K. Kosaka & M. Ogino, eds. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press: 78.
-
-
-
Pande, A.1
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38
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77956038730
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[Accessed 19 Jul, Center for Surrogate Parenting (CSP). 2009. Financial Considerations. Annapolis, MD: CSP. Available at:
-
[Accessed 19 Jul, Center for Surrogate Parenting (CSP). 2009. Financial Considerations. Annapolis, MD: CSP. Available at: http://www.creatingfamilies.com/SM/SM_Info.aspx?type=1232009
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-
-
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39
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77956013317
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-
Pande, op. cit. note 37.
-
Pande, op. cit. note 37.
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